长期施肥对黑土玉米田钾素Q/I特性的影响
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摘要
为了了解长期施肥对黑土玉米田土壤钾素养分动态平衡的影响,以黑土玉米田长期定位施肥试验(1984-2015年)为平台,运用振荡法研究了不同施肥对玉米田黑土钾素Q/I曲线特性、供钾容量、供钾强度和钾潜在缓冲容量的影响。结果表明,长期不同施肥处理黑土钾素的容量-强度(Q/I)曲线与典型的Q/I曲线相类似;不同施肥处理间Q/I曲线呈现出类似的形状,都是由曲线和直线两部分组成。施肥可以增加玉米田黑土中供钾容量(-ΔK_0)和供钾强度(AReK),降低玉米田黑土钾潜在缓冲容量(PBCK),氮磷钾配施高量秸秆的处理(NPK+S0. 5)黑土-ΔK_0值最高,为0. 167 9 cmol/kg,AReK值也是在NPK+S0. 5处理下最高,为1. 718 5×10~(-3)(cmol/kg)~(-1/2);然而,PBCK值最小,为97. 7(mg/kg)/(cmol/kg)1/2,施用钾肥和秸秆对增加玉米田土壤中-ΔK_0值和AReK值、降低PBCK值效果较为明显。相关性分析表明,黑土-ΔK_0值和AReK值与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾含量存在着极显著的正相关(P <0.01),而PBCK值恰好相反。总体而言,化肥配施秸秆对土壤的理化性质及-ΔK_0值、AReK值和PBCK值都有较大的影响,既可以增加土壤养分,又可以增加土壤供钾能力。因此,合理施肥有利于提高土壤钾素营养的供应能力,提高作物产量和品质。
In order to understand the effect of long-term fertilization on the dynamic balance of potassium nutrients in black soil corn fields. We based on the long-term fertilization experiment( 1984-2015) in black soil corn field,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the characteristics of Q/I curve and the parameters( potassium supply capacity,potassium supply potential and potassium buffer capacity) of black soil in maize field were studied. The results showed that long-term different fertilizer treatments of black soil potassium Q/I curve and typical Q/I curve was similar. Q/I curve among different fertilizer treatments presented a similar shape. It consisted of two parts: curve and straight line. Fertilization could increase in the black soil-ΔK_0 value and ARe_K value,reduced the black earth PBC_K value,treatment of NPK with high straw content( NPK + S0. 5) black soil-ΔK_0 value of up to 0. 167 9 cmol/kg,AReKvalue was also the highest under NPK + S0. 5 treatment 1. 718 5 × 10~(-3)( cmol/kg)~(-1/2).However,the PBCKvalue was the smallest,which was 97. 7( mg/kg)/( cmol/kg)1/2. Applying potassium fertilizer and straw was more effective in increasing the-ΔK_0 and ARe_K values and decreasing the PBC_K value in the corn field soil. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between black soil-ΔK_0 and AReKvalues and soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and available potassium content( P < 0. 01),and PBCKvalues were exactly the opposite. In general,chemical fertilizers combined with straw had a great influence on the physicochemical properties of the soil and the-ΔK_0 value,ARe_K value and PBC_K value. It could not only increase soil nutrients,but also increase soil potassium supply capacity. Therefore,reasonable fertilization will help increase the supply capacity of soil potassium nutrition and increase crop yield and quality.
In order to understand the effect of long-term fertilization on the dynamic balance of potassium nutrients in black soil corn fields. We based on the long-term fertilization experiment( 1984-2015) in black soil corn field,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the characteristics of Q/I curve and the parameters( potassium supply capacity,potassium supply potential and potassium buffer capacity) of black soil in maize field were studied. The results showed that long-term different fertilizer treatments of black soil potassium Q/I curve and typical Q/I curve was similar. Q/I curve among different fertilizer treatments presented a similar shape. It consisted of two parts: curve and straight line. Fertilization could increase in the black soil-ΔK_0 value and ARe_K value,reduced the black earth PBC_K value,treatment of NPK with high straw content( NPK + S0. 5) black soil-ΔK_0 value of up to 0. 167 9 cmol/kg,AReKvalue was also the highest under NPK + S0. 5 treatment 1. 718 5 × 10~(-3)( cmol/kg)~(-1/2).However,the PBCKvalue was the smallest,which was 97. 7( mg/kg)/( cmol/kg)1/2. Applying potassium fertilizer and straw was more effective in increasing the-ΔK_0 and ARe_K values and decreasing the PBC_K value in the corn field soil. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between black soil-ΔK_0 and AReKvalues and soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and available potassium content( P < 0. 01),and PBCKvalues were exactly the opposite. In general,chemical fertilizers combined with straw had a great influence on the physicochemical properties of the soil and the-ΔK_0 value,ARe_K value and PBC_K value. It could not only increase soil nutrients,but also increase soil potassium supply capacity. Therefore,reasonable fertilization will help increase the supply capacity of soil potassium nutrition and increase crop yield and quality.
引文
[1]胡霭堂.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1995:58-68.
[2]娄腾雪.潘那利番茄渐渗系耐低钾品系筛选及低钾对不同耐性品系的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[3]史风琴.浅谈氮磷钾及微量元素在小麦生长发育中的作用[J].河南农业,2018(1):33-33.
[4]王俊.钾对烟碱类物质的积累和它们生物合成相关基因表达的影响[D].苏州:苏州大学,2015.
[5]鲁蓉蓉.影响皖南地区土壤钾Q/I曲线变化的研究[J].平顶山学院学报,2014,29(5):94-96.
