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锂硫电池的电极与界面设计
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摘要
锂硫二次电池的正极理论比容量为1675mAh/g,理论比能量为2600Wh/Kg,远高于现阶段所使用的商业化二次电池~([1])。并且,单质硫储量丰富,环境友好,因此锂硫二次电池有很高的商业价值,是非常有前景的下一代电化学储能装置,得到了广泛的关注。然而,单质硫和Li_2S都是电子和锂离子的绝缘体,导致锂硫电池中活性物质硫的利用率不高。此外,锂硫电池在充放电过程中产生的多硫化锂易溶于有机电解液,并产生穿梭效应,造成正极的活性物质逐渐减少,负极的金属锂不断被腐蚀,同时电池内阻增加,最终导致电池的循环性能迅速衰减~([2])。我们从正极微结构的设计,锂负极的保护及电解质体系的设计等角度,制备了聚吡咯、聚苯胺等导电聚合物核壳结构的正极,氮化锂保护的金属锂负极及采用无机物体电解质作为锂硫电池的隔膜,在不同程度上抑制穿梭效应,获得了优异的电化学性能。如图1所示,采用氮化锂修饰金属锂后,锂硫电池在0.5C倍率下循环500次,容量维持在773 mAh/g。
Li-S battery has a high theoretical energy density of about 2600 Wh /kg,which is drastically higher than that of state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries.Elemental sulfur(S_8) not only has a high theoretical specific capacity(1672mA h/g) but also being of great abundance and environmental friendliness.Therefore,these appealing qualities enable Li-S batteries to attract worldwide attention for the next-generation energy storage.However,its practical application is still hindered by the serious capacity fading upon cycling,which can be mostly ascribed to the high solubility of the intermediate polysulfide species in conventional liquid organic electrolyte solutions.In addition,the inherently low conductivity of sulfur and the Li_2S lead to low utilization of the active material.In our lab,microstructure design of cathode material,protection of Li metal anode as well as utilization of inorganic solid electrolyte were carried out and outstanding improvement on electrochemical performance were achieved.
引文
[1]Ji XL,Lee KT,Nazar LF.,Nat.Mater.,2009,8,500-506.
    [2]Chen R,Zhao T,Wu F.,Chem Commun(Camb),2015,51,18-33.

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