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2013-2015年武汉市大气污染对住院病人的影响
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摘要
目的探讨武汉市大气污染对居民呼吸系统和心血管系统疾病日住院人数的影响。方法选用广义相加模型的Poisson回归进行研究,并对性别、年龄(0-64岁和>64岁)、季节(冷、暖季节)分层分析。结果 SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)每增加10μg/m~3,呼吸系统疾病日住院人数增加分别在lag4、lag2、lag04、lag03达到最大值,分别为0.8%(-2.8%-4.4%)、0.5%(-1.6%-2.6%)、0.1%(-1.9%-2.1%)、0.7%(-0.3%-1.8%);SO_2、NO_2每增加10μg/m~3,心血管系统疾病日住院人数增加分别在lag03、lag02达到最大值,分别为4.1%(-0.5%-8.8%)、3.7%(1.2%-6.2%),PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)均在lag0达到最大值,分别为1.5%(0.1%-2.9%)和0.8%(0.1%-1.5%)。对呼吸系统疾病,SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)对男女分层差异的95%CI分别为(-0.0057-0.009)、(-0.0054-0.0032)、(-0.0025-0.0058)、(-0.0007-0.0038);对年龄分层的95%CI分别为(-0.0074-0.0068)、(-0.0004-0.008)、(-0.0048-0.0033)、(-0.0022-0.0022);对季节分层的95%CI分别为(0.0003-0.0141)、(-0.004-0.0028)、(-0.0043-0.0022)、(-0.0028-0.0009)。对心血管系统疾病,各污染物对男女分层的95%CI分别为(-0.01-0.0081)、(-0.0066-0.0031)、(-0.0018-0.0037)、(-0.0014-0.0016);对年龄分层的95%CI分别为(-0.0128-0.0048)、(-0.0049-0.0044)、(-0.0021-0.0033)、(-0.0008-0.002);对季节分层的95%CI分别为(-0.0091-0.0063)、(-0.0036-0.0038)、(-0.0016-0.0028)、(-0.001-0.0015)。结论心血管系统疾病住院人数与NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)呈正相关,与SO_2无显著相关关系,呼吸系统疾病与各污染物的相关不显著。除了SO_2对呼吸系统冷暖季节差异有统计学意义(冷季节>暖季节)外,其余各污染物对呼吸系统疾病和心血管系统疾病性别、年龄、季节分层的RR值存在差异但并不显著。
引文
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