幼儿同情心的发展及其与家庭精神环境的关系
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- 英文论文题名：The Development of The Children' Sympathy and The Relationship between It and Family Spiritual Environment
- 论文作者：鲁如艳 ; 崔媛媛 ; 李蒙蒙 ; 董会芹
- 英文论文作者：LU Ru-yan ; CUI Yuan-yuan ; LI Meng-meng ; DONG Hui-qin ; School of Education ; Shandong Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：山东师范大学;
- 论文关键词：幼儿 ; 同情心 ; 家庭精神环境
- 英文论文关键词：child ; sympathy ; family spiritual environment
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B844.12
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：3
- 文件大小：803k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
同情心也称同情感,是一种对他人的不幸遭遇产生共鸣及对其行动的关心、赞成、支持的情感(朱智贤,1989)。同情心在幼儿心理发展中具有重要作用,它是幼儿社会品质的重要组成部分,在道德品质教育中,幼儿亲社会行为产生的重要前提条件便是同情心的形成与发展(Paulus,2014)。因此,为培养幼儿高水平的同情心,研究者除了关注同情心本身的发展外,对同情心形成和发展的影响因素也给予了很多的探讨。幼儿同情心的形成与发展不是由某个单一因素来决定的,而是由诸多主客观因素共同作用的结果,其中主观因素主要包括个体的认知水平、观点采择能力等,客观因素则主要包括幼儿所处的家庭环境和社会文化氛围等方面。家庭作为幼儿主要的生活场所,它对幼儿的身心发展尤其是心理发展具有至关重要的作用。而由家庭成员之间相互作用而形成的良好的心理氛围和文化氛围的这种家庭精神环境更是必然会对幼儿产生不可忽视的影响。心理动力学模式认为,儿童少年心理健康的关键是有良好、健康的家庭心理环境(何淑华,陈昂,2012)。而目前的研究对于幼儿同情心相关联的家庭因素仅仅局限于父母教养方式、家庭结构等某一单独因素的作用,而忽略了家庭的整体内部环境。本研究拟使用问卷调查法考察幼儿同情心发展的一般特点及其与家庭精神环境之间存在的关系。研究被试为淮南市两所私立幼儿园的304名幼儿,其中3-4岁组幼儿74人(3岁≤年龄≤4岁,男孩37人,女孩37人),4-5岁幼儿85人(4<年龄≤5岁,男孩46人,女孩39人),5-6岁组幼儿145人(5<年龄≤6岁,男孩74人,女孩71人)。幼儿同情心的测评工具是在胡金生老师编制的"儿童同情心教师评定问卷"基础上,改编而成的"幼儿同情心母亲评定问卷"。在本研究中,经过改编而形成的"幼儿同情心母亲评定问卷"的内部一致性信度为0.886,分半信度为0.854,家庭精神环境的测评工具是邹定辉、费立鹏等人修订的家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)。研究结果发现:(1)男孩与女孩相比,在同情心的各个维度上,女孩的发展水平均高于男孩,具体而言,在同情理解的发展水平上,4-5岁组、5-6岁组幼儿显著高于3-4岁组幼儿;(2)同情理解和同情行为与家庭精神环境的成功性、组织性、知识性和娱乐性四个维度均呈显著正相关;(3)家庭精神环境的娱乐性、成功性、知识性和组织性可以正向预测幼儿的同情心发展。
Sympathy is a kind of emotion to the misfortunes of others and expresses your concern,approval and support for others' actions(Zhu Zhixian, 1989).Sympathy plays an important role in children' psychological development and it's an important part of children' social quality. In the moral character education, the formation and development of children' prosocial behaviours owe to the important premise condition,namely sympathy(Paulus, 2014).Therefore, in order to cultivate children' high level of sympathy, the researchers not only pay attention to the development of sympathy itself, but also discuss the factors of sympathetic formation and development. The formation and development of children' sympathy is not determined by a single factor,but is decided by many subjective and objective factors. Subjective factors include individual cognitive level, perspective-taking ability and so on. Objective factors mainly include infant family environment, social culture and so on. Family as a children' main living place, it has a vital role on the children' physical and mental development, especially the psychological development Psychodynamic model argues that healthy family Spiritual environment is the key to keeping children' mental health(He Shuhua, Chen Ang, 2012).The current researches on the family factors associated children' sympathy only confine to a single factor such as the parental rearing patterns,the role of family structure and so on and ignore the overall internal environment of the family.This study intends to use the questionnaire survey to investigate the general characteristics of children' sympathy and the relationship between it and family spiritual environment.Subjects were 304 children from two private kindergartens of Huainan city.The sample was consisted of 74 in Group 3-4 years old(3≤age≤4,37 boys and 37 girls),85 in Group 4-5 years old(4
Sympathy is a kind of emotion to the misfortunes of others and expresses your concern,approval and support for others' actions(Zhu Zhixian, 1989).Sympathy plays an important role in children' psychological development and it's an important part of children' social quality. In the moral character education, the formation and development of children' prosocial behaviours owe to the important premise condition,namely sympathy(Paulus, 2014).Therefore, in order to cultivate children' high level of sympathy, the researchers not only pay attention to the development of sympathy itself, but also discuss the factors of sympathetic formation and development. The formation and development of children' sympathy is not determined by a single factor,but is decided by many subjective and objective factors. Subjective factors include individual cognitive level, perspective-taking ability and so on. Objective factors mainly include infant family environment, social culture and so on. Family as a children' main living place, it has a vital role on the children' physical and mental development, especially the psychological development Psychodynamic model argues that healthy family Spiritual environment is the key to keeping children' mental health(He Shuhua, Chen Ang, 2012).The current researches on the family factors associated children' sympathy only confine to a single factor such as the parental rearing patterns,the role of family structure and so on and ignore the overall internal environment of the family.This study intends to use the questionnaire survey to investigate the general characteristics of children' sympathy and the relationship between it and family spiritual environment.Subjects were 304 children from two private kindergartens of Huainan city.The sample was consisted of 74 in Group 3-4 years old(3≤age≤4,37 boys and 37 girls),85 in Group 4-5 years old(4
引文
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