新型粘结相硬质合金的研究进展
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摘要
介绍新型粘结相硬质合金材料的应用背景;总结Ni基、Fe基、复合金属基及金属间化合物等粘结相硬质合金材料各自的性能特点及最新的研究成果;讨论了粘结相的析出强化、第二相颗粒强化、固溶强化等强化机理;介绍了近年在新型粘结相研究中运用的新技术,特别是相图计算工具和EBSD检测技术的运用加速了新型粘结相的开发与研究;指出在研究与开发新型粘结相硬质合金材料过程中出现的问题;提出未来的重点研究应在新型粘结相材料的基础理论、新的检测手段的运用和制备工艺匹配性等方面开展。
The application backgrounds of cemented carbide with novel binders are introduced. The characteristics and latest progress of cemented carbide with Ni-based, Fe-based, composite metal-based and intermetallic binder phase are summarized. The various mechanisms of the binder phase strengthening, such as precipitation, second phase particles and solid solution strengthening, are discussed. The new techniques used in the research of novel binders are introduced.Especially, the application of phase diagram calculation tools and the EBSD detection technology accelerates the research and development of novel binders. The problems in the research and development of cemented carbide with novel binders are pointed out. These key researches should be focus on the fundamental theory, detection method and preparation technology of novel binder materials in the future.
The application backgrounds of cemented carbide with novel binders are introduced. The characteristics and latest progress of cemented carbide with Ni-based, Fe-based, composite metal-based and intermetallic binder phase are summarized. The various mechanisms of the binder phase strengthening, such as precipitation, second phase particles and solid solution strengthening, are discussed. The new techniques used in the research of novel binders are introduced.Especially, the application of phase diagram calculation tools and the EBSD detection technology accelerates the research and development of novel binders. The problems in the research and development of cemented carbide with novel binders are pointed out. These key researches should be focus on the fundamental theory, detection method and preparation technology of novel binder materials in the future.
引文
[1]Panov V S,Gol'dberg M A.Interaction of tungsten carbide with aluminum nickelide Ni3Al[J].Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics,2009,48(7-8):445-448.
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[4]Almond E A,Roebuck B.Identification of optimum binder phase compositions for improved WC hard metals[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1988,105-106(Part I):237-248.
[5]González R,Echeberría J,Sánchez J,et al.WC-(Fe,Ni,C)hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments[J].Journal of Materials Science,1995,30(13):3435-3439.
[6]Schubert W D,Fugger M,Wittmann B,et al.Aspects of sintering of cemented carbides with Fe-based binders[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,49:110-123.
[7]P lucknett K P,Tiegs T N,Becher P F,et al.Ductile intermetallic toughened carbide matrix composites[C].Wiley Online Library.Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Composites,Advanced Ceramics,Materials,and Structures-A:Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings,1996:314-321.
[8]Tiegs T N,Alexander K B,Plucknett K P,et al.Ceramic composites with a ductile Ni3Al binder phase[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1996,209(1-2):243-247.
[9]Becher P F,Plucknett K P.Properties of Ni3Al-bonded titanium carbide ceramics[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1998,18(4):395-400.
[10]张忠健,龙坚战.碳化钨/金属间化合物硬质合金的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2012,29(6):378-386.Zhang Zhongjian,Long Jianzhan.Research progress of WC/intermetallic cemented carbide[J].Cemented Carbide,2012,29(6):378-386.
[11]金益民.粘结相强化及其在辊环中的应用[J].硬质合金,2011,28(2):126-129.Jin Yimin.Reinforcement of binder phase and its application in carbide rolls[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(2):126-129.
[12]Correa E O,Santos J N,Klein A N.Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC Ni-Si based cemented carbides developed by powder metallurgy[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2010,28(5):572-575.
[13]Norgren S,García J,Blomqvist A,et al.Trends in the P/M hard metal industry[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,48:31-45.
[14]Rong H,Peng Z,Ren X,et al.Ultrafine WC-Ni cemented carbides fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,532:543-547.
[15]Wittmann B,Schubert W D,Lux B.WC grain growth and grain growth inhibition in nickel and iron binder hardmetals[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2002,20(1):51-60.
[16]Mingard K P,Roebuck B,Marshall J,et al.Some aspects of the structure of cobalt and nickel binder phases in hardmetals[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59(6):2277-2290.
[17]TarragóJ M,Ferrari C,Reig B,et al.Mechanics and mechanisms of fatigue in a WC-Ni hardmetal and a comparative study with respect to WC-Co hardmetals[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2015,70:252-257.
