自贡市城区冬季大气细颗粒物污染特征分析
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摘要
为探究自贡市城区冬季PM_(2.5)的污染特征及其来源,城区设置PM_(2.5)采样点,于2016年1月采集样品并进行分析,得到了PM_(2.5)质量浓度、碳组分、无机元素、水溶性离子等数据。结果表明:自贡市城区PM_(2.5)污染较严重,日平均质量浓度为104.59±38.14μg/m~3;PM_(2.5)中TC(OC+EC)、OC、EC、WSOC质量浓度分别为24.57±9.99μg/m~3、19.19±8.16μg/m~3、5.38±1.87μg/m~3、6.71±3.17μg/m~3,分别占PM_(2.5)质量浓度的23.48%、18.30%、5.14%、6.42%;水溶性离子(SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、F~-、Cl~-、NH_4~+、Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+))总浓度均值为56.30μg/m3,占PM_(2.5)质量浓度的53.88%;NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+是主要的水溶性离子组分;NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-)的平均值为1.57,说明PM_(2.5)主要受到移动源的影响;SOR和NOR值均比较大表明自贡市存在较强的光化学反应。样品中无机元素平均质量浓度为14.78μg/m~3,占PM_(2.5)的质量百分比为14.13%,其中Ca、Fe、Al、Na、K的含量最高;富集因子分析表明B、Be、Sr、Zn、Ca、Pb的EF值大于10,主要源于人为活动造成的污染;元素相关性表明,扬尘,建筑扬尘,生物质燃烧,机动车源,二次离子对自贡市城区大气PM_(2.5)贡献显著。
引文
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[29]张丹,翟崇治,周志恩,等.重庆市主城区不同粒径颗粒物水溶性无机组分特征[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(10):1099-1106.
[30]陈涛.成都市中心城区细粒子来源解析研究[D].西南交通大学,2009.
[31]朱先磊,张远航,曾立民,等.北京市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)的来源研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(5):1-5.
[32]杨凌霄.济南市大气PM_(2.5)污染特征、来源解析及其对能见度的影响[D].山东大学,2008.
[33]Kong S,Han B,Bai Z,et al.Receptor modeling of PM2.5,PM10 and TSP in different seasons and long-range transport analysis at a coastal site of Tianjin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(20):4681-4694.
[34]肖致美,毕晓辉,冯银厂,等.宁波市环境空气中PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(5):549-555.
[2]Association.A W M.Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association.[M].APCA,.
[3]Chow J C,Bachmann J D,Wierman S S G,et al.Visibility:science and regulation.[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2002,52(9):628-713.
[4]刘爱霞,韩素芹,姚青,等.2011年秋冬季天津PM2.5组分特征及其对能见度的影响[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(2):42-47.
[5]徐敬,丁国安,颜鹏,等.北京地区PM2.5的成分特征及来源分析[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(5):645-654.
[6]杨毅红,瞿群,刘随心,等.夏季珠江三角洲地区PM_(2.5)化学组分特征及其对大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,2015(8):2758-2767.
[7]宋鹏程,陆书玉.长三角区域PM2.5污染及其健康效应:长三角科技论坛环境保护分论坛,2013[C].
[8]Chow J C,Watson J G,Pritchett L C,et al.The dri thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis system:description,evaluation and applications in U.S.Air quality studies[J].Atmospheric Environment,1993,27A(8):11 85-1201.
[9]张霖琳,王超,朱红霞,等.北京混合功能区夏冬季细颗粒物组分特征及来源比较[J].中国环境科学,2016(1):36-41.
[10]张新民,柴发合,薛志钢,等.广州颗粒物化学组成特征及季节差异[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(2):139-145.
[11]张智胜,陶俊,谢绍东,等.成都城区PM2.5季节污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(11):2947-2952.
[12]胡鸣,张懿华,赵倩彪.上海市冬季PM2.5无机元素污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(7):1993-1999.
[13]Pipal A S,Tiwari S,Satsangi P G,et al.Sources and characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols at Agra"World heritage site"and Delhi"capital city of India"[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2014,21(14):8678-8691.
[14]Khan M F,Shirasuna Y,Hirano K,et al.Characterization of PM 2.5,PM 2.5-10and PM>10in ambient air,Yokohama,Japan[J].Atmospheric Research,2010,96(1):159-172.
[15]Tolocka M P,Solomon P A,Mitchell W,et al.East versus West in the US:Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 during the Winter of 1999[J].Aerosol Science&Technology,2001,34(1):88-96.
[16]陶俊,柴发合,朱李华,等.2009年春季成都城区碳气溶胶污染特征及其来源初探[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2756-2761.
[17]Turpin B J,Huntzicker J J.Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(23):35 27-3544.
[18]Pandis S N,Harley R A,Cass G R,et al.Secondary organic aerosol formation and transport[J].Atmospheric Environment part A.general Topics,1992,26(13):2269-2282.
[19]Chow J C,Watson J G,Lu Z,et al.Descriptive analysis of PM 2.5and PM 10at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX[J].Atmospheric Environment,1996,30(12):2079-2112.
[20]王东方,高松,段玉森,等.上海中心城区冬季PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳组成变化特征[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(7).
[21]黄虹,曹军骥,曾宝强,等.广州大气细粒子中有机碳、元素碳和水溶性有机碳的分布特征[J].分析科学学报,2010,26(3):255-260.
[22]Duan F,He K,Ma Y,et al.Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing,China.[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(3):355-364.
[23]郑玫,张延君,闫才青,等.中国PM2.5来源解析方法综述[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(6):1141-1154.
[24]Arimoto R,Duce R A,Savoie D L,et al.Relationships among aerosol constitutes from Asia and the North Pacific during PEM-West A[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1996,101(D1):2011-2024.
[25]古金霞,吴丽萍,霍光耀,等.天津市PM2.5中水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3).
[26]Blando J D,Turpin B J.Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud and fog droplets:a literature evaluation of plausibility[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(10):1623-1632.
[27]Ohta S,Okita T.A chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosol in Sapporo[J].Atmospheric Environment part A.general Topics,1990,24(4):815-822.
[28]古金霞.天津市区PM_(2.5)污染特征及灰霾等级评价方法研究[D].南开大学,2010.
[29]张丹,翟崇治,周志恩,等.重庆市主城区不同粒径颗粒物水溶性无机组分特征[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(10):1099-1106.
[30]陈涛.成都市中心城区细粒子来源解析研究[D].西南交通大学,2009.
[31]朱先磊,张远航,曾立民,等.北京市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)的来源研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(5):1-5.
[32]杨凌霄.济南市大气PM_(2.5)污染特征、来源解析及其对能见度的影响[D].山东大学,2008.
[33]Kong S,Han B,Bai Z,et al.Receptor modeling of PM2.5,PM10 and TSP in different seasons and long-range transport analysis at a coastal site of Tianjin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(20):4681-4694.
[34]肖致美,毕晓辉,冯银厂,等.宁波市环境空气中PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(5):549-555.
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