离子型稀土矿化学溶浸影响因素及其调控
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摘要
离子型稀土矿性质复杂,稀土元素赋存状态特殊,特有的黏土矿物性质不利于稀土的化学溶浸,综合回收困难。为揭示离子型稀土矿化学溶浸影响机制,探寻溶浸过程优化调控措施,本文以江西龙南离子型稀土矿为研究对象,采用室内溶浸法模拟原地溶浸工艺过程,开展化学溶浸体系各因素的影响机制及其优化调控研究。结果表明浸出剂浓度越高、流速越快,稀土的浸出率越高,而原矿含水率过大、矿层高度过高均会影响稀土的浸出效率,进而降低稀土离子的浸出率和浸出母液浓度;采用正交试验法计算分析各因素的影响效应可得出各因素的交互影响关系,形成的较佳试验条件与单因素试验结果一致,当调控浸出剂浓度为4%、浸出剂用量180 mL、矿层高度211 mm,以及浸取剂流速为2 mL/min、顶水用量为20 mL、原矿含水率5%左右,可获得浸出率和稀土浓度均较高的浸出母液(浸出率97.87%、稀土浓度2.52 g/L)。通过调控稀土化学溶浸主因素,优化溶浸过程次因数的条件控制,可实现了离子型稀土矿的绿色高效提取,也丰富了稀土化学溶浸基础理论。
Because of the complex nature of ion-type rare earth ore, special existing state of rare earth element, the unique properties of clay minerals are not conducive to the chemical leaching of rare earth.It is difficult to recover comprehensively. In order to reveal the chemical leaching mechanism of ion-type rare ore, explore the leaching process optimization measures. This paper takes Jiangxi Longnan ion-type rare earth ore as the research object, using indoor leaching method to simulate the in-situ leaching process,carrying out chemical leaching mechanism and influence factors of the system and its optimization. The results show that the leaching agent concentration is higher, flow rate is faster, the rare earth leaching rate is high. Water content is too large, seam height is too high will affect the ore leaching efficiency, reducing rate of rare earth ions and leaching liquor concentration. Orthogonal test method was used to calculate and analyze the influence of each factor, and the interaction between the factors could be obtained. When the regulation of leaching agent concentration was 4%, leaching agent dosage is 180 mL, seams height is211 mm, and the leaching agent flow rate is 2 mL/min, top water dosage is 20 mL, the moisture content is about 5%, higher leaching rate and average concentrations can be obtained(leaching rate is 97.87%, average concentration of rare earth is 2.52 g/L). By controlling the main factors of chemical leaching and optimizing the conditions of the secondary factors in the leaching process, the extraction of the ion-type rare earth ores can be realized efficiently and effectively.
Because of the complex nature of ion-type rare earth ore, special existing state of rare earth element, the unique properties of clay minerals are not conducive to the chemical leaching of rare earth.It is difficult to recover comprehensively. In order to reveal the chemical leaching mechanism of ion-type rare ore, explore the leaching process optimization measures. This paper takes Jiangxi Longnan ion-type rare earth ore as the research object, using indoor leaching method to simulate the in-situ leaching process,carrying out chemical leaching mechanism and influence factors of the system and its optimization. The results show that the leaching agent concentration is higher, flow rate is faster, the rare earth leaching rate is high. Water content is too large, seam height is too high will affect the ore leaching efficiency, reducing rate of rare earth ions and leaching liquor concentration. Orthogonal test method was used to calculate and analyze the influence of each factor, and the interaction between the factors could be obtained. When the regulation of leaching agent concentration was 4%, leaching agent dosage is 180 mL, seams height is211 mm, and the leaching agent flow rate is 2 mL/min, top water dosage is 20 mL, the moisture content is about 5%, higher leaching rate and average concentrations can be obtained(leaching rate is 97.87%, average concentration of rare earth is 2.52 g/L). By controlling the main factors of chemical leaching and optimizing the conditions of the secondary factors in the leaching process, the extraction of the ion-type rare earth ores can be realized efficiently and effectively.
引文
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[2]李天煜,熊治廷.南方离子型稀土矿开发中的资源环境问题与对策[J].国土与自然资源研究,2003(3):42-44.
[3]周晓文,温德新,罗仙平.南方离子型稀土矿提取技术研究现状及展望[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012,3(6):81-85.
[4]朱文杰,张原庆,王玉福.中国稀土资源开发利用现状问题及建议-以白云鄂博矿南方七省离子型吸附型冕宁矿为例[J].山东国土资源,2015,31(10):32-37.
[5]张俊,毛志忠,贾润达,等.金氰化浸出过程自适应优化[J].化工学报,2014,65(12):4890-4897.
[6]范晨子,张誉,陈郑辉,等.江西赣南风化淋滤型稀土矿床中的粘土矿物研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2015,34(6):803-810.
[7]A.G.Kholmogorov,O.N.Kononova,S.V.Kachin,et al.Study of Sorption Properties of Anion Exchangers with LongChained Cross-Linking Agents for Tungsten Hydrometallurgy[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2000,V8(3):241-246.
[8]王圣瑞,焦立新,金相灿,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物总氮、可交换态氮与固定态铵的赋存特征[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(1):37-43.
[9]卢盛良,卢朝辉,吴南萍,等.离子型稀土矿控速淋浸工艺研究[J].湿法冶金,1993,3(63):34-39.
[10]方夕辉,朱冬梅,邱廷省,等.离子型稀土矿抑杂浸出中抑铝剂的研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012,3(3):51-55.
[11]Wu Biao,Shang He,Wen Jiankang.Sulfuric acid leaching of low-grade refractory tantalum-niobium and associated rare earth minerals in Panxi area of China[J].Rare Metals,2015,34(3):202-206.
[12]孙仁远,张云飞,范坤坤,等.页岩中黏土矿物吸附特性分子模拟[J].化工学报,2015,66(6):2118-2122.
[13]Zhang Suhua,An Hailong,Liu Yuzhi,etal.Effect of ionchannel interaction permeability of NaK channel[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2011,60(4):271-277.
[14]邹丽萍.低品位离子型稀土矿提取过程优化研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2014.
[15]杨幼明,王莉,肖敏,等.离子型稀土矿浸出过程主要物质浸出规律研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2016,7(3):125-130.