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高效绿色磷捕获剂用于饮用水“营养断粮”抑菌
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摘要
控制饮用水微生物污染,保持生物稳定性是饮用水安全保障的一个重要课题。传统的氯等消毒剂本身具有一定毒性,且会带来有害消毒副产物。虽然文献报道了大量的新型消毒材料的开发与应用,但绝大多数的消毒机理是通过消毒剂释放有毒物质破坏细胞来实现的,不免会引入新的毒性物质。控制水中AOC是保持水质生物稳定的有效手段。然而在我国水污染相对复杂的条件下,AOC往往很难控制到特别低的程度以实现缺营养环境。我们把目光聚焦在生物直接利用磷(溶解性正磷酸盐)上,结合界面化学及纺丝技术将La(OH)3纳米线活性组分均匀分散封装到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维织物中。该磷捕获剂具备高的吸附能力,是普通La(OH)3纳米活性组分的8倍以上,而且可以快速创造缺营养水环境来长效抑制微生物生长,甚至可以从微生物体内将必须营养磷掠夺,实现绿色消毒和保持水质稳定。特别是由于该捕获剂具有双重结构,纳米结构捕获剂封装到纤维织物内部,在保障结构稳定和高效捕获能力的同时,能有效控制纳米结构剥离和离子溶出(24小时La离子的释放低于1μg/L),展现高效、稳定、安全多重优势。该研究对饮用水生产、输送及储存以及水体富营养化方面具有重要意义。相应研究成果发表在国际著名期刊ACS Nano(2015,9,9292-9302)上(影响因子12.881)。
Well-dispersed-La(OH)3 nanorods were in situ impregnated in PAN nanofibers by combining electrospinning with a surfactant-free precipitation process.PAN nanofibers acted as not only a growth controller but also an agglomeration inhibitor for the formation of the La(OH)3 aeolotropic nanostructures.Compared with conventional La(OH)3 nanostructures,the hierarchically nanostructured PLNFs exhibited a fast kinetics,high-removal rate,and easy separation for phosphate adsorption,even toward low concentration targets.This benefited from the increased active sites,which were provided by the well-dispersed La(OH)3 nanorods to chemically bind with phosphate.Finally,an effective nutrient-starvation antibacteria strategy was successfully demonstrated through scavenging free bioavailable phosphate by PLNFs,and kept water biostable.Considering that the in situ encapsulation by PAN nanofibers can both avoid lanthanum leakage and bring out higher removal efficiency toward nutrient,the present work would be of particular interest for antibacteria and water stability in practical application.
引文

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