改善城市热环境的规划策略研究——以武汉市为例
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摘要
城市热环境正在逐步恶劣,当前规划对城市热问题涉及较少,同时以一个城市作为热环境的研究尺度偏大。本研究以武汉市为例,提出一个通过量化的措施改善武汉市热环境严重区域的流程。技术上利用了Landsat-7的ETM+影像数据和2012年武汉市人口分布等数据,利用K均值聚类划分城市气候区(LCZ),空间叠加分析找出优先级区域,通过地表指标参数的比较,结合用地性质提出规划缓解策略。研究结果是武汉市被划分为7个LCZs,为城市中热环境严重的区域提出了相应的量化的规划策略。本研究至少在两个方面有助于城市微气候和规划的研究:一是减小了城市热环境的研究尺度;二是从规划角度提出了优化城市热环境的工作流程。
引文
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[2]Oke T R.CANYON GEOMETRY AND THE NOCTURNAL URBAN HEAT-ISLAND-COMPARISON OF SCALE MODEL AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS[J].Journal of Climatology,1981,1(3):237-&.
[3]Oke T R.The Energetic Basis Of the Urban Heat-Island[J].Quarterly Journal Of the Royal Meteorological Society,1982,108(455):1-24.
[4]Kalnay E,Cai M.Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate[J].Nature,2003,423(6939):528-531.
[5]Oke T R.The distinction between canopy and boundary-layer urban heat islands[J].Atmosphere,1976,14.
[6]Wheeler S.State and Municipal Climate Change Plans:The First Generation[J].Journal Of the American Planning Association,2008,74(4):481-496.
[7]Stewart I D.A systematic review and scientific critique of methodology in modern urban heat island literature[J].International Journal Of Climatology,2011,31(2):200-217.
[8]Arnfield A J.Two decades of urban climate research:a review of turbulence,exchanges of energy and water,and the urban heat island[J].International Journal of Climatology,2003,23(1):1-26.
[9]Song J,Du S,Feng X,et al.The relationships between landscape compositions and land surface temperature:Quantifying their resolution sensitivity with spatial regression models[J].Landscape And Urban Planning,2014,123:145-157.
[10]Schaaf C B,Gao F,Strahler A H,et al.First operational BRDF,albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS[J].Remote Sensing Of Environment,2002,83(1-2):135-148.
[11]Giannopoulou K,Santamouris M,Livada I,et al.The Impact of Canyon Geometry on Intra Urban and Urban:Suburban Night Temperature Differences Under Warm Weather Conditions[J].Pure And Applied Geophysics,2010,167(11):1433-1449.
[12]Wu H,Ye L P,Shi W Z,et al.Assessing the effects of land use spatial structure on urban heat islands using HJ-1B remote sensing imagery in Wuhan,China[J].International Journal Of Applied Earth Observation And Geoinformation,2014,32:67-78.
[13]李雪松,陈宏,张苏利.城市空间扩展与城市热环境的量化研究—以武汉市东南片区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2014(3):71-76.
[14]Wang J,Qingming Z,Guo H,et al.Characterizing the spatial dynamics of land surface temperature–impervious surface fraction relationship[J].International Journal Of Applied Earth Observation And Geoinformation,2016,45:55-65.
[15]李鹍,余庄.基于遥感技术的城市布局与热环境关系研究——以武汉市为例[J].城市规划,2008,32(5):76-82.
[16]何慧,徐涵秋.小区规划对其热环境影响的遥感分析[J].2012,36(11):33-38.