[18]Guo Z,Xiong J,Yang M,et al.Microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-Mo2C-Fe cermets[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27(4):781-783.
[19]Alvaredo P,Tsipas S A,Gordo E.Influence of carbon content on the sinterability of an Fe Cr matrix cermet reinforced with Ti CN[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,36:283-288.
[20]Alvaredo P,Gordo E,Van der Biest O,et al.Microstructural development and mechanical properties of iron based cermets processed by pressureless and spark plasma sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,538:28-34.
[21]Kakeshita T,Wayman C M.Martensitic transformations in cermets with a metastable austenitic binder I:WC-(Fe-Ni-C)[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1991,141(2):209-219.
[22]Kakeshita T,Wayman C.Martensitic transformation in cermets with metastable austenitic binder:II.Ti C-Fe-Ni-C[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1991,147(1):85-92.
[23]Chen J K,Tang T P,Chan S F,et al.Effects of particle size on mechanical properties of a Ti C containing tool steel by hot isostatic press[J].Materials Transactions,2008,49(3):624-628.
[24]TarragóJ M,Roa J J,Valle V,et al.Fracture and fatigue behavior of WC-Co and WC-Co Ni cemented carbides[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,49:184-191.
[25]饶承毅,龙坚战,袁红梅.Ni含量对粗晶WC-Co-Ni硬质合金组织和性能的影响[J].硬质合金,2012,29(1):11-14.Rao Chengyi,Long Jianzhan,Yuan Hongmei.Effect of Ni Content on the microstructure and properties of WC-Co-Ni cemented carbide[J].Cemented Carbide,2012,29(1):11-14.
[26]Aristizabal M,Ardila L,Veiga F,et al.Comparison of the friction and wear behaviour of WC-Ni-Co-Cr and WC-Co hardmetals in contact with steel at high temperatures[J].Wear,2012,280:15-21.
[27]G uo Z,Xiong J,Yang M,et al.Characterization and properties of MTCVD Ti(C,N)coated cemented carbide substrates with Fe/Ni binder[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2010,28(2):238-242.
[28]Fernandes C M,Senos A M R,Vieira M T,et al.Mechanical characterization of composites prepared from WC powders coated with Ni rich binders[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2008,26(5):491-498.
[29]Uhrenius B,Pastor H,Pauty E.On the composition of Fe-Ni-CoWC-based cemented carbides[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,1997,15(1):139-149.
[30]Gille G,Bredthauer J,Gries B,et al.Advanced and new grades of WC and binder powder-their properties and application[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2000,18(2):87-102.
[31]García J.Design of graded cemented carbides with Fe-Ni-Co binders assisted by thermodynamic and kinetic modeling[J].Proceedings of the 18th International Plansee Seminar,2013,HM(2):1-14.
[32]Ahmadian M,Wexler D,Calka A,et al.The Effect of boron on the hardness and fracture toughness of WC-Fe Al-B and WC-Ni3Al-B composites[C].Trans Tech Publ,2007.
[33]Talanova G V,Padalko A G,Panov V S,et al.Effect of barothermal processing on the structure and properties of a WC-Ni3Al alloy[J].Inorganic Materials,2008,44(3):244-247.
[34]Ahmadian M,Wexler D,Chandra T,et al.Abrasive wear of WCFe Al-B and WC-Ni3Al-B composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2005,23(3):155-159.
[35]龙坚战.陶瓷基金属间化合物复合材料的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2011,28(1):66-72.Long Jianzhan.Research and development of ceramic matrix intermetallic bonded composite[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(1):66-72.
[36]Long J Z,Zhang Z J,Xu T,et al.WC-Ni3Al-B composites prepared through Ni+Al elemental powder route[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(4):847-852.
[37]Collier R B,Plucknett K P.Spherical indentation damage in Ti CNi3Al composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2012,30(1):188-195.
[38]Plucknett K,Becher P,Subramanian R.Melt-infiltration processing of Ti C/Ni3Al composites[J].Journal of Materials Research,1997,12(10):2515-2517.
[39]Tiegs T N,Schroeder J L,Montgomery F C,et al.Microstructure development during sintering of Ti C-Ni3Al cermets[J].Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials,1999,3(8-12):11-13.
[40]Wang Y,Chen C,Zhang Z,et al.Phase equilibria in the Al-CNi-W quaternary system[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,46:43-51.
