葡萄新品种‘瑞峰’的选育
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摘要
‘瑞峰’是由‘沈阳玫瑰’ב峰后’杂交选育出的晚熟葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形,平均穗质量750g,果穗疏松,坐果适中,无大小粒;果皮紫色,果粉极厚;果皮厚;果刷长,不易脱粒;果肉硬度适中,具有浓郁的玫瑰香味;果粒圆形,平均粒质量11.2g,最大15.1g;每果粒含种子1～2粒。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)21.3%,总糖含量18.6%,总酸含量0.51%,维生素C含量45.3 mg·kg-1,品质上等。果实生育期160d,在辽宁省大连地区9月下旬成熟;萌芽率为90.0%;成枝率为98%。植株生长势强,适应性和抗病性强,对霜霉病、黑痘病、白腐病及炭疽病抗性均强于‘巨峰’。货架期7d,冷藏2个月。适合无霜期大于160d气候条件下的地区种植。
‘Ruifeng’ is a new late-matuering grape cultivar. It is a tetraploid European-American hybrid, which is derived from the cross between ‘Shenyang meigui’ and ‘Fenghou’ in 2007 at the original Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Nowadays, it is the Ministry of Scientific Research and Education, which is affiliated to Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service center). It was examined and registered by the Office of Variety Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture in June2018. The cluster is large and conical or cylindrical with the average mass of 750 grams. Fruit setting rate is moderate, and the fruit size is uniformity. Purple pericarp but purple-black when fully ripe. The powder, which is on the surface of the grape, is extremely thick. With long brush but not easy to thresh.It is moderate pulp firmness with a strong rose aroma and round grains. The average weight of each berry is 11.2 grams and the heaviest one is 15.1 grams, 1-2 seeds in each berry. Young shoots are light reddish-brown, with young red-brown kidney-shaped leaves on the front and sparse density of creeping villi on the back, with petiole depressions and androgynous flowers. It is of good qualities such as 21.3% of soluble solids, 18.6% of total sugar, 0.51% of total acid and 45.3 mg·kg-1 of vitamin C. The fruit development period is about 160 days and it can be harvested in late September in Dalian area of Liaoning Province. Its fructescence is ten days later than ‘Jufeng’ . The germination rate is 90.0%, and the shooting rate is 98%, and the maturity of branches is good. The flower bud differentiation is stable with 70.1% of average shoot branch rate and the coefficient is 1.1. The plant has strong growth potential of adaptability and disease resistance. The resistance to downy mildew, black pox, white rot and anthracnose is stronger than ‘Jufeng’ . Shelf life of fruit is 7 days and refrigerated life is 2 months. It is suitable for planting under the climate of frost-free period more than 160 days. It needs rain-proof in the area of rainfall more than 1 000 mm. It is easy to cultivate and manage without plant growth regulator treatment.
‘Ruifeng’ is a new late-matuering grape cultivar. It is a tetraploid European-American hybrid, which is derived from the cross between ‘Shenyang meigui’ and ‘Fenghou’ in 2007 at the original Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Nowadays, it is the Ministry of Scientific Research and Education, which is affiliated to Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service center). It was examined and registered by the Office of Variety Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture in June2018. The cluster is large and conical or cylindrical with the average mass of 750 grams. Fruit setting rate is moderate, and the fruit size is uniformity. Purple pericarp but purple-black when fully ripe. The powder, which is on the surface of the grape, is extremely thick. With long brush but not easy to thresh.It is moderate pulp firmness with a strong rose aroma and round grains. The average weight of each berry is 11.2 grams and the heaviest one is 15.1 grams, 1-2 seeds in each berry. Young shoots are light reddish-brown, with young red-brown kidney-shaped leaves on the front and sparse density of creeping villi on the back, with petiole depressions and androgynous flowers. It is of good qualities such as 21.3% of soluble solids, 18.6% of total sugar, 0.51% of total acid and 45.3 mg·kg-1 of vitamin C. The fruit development period is about 160 days and it can be harvested in late September in Dalian area of Liaoning Province. Its fructescence is ten days later than ‘Jufeng’ . The germination rate is 90.0%, and the shooting rate is 98%, and the maturity of branches is good. The flower bud differentiation is stable with 70.1% of average shoot branch rate and the coefficient is 1.1. The plant has strong growth potential of adaptability and disease resistance. The resistance to downy mildew, black pox, white rot and anthracnose is stronger than ‘Jufeng’ . Shelf life of fruit is 7 days and refrigerated life is 2 months. It is suitable for planting under the climate of frost-free period more than 160 days. It needs rain-proof in the area of rainfall more than 1 000 mm. It is easy to cultivate and manage without plant growth regulator treatment.
引文
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[6]孔庆山.中国葡萄志[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004:290-291.KONG Qingshan.Flora of Chinese grapes[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2004:290-291.
[2]魏灵珠,程建徽,向江,吴江.早熟无核葡萄新品种‘天工墨玉’的选育[J].果树学报,2018,35(7):898-900.WEI Lingzhu,CHENG Jianhui,XIANG Jiang,WU Jiang.Anew early ripening seedless table grape cultivar‘Tiangong Moyu’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(7):898-900.
[3]刘三军,蒯传化,于巧丽,刘崇怀,顾红,陈勇朋.葡萄极早熟新品种——夏至红的选育[J].果树学报,2011,28(2):367-368.LIU Sanjun,KUAI Chuanhua,YU Qiaoli,LIU Chonghuai,GUHong,CHEN Yongpeng.Xiazhihong,a new early ripening grape cultivar[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(2):367-368.
[4]刘崇怀,樊秀彩,姜建福,李民,孙海生,张颖,刘三军,王鹏,乔宝营,刘启山,魏志峰,吕中伟,张晓锋.鲜食葡萄新品种‘郑葡1号’的选育[J].果树学报,2016,33(8):1027-1029.LIU Chonghuai,FAN Xiucai,JIANG Jianfu,LI Min,SUNHaisheng,ZHANG Ying,LIU Sanjun,WANG Peng,QIAOBaoying,LIU Qishan,WEI Zhifeng,LüZhongwei,ZHANGXiaofeng.Breeding of a new grape cultivar‘Zhengpu 1’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(8):1027-1029.
[5]马海峰,张维东,徐铭毅,赵娜,宗丽荣,王玉环.葡萄极早熟新品种‘早霞玫瑰’的选育[J].中国果树,2013(1):4-7.MA Haifeng,ZHANG Weidong,XU Mingyi,ZHAO Na,ZONGLirong,WANGYuhuan.Breeding of a new early-ripenng grape cultivar‘Zaoxiameigui’[J].China Fruits,2013(1):4-7.
[6]孔庆山.中国葡萄志[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004:290-291.KONG Qingshan.Flora of Chinese grapes[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2004:290-291.
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