[6]聂新星.生物炭对土壤钾素有效性及作物生长的影响[D].武汉:中国科学院,2016.
[7]谭德水.长期施钾对北方典型土壤钾素及作物产量、品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[8]廖育林,郑圣先,黄建余,等.施钾对缺钾稻田土壤钾肥效应及土壤钾素状况的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(2):255-260.
[9] Beckett T P H. Studies on soil Potassium ii[J]. Plant and Soil,1966,25(3):435-455.
[10]李娜.长期定位施肥对棕壤钾素供应特征及有效性影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[11] De L A,Effrom D,Jimenze M P,et al. Effect of potassium fertilizers on quantity-intensity parameters on some argentine soils[J]. Communications in soil Science and Plant Analysis,1998,29(5/6):671-6801.
[12] Ajiboye A G,Azeez J O,Omotunde A J. Potassium forms and quantity-intensity relationships in some wetland soils of Abeokuta,Southwestern Nigeria[J]. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2015,61(10):1393-1408.
[13] Rupa T R,Srivastava S,Swarup A,et al. The availability of potassium in Aeric Haplaquept and Typic Haplustert as affected by long-term cropping,fertilization and manuring[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2003,65(1):1-11.
[14] Das D,Nayak A K,Thilagam V K,et al. Measuring potassium fractions is not sufficient to assess the long-term impact of fertilization and manuring on soil's potassium supplying capacity[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments,2018(3):1-15.
[15]张森,王林,许自成,等.曲靖红壤烟区有效镁、速效钾交互作用对烤烟钾、镁、钙吸收及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(1):87-93.
[16]杜召永.长期定位施肥对黑土钾素供应能力及玉米品质影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[18]史热和,鲍土旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[19] Leep R H,Jeranyama P,Warncke D,et al. The effect of variability in soil p H and available potassium on growth of alfalfa in Michigan fields[C]//International Conference on Precision Agriculture,2015:1-10.
[20]廖育林,鲁艳红,谢坚,等.长期施用钾肥和稻草对红壤双季稻田土壤供钾能力的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):456-467.
[21]张会民,吕家珑,李菊梅,等.长期定位施肥条件下土壤钾素化学研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(1):155-160.
[22] Bi L D,Yao S H,Zhang B. Impacts of long-term chemical and organic fertilization on soil puddlability in subtropical China[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2015,152:94-103.
[23]张水清,黄绍敏,聂胜委,等.长期定位施肥对夏玉米钾素吸收及土壤钾素动态变化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):56-63.
[2]娄腾雪.潘那利番茄渐渗系耐低钾品系筛选及低钾对不同耐性品系的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[3]史风琴.浅谈氮磷钾及微量元素在小麦生长发育中的作用[J].河南农业,2018(1):33-33.
[4]王俊.钾对烟碱类物质的积累和它们生物合成相关基因表达的影响[D].苏州:苏州大学,2015.
[5]鲁蓉蓉.影响皖南地区土壤钾Q/I曲线变化的研究[J].平顶山学院学报,2014,29(5):94-96.
[6]聂新星.生物炭对土壤钾素有效性及作物生长的影响[D].武汉:中国科学院,2016.
[7]谭德水.长期施钾对北方典型土壤钾素及作物产量、品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[8]廖育林,郑圣先,黄建余,等.施钾对缺钾稻田土壤钾肥效应及土壤钾素状况的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(2):255-260.
[9] Beckett T P H. Studies on soil Potassium ii[J]. Plant and Soil,1966,25(3):435-455.
[10]李娜.长期定位施肥对棕壤钾素供应特征及有效性影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[11] De L A,Effrom D,Jimenze M P,et al. Effect of potassium fertilizers on quantity-intensity parameters on some argentine soils[J]. Communications in soil Science and Plant Analysis,1998,29(5/6):671-6801.
[12] Ajiboye A G,Azeez J O,Omotunde A J. Potassium forms and quantity-intensity relationships in some wetland soils of Abeokuta,Southwestern Nigeria[J]. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2015,61(10):1393-1408.
[13] Rupa T R,Srivastava S,Swarup A,et al. The availability of potassium in Aeric Haplaquept and Typic Haplustert as affected by long-term cropping,fertilization and manuring[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2003,65(1):1-11.
[14] Das D,Nayak A K,Thilagam V K,et al. Measuring potassium fractions is not sufficient to assess the long-term impact of fertilization and manuring on soil's potassium supplying capacity[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments,2018(3):1-15.
[15]张森,王林,许自成,等.曲靖红壤烟区有效镁、速效钾交互作用对烤烟钾、镁、钙吸收及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(1):87-93.
[16]杜召永.长期定位施肥对黑土钾素供应能力及玉米品质影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[18]史热和,鲍土旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[19] Leep R H,Jeranyama P,Warncke D,et al. The effect of variability in soil p H and available potassium on growth of alfalfa in Michigan fields[C]//International Conference on Precision Agriculture,2015:1-10.
[20]廖育林,鲁艳红,谢坚,等.长期施用钾肥和稻草对红壤双季稻田土壤供钾能力的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):456-467.
[21]张会民,吕家珑,李菊梅,等.长期定位施肥条件下土壤钾素化学研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(1):155-160.
[22] Bi L D,Yao S H,Zhang B. Impacts of long-term chemical and organic fertilization on soil puddlability in subtropical China[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2015,152:94-103.
[23]张水清,黄绍敏,聂胜委,等.长期定位施肥对夏玉米钾素吸收及土壤钾素动态变化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):56-63.