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调水调沙对于黄河口渔业资源组成和分布的影响
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摘要
根据2011-2013年调水调沙前(6月)、后(7月)在黄河口海域的渔业资源调查数据,利用相对优势度指数,方差分析以及多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域夏季渔业资源密度、种类组成、优势种及其年际变化,并探讨调水调沙事件对黄河口渔业资源结构的影响。结果表明:本次调查共鉴定渔业资源生物92种,其中鱼类有52种;主要优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaemrichthys stigmatias),各年份优势种有所变动;渔业资源量有明显年际波动,在2011-2013年呈先增加后减少的趋势,各年间差异显著(P<0.05)。调水调沙对黄河口渔业资源结构有明显影响:调水调沙后渔业资源平均密度增大,资源密度集中点向东南部移动;除2013年外调水调沙后种类数均多于调水调沙前。CLUSTER聚类分析表明以49%相似性水平可以将2011年-2013年黄河口渔业资源群落分为3个组群:2013年组群、2011年和2012年调水调沙前组群、2011年和2012年调水调沙后组群。黄河调水调沙引起的径流量、营养盐变化可能是引起调水调沙前后渔业资源种类组成、资源量变化的重要原因。
Based on the survey data before and after the water and sediment discharge regulation(June and July) in the Yellow River, we used the IRI, ANOVA, and multivariate analysis method to study the composition, distribution and species dominance in the area and evaluate the effect of the water and sediment regulation on the fishery resources. The results show that 92 species including 52 fish species were identified, in which the dominant species is Chaemrichthys stigmatias. The dominance of species varied among years. The biomass first increase then decreased from 2011 to 2013, and the difference were significant influence on the structure. The average density of fishery resources increased after the water discharging, and the spot of high resource density moved towards the southeast. Besides, the number of species increased after water discharge except 2013. CLUSTER analysis showed that the community of fishery resources could be divided into 3 groups at the level of 49% similarity. The changes of water input and concentration of nutrient of Yellow river following the water and sediment regulation could contribute to the variations of species composition and distribution in the studied area.
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