北京市脱水污泥与堆置污泥特征及其重金属潜在风险分析
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摘要
为了对北京市污泥处置与资源化利用提供科学的数据支持,采集北京市多个生活污水处理厂的脱水污泥与污泥转运站的堆置污泥两种类型污泥进行处理与化验分析,对不同类型污泥含水率、pH、养分含量及全量重金属进行测定。结果表明,脱水污泥平均含水率83.4%,远高于堆置污泥,堆置污泥和脱水污泥pH平均值分别为7.5和7.2,pH均达到《有机肥料》的标准要求;堆置污泥总养分平均含量为6.8%,脱水污泥总养分平均含量为9.4%,均达到《有机肥料》的标准要求;除了堆置污泥Cd指标平均含量高于脱水污泥外,Pb、Cr、As、Cu、Zn和Ni等重金属指标平均含量均为脱水污泥高于堆置污泥,66.7%堆置污泥样品重金属Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Cu、Zn和Ni含量均达到《有机肥料》的标准要求。若将污泥农用范围限定为北京地区,堆置、脱水两种类型污泥Cd、Zn全量重金属的污染风险相对较大,有必要重点关注。
引文
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[2]中国水网.中国污泥处理处置市场分析报告(2011版)[EB/OL].http://www2.h2o-china.com/report/2011/2011wunireport/,2011-11-08.
[3]Richards B K,Steenhuis T S,Peverly J H,et al.Effect of sludge-processing mode,soil texture and soil pH on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading[J].Environmental Pollution,2000,109(2):327-346.
[4]Magesan G N,Wang H L.Application of municipal and industrial residuals in New Zealand forests:An overview[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2003,41:557-569.
[5]Gonzalez M,Mingorance M D,Sanchez L,et al.Pesticide adsorption on a calcareous soil modified with sewage sludge and quaternary alkyl-ammonium cationic surfactants[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2008,15(1):8-14.
[6]Johansson B M,Torstensson,S L.Microbiological and chemical changes in two arable soils after long-term sludge amendments[J].Biol Fertil Soils,1999,30:160-167.
[7]National Research Council.Biosolids applied to land:advancing standards and practices[R].Washington,D C:National Academy Press,2002.
[8]蔡全英,莫测辉,吴启堂.城市污泥及其堆肥对盆栽通菜和萝卜产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(1):52-55.
[9]周东兴.城市污泥对大麦生长发育和土壤肥力的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,40(4):37-41.
[10]Chang A C,Haenam Hyun,Page A L.Cadmium uptake for swiss chard grown on composted sewage sludge treated field plots:plateau or time bomb[J]?Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26:11-19.
[11]Luo Y M,Peter Christie.International Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,26:11-19.
[12]滕彦国,庹先国,倪师军,等.应用地质累积指数评价攀枝花地区土壤重金属污染[J].重庆环境科学,2002,21(2):25-28.
[13]李航,肖唐付,双燕,等.云南金顶铅锌矿区水系沉积物中镉的地球化学分布及其环境质量[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2894-2898.
[14]陈同斌,郑袁明,陈煌,等.北京市土壤重金属背景值的系统研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(1):117-122.
[15]Forstner U,Ahlf W,Calmano W.Sediment criteria development contributions from environmental geochemistry to water quality management[A]//Heling D,Rothe P,Forstner U.Sedements and Environmental Geo2chemistry:Selected Aspects and Case Histories[C].Berlin;Sp ringer2Verlag.1990,311-338.
[16]谭国栋,李文忠,何春利.北京市污水处理厂污泥特性分析[J].科技信息,2011,(7):19-21.
[17]谭国栋,李文忠,何春利.北京市城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术研究探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(2):105-109.
[18]孙西宁.污泥堆肥过程中重金属形态变化的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[19]熊建军.城市生活污泥条垛式堆肥保氮技术及安全风险研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[20]安琳,蒋海,邓茜,等.北京市污泥消纳无害化处置技术探讨[J].市政技术,2012,30(1):98-102.
[21]张辉,赵珊,周军,等.北京污水厂污泥处置现状[J].建设科技,2009,(7):54-55.
[22]王洋洋.污泥用量对土壤重金属积累及空心菜品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[23]何轶飞.施用污泥对小青菜产量、品质及土壤镉、铬形态的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2009.