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质子交换膜燃料电池合金催化剂应用研究
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摘要
质子交换膜燃料电池具有清洁、高效、功率密度高、启动迅速等优点,是电动汽车动力源的最佳选择之一。在车用领域,传统的Pt/C催化剂由于其较高的材料成本和较低的稳定性,已逐渐不能满足车用燃料电池商业化应用的要求。在此背景下,Pt系合金催化剂被广泛研究和高度重视,通过雷尼效应、几何效应及电子效应等,显著提高合金催化剂的氧还原反应催化活性,同时提高催化剂的稳定性~([1,2])。在文献报道中,合金催化剂研究取得较大的进展,在三电极体系下,其氧还原反应催化活性大幅提升,部分合金催化剂质量比活性和面积比活性已超过0.44 A/mg和770μA/cm~2这一DOE2020年技术目标~([3]),但在实际应用中,仍然以Pt/C催化剂为主,其原因在于燃料电池实际应用环境与三电极体系相差很大,需要开展大量的基础研究和工艺研究来体现合金催化剂的优势。本文对商品化合金催化剂进行了初步应用研究,提出合金催化剂在实际应用中存在的问题,并对合金催化剂的要求和开发提出一些建议。
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is considered to be a promising candidate for the future generation of power solutions for vehicles due to the high power density, high efficiency and low emissions. However, the cost and durability of the traditional Pt/C catalyst are the major two challenges to the commercialization of PEMFC. Therefore, Pt alloy catalysts which have lower cost and higher durability have been researched and developed widely. Pt alloy catalysts exhibit better dramatically than Pt/C in rotating disk electrode test, but there are a lot of researches should been performed to push forward the alloy catalysts to practical application. In this paper, application researches on commercial Pt alloy catalysts have been performed, at the same time, some key issues of Pt alloy catalysts for practical application have been raised.
引文
[1]GASTEIGER H A,KOCHA S S,SOMPALLI B,et al.Activity Benchmarks and Requirements for Pt,Pt-Alloy,and Non-Pt Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Pemfcs.Applied Catalysis B-Environmental,2005,56(1-2):9-35.
    [2]MUKERJEE S,SRINIVASAN S,SORIAGA M P,et al.Role of Structural and Electronic-Properties of Pt and Pt Alloys on Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction-an in-Situ XANES and EXAFS Investigation.Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1995,142(5):1409-1422.
    [3]U.S.DOE.Fuel Cell Technologies Office Multi-Year Research,Development and Demonstration Plan.2011.http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/mypp/pdfs/fuel_cells.pdf

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