大陆伸展构造综述
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摘要
简述了大陆伸展构造的研究历史,并从基本概念、构造样式、变形机制和动力背景等方面对大陆伸展构造进行了综述.伸展是大陆构造一种主要类型,并以正断层为主形成多种构造样式,如地堑、裂谷、拆离断层和变质核杂岩等.大陆伸展的变形机制包括纯剪切、简单剪切及分层剪切模式,并由此产生对称与非对称构造.大陆伸展构造的地表表现形式主要为裂谷或变质核杂岩,两者的形成主要取决于岩石圈的流变学结构.大陆伸展的动力学背景主要包括地幔柱上涌、俯冲板片反转与俯冲带后撤、增厚地壳的重力垮塌以及走滑体系的派生拉张等.
This paper makes an overview on the continental extensional tectonics from the research history,basic concept,structural pattern,deformational mechanism and dynamic tectonic backgrounds.Extension is one of the major tectonics in continent,which forms many different structural patterns with normal faults,such as,grabens,rifts,detachment faults and metamorphic core complexes(MCC).Deformational mechanism for the continental extension includes models of pure shearing,simple shearing and delaminating shearing,which results in symmetric and asymmetric extensional structures,respectively.There are mainly two kinds of surface expressions for the continental extension,i.e.,rifts or MCC,which depends on the rheological structure of the continental lithosphere.The dynamic tectonic backgrounds for continental extension include the upwelling plume,slab rollback and subduction retreat,gravitational collapse of thickened crust,and the extension derived from strike-slip system.
This paper makes an overview on the continental extensional tectonics from the research history,basic concept,structural pattern,deformational mechanism and dynamic tectonic backgrounds.Extension is one of the major tectonics in continent,which forms many different structural patterns with normal faults,such as,grabens,rifts,detachment faults and metamorphic core complexes(MCC).Deformational mechanism for the continental extension includes models of pure shearing,simple shearing and delaminating shearing,which results in symmetric and asymmetric extensional structures,respectively.There are mainly two kinds of surface expressions for the continental extension,i.e.,rifts or MCC,which depends on the rheological structure of the continental lithosphere.The dynamic tectonic backgrounds for continental extension include the upwelling plume,slab rollback and subduction retreat,gravitational collapse of thickened crust,and the extension derived from strike-slip system.
引文
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