[41]Liang L,Liu X,Li X Q,et al.Wear mechanisms of WC-10Ni3Al carbide tool in dry turning of Ti6Al4V[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,48:272-285.
[42]Stewart T L,Plucknett K P.The sliding wear of Ti C and Ti(C,N)cermets prepared with a stoichiometric Ni3Al binder[J].Wear,2014,318(1-2):153-167.
[43]Rad M Habibi,Ahmadian M,Golozar M A.Investigation of the corrosion behavior of WC-Fe Al-B composites in aqueous media[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2012,35:62-69.
[44]Nishigaki K,Doi H,Yukawa N,et al.Binder phase strengthening throughγ'precipitation of WC-Co-Ni-Al hard alloys[J].Proceedings of the 11th International Plansee Seminar,1985,12:487-508.
[45]李晓东,王兴庆,解迎芳,等.WC-(Co-Al)硬质合金的研究[J].粉末冶金工业,2004,14(1):14-17.Li Xiaodong,Wang Xingqing,Xie Yingfang,et al.Research of cemented carbide bonded by Co-Al[J].Powder Metallurgy Industry,2004,14(1):14-17.
[46]Ren X,Peng Z,Peng Y,et al.Effect of Si C nano-whisker addition on WC-Ni based cemented carbides fabricated by hot-press sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,36:294-299.
[47]Rong H,Peng Z,Ren X,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-Ni-VC-Ta C-c BN cemented carbides fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2011,29(6):733-738.
[48]毛善文.硬质合金抗弯强度影响因素的统计研究[J].硬质合金,2013,30(4):197-203.Mao Sanwen.Statistical study on affecting factors of bending strength of cemented carbide[J].Cemented Carbide,2013,30(4):197-203.
[49]Gu L,Huang J,Tang Y,et al.Influence of different post treatments on microstructure and properties of WC-Co cemented carbides[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,620:116-119.
[50]Zhang L,Wang Z,Chen S,et al.Binder phase strengthening of WC-Co alloy through post-sintering treatment[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,50:31-36.
[51]Marshall J M,Kusoffsky A.Binder phase structure in fine and coarse WC-Co hard metals with Cr and V carbide additions[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,40:27-35.
[52]Mingard K P,Roebuck B,Bennett E G,et al.Comparison of EBSD and conventional methods of grain size measurement of hardmetals[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27(2):213-223.
[53]Weidow J,Andrén H O.Binder phase grain size in WC-Co-based cemented carbides[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,63(12):1165-1168.
[54]Cheng K,Xu T,Zhang H,et al.Application of CALPHAD approach in simulation of liquid phase migration of cellular cemented carbide[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,42:180-184.
[55]Zhang K,Zhang Z,Lu X,et al.Microstructure and composition of the grain/binder interface in WC-Ni3Al composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,44:88-93.
[56]Li X,Chen J,Zheng D,et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of WC-10Ni3Al cemented carbides with plate-like triangular prismatic WC grains[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2012,544:134-140.
[57]Long J,Zhang Z,Xu T,et al.Microstructure,mechanical properties and fracture behavior of WC-40vol.%Ni3Al composites with various carbon contents[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,40:2-7.
[2]Material Property Data[DB/OL].http://www.matweb.com,/2015-05-16.
[3]Shetty D K,Wright I G,Mincer P N,et al.Indentation fracture of WCCo cermets[J].Journal of Materials Science,1985,20(5):1873-1882.
[4]Almond E A,Roebuck B.Identification of optimum binder phase compositions for improved WC hard metals[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1988,105-106(Part I):237-248.
[5]González R,Echeberría J,Sánchez J,et al.WC-(Fe,Ni,C)hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments[J].Journal of Materials Science,1995,30(13):3435-3439.
[6]Schubert W D,Fugger M,Wittmann B,et al.Aspects of sintering of cemented carbides with Fe-based binders[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,49:110-123.
[7]P lucknett K P,Tiegs T N,Becher P F,et al.Ductile intermetallic toughened carbide matrix composites[C].Wiley Online Library.Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Composites,Advanced Ceramics,Materials,and Structures-A:Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings,1996:314-321.
[8]Tiegs T N,Alexander K B,Plucknett K P,et al.Ceramic composites with a ductile Ni3Al binder phase[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1996,209(1-2):243-247.
[9]Becher P F,Plucknett K P.Properties of Ni3Al-bonded titanium carbide ceramics[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1998,18(4):395-400.
[10]张忠健,龙坚战.碳化钨/金属间化合物硬质合金的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2012,29(6):378-386.Zhang Zhongjian,Long Jianzhan.Research progress of WC/intermetallic cemented carbide[J].Cemented Carbide,2012,29(6):378-386.
[11]金益民.粘结相强化及其在辊环中的应用[J].硬质合金,2011,28(2):126-129.Jin Yimin.Reinforcement of binder phase and its application in carbide rolls[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(2):126-129.
[12]Correa E O,Santos J N,Klein A N.Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC Ni-Si based cemented carbides developed by powder metallurgy[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2010,28(5):572-575.
[13]Norgren S,García J,Blomqvist A,et al.Trends in the P/M hard metal industry[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,48:31-45.
[14]Rong H,Peng Z,Ren X,et al.Ultrafine WC-Ni cemented carbides fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,532:543-547.
[15]Wittmann B,Schubert W D,Lux B.WC grain growth and grain growth inhibition in nickel and iron binder hardmetals[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2002,20(1):51-60.
[16]Mingard K P,Roebuck B,Marshall J,et al.Some aspects of the structure of cobalt and nickel binder phases in hardmetals[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59(6):2277-2290.
[17]TarragóJ M,Ferrari C,Reig B,et al.Mechanics and mechanisms of fatigue in a WC-Ni hardmetal and a comparative study with respect to WC-Co hardmetals[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2015,70:252-257.
[18]Guo Z,Xiong J,Yang M,et al.Microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-Mo2C-Fe cermets[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27(4):781-783.
[19]Alvaredo P,Tsipas S A,Gordo E.Influence of carbon content on the sinterability of an Fe Cr matrix cermet reinforced with Ti CN[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,36:283-288.
[20]Alvaredo P,Gordo E,Van der Biest O,et al.Microstructural development and mechanical properties of iron based cermets processed by pressureless and spark plasma sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,538:28-34.
[21]Kakeshita T,Wayman C M.Martensitic transformations in cermets with a metastable austenitic binder I:WC-(Fe-Ni-C)[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1991,141(2):209-219.
[22]Kakeshita T,Wayman C.Martensitic transformation in cermets with metastable austenitic binder:II.Ti C-Fe-Ni-C[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1991,147(1):85-92.
[23]Chen J K,Tang T P,Chan S F,et al.Effects of particle size on mechanical properties of a Ti C containing tool steel by hot isostatic press[J].Materials Transactions,2008,49(3):624-628.
[24]TarragóJ M,Roa J J,Valle V,et al.Fracture and fatigue behavior of WC-Co and WC-Co Ni cemented carbides[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,49:184-191.
[25]饶承毅,龙坚战,袁红梅.Ni含量对粗晶WC-Co-Ni硬质合金组织和性能的影响[J].硬质合金,2012,29(1):11-14.Rao Chengyi,Long Jianzhan,Yuan Hongmei.Effect of Ni Content on the microstructure and properties of WC-Co-Ni cemented carbide[J].Cemented Carbide,2012,29(1):11-14.
[26]Aristizabal M,Ardila L,Veiga F,et al.Comparison of the friction and wear behaviour of WC-Ni-Co-Cr and WC-Co hardmetals in contact with steel at high temperatures[J].Wear,2012,280:15-21.
[27]G uo Z,Xiong J,Yang M,et al.Characterization and properties of MTCVD Ti(C,N)coated cemented carbide substrates with Fe/Ni binder[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2010,28(2):238-242.
[28]Fernandes C M,Senos A M R,Vieira M T,et al.Mechanical characterization of composites prepared from WC powders coated with Ni rich binders[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2008,26(5):491-498.
[29]Uhrenius B,Pastor H,Pauty E.On the composition of Fe-Ni-CoWC-based cemented carbides[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,1997,15(1):139-149.
[30]Gille G,Bredthauer J,Gries B,et al.Advanced and new grades of WC and binder powder-their properties and application[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2000,18(2):87-102.
[31]García J.Design of graded cemented carbides with Fe-Ni-Co binders assisted by thermodynamic and kinetic modeling[J].Proceedings of the 18th International Plansee Seminar,2013,HM(2):1-14.
[32]Ahmadian M,Wexler D,Calka A,et al.The Effect of boron on the hardness and fracture toughness of WC-Fe Al-B and WC-Ni3Al-B composites[C].Trans Tech Publ,2007.
[33]Talanova G V,Padalko A G,Panov V S,et al.Effect of barothermal processing on the structure and properties of a WC-Ni3Al alloy[J].Inorganic Materials,2008,44(3):244-247.
[34]Ahmadian M,Wexler D,Chandra T,et al.Abrasive wear of WCFe Al-B and WC-Ni3Al-B composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2005,23(3):155-159.
[35]龙坚战.陶瓷基金属间化合物复合材料的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2011,28(1):66-72.Long Jianzhan.Research and development of ceramic matrix intermetallic bonded composite[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(1):66-72.
[36]Long J Z,Zhang Z J,Xu T,et al.WC-Ni3Al-B composites prepared through Ni+Al elemental powder route[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(4):847-852.
[37]Collier R B,Plucknett K P.Spherical indentation damage in Ti CNi3Al composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2012,30(1):188-195.
[38]Plucknett K,Becher P,Subramanian R.Melt-infiltration processing of Ti C/Ni3Al composites[J].Journal of Materials Research,1997,12(10):2515-2517.
[39]Tiegs T N,Schroeder J L,Montgomery F C,et al.Microstructure development during sintering of Ti C-Ni3Al cermets[J].Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials,1999,3(8-12):11-13.
[40]Wang Y,Chen C,Zhang Z,et al.Phase equilibria in the Al-CNi-W quaternary system[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,46:43-51.
[41]Liang L,Liu X,Li X Q,et al.Wear mechanisms of WC-10Ni3Al carbide tool in dry turning of Ti6Al4V[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,48:272-285.
[42]Stewart T L,Plucknett K P.The sliding wear of Ti C and Ti(C,N)cermets prepared with a stoichiometric Ni3Al binder[J].Wear,2014,318(1-2):153-167.
[43]Rad M Habibi,Ahmadian M,Golozar M A.Investigation of the corrosion behavior of WC-Fe Al-B composites in aqueous media[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2012,35:62-69.
[44]Nishigaki K,Doi H,Yukawa N,et al.Binder phase strengthening throughγ'precipitation of WC-Co-Ni-Al hard alloys[J].Proceedings of the 11th International Plansee Seminar,1985,12:487-508.
[45]李晓东,王兴庆,解迎芳,等.WC-(Co-Al)硬质合金的研究[J].粉末冶金工业,2004,14(1):14-17.Li Xiaodong,Wang Xingqing,Xie Yingfang,et al.Research of cemented carbide bonded by Co-Al[J].Powder Metallurgy Industry,2004,14(1):14-17.
[46]Ren X,Peng Z,Peng Y,et al.Effect of Si C nano-whisker addition on WC-Ni based cemented carbides fabricated by hot-press sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,36:294-299.
[47]Rong H,Peng Z,Ren X,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-Ni-VC-Ta C-c BN cemented carbides fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2011,29(6):733-738.
[48]毛善文.硬质合金抗弯强度影响因素的统计研究[J].硬质合金,2013,30(4):197-203.Mao Sanwen.Statistical study on affecting factors of bending strength of cemented carbide[J].Cemented Carbide,2013,30(4):197-203.
[49]Gu L,Huang J,Tang Y,et al.Influence of different post treatments on microstructure and properties of WC-Co cemented carbides[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,620:116-119.
[50]Zhang L,Wang Z,Chen S,et al.Binder phase strengthening of WC-Co alloy through post-sintering treatment[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,50:31-36.
[51]Marshall J M,Kusoffsky A.Binder phase structure in fine and coarse WC-Co hard metals with Cr and V carbide additions[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,40:27-35.
[52]Mingard K P,Roebuck B,Bennett E G,et al.Comparison of EBSD and conventional methods of grain size measurement of hardmetals[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27(2):213-223.
[53]Weidow J,Andrén H O.Binder phase grain size in WC-Co-based cemented carbides[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,63(12):1165-1168.
[54]Cheng K,Xu T,Zhang H,et al.Application of CALPHAD approach in simulation of liquid phase migration of cellular cemented carbide[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,42:180-184.
[55]Zhang K,Zhang Z,Lu X,et al.Microstructure and composition of the grain/binder interface in WC-Ni3Al composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,44:88-93.
[56]Li X,Chen J,Zheng D,et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of WC-10Ni3Al cemented carbides with plate-like triangular prismatic WC grains[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2012,544:134-140.
[57]Long J,Zhang Z,Xu T,et al.Microstructure,mechanical properties and fracture behavior of WC-40vol.%Ni3Al composites with various carbon contents[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2013,40:2-7.