进口技术结构、知识流与出口技术复杂度提升——基于省级动态面板系统GMM模型的实证分析
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摘要
文章通过测度HS海关编码的20类商品的进、出口技术复杂度,探索中国31各省级行政区划的进、出口技术复杂度。基于知识流的视角,探索进口技术结构优化对出口技术复杂度提升的影响机制,并通过构建省级动态面板系统GMM模型进行实证。研究结果表明:进口技术结构的优化通过技术过境平移、技术溢出推动、市场竞争引致在大时空范畴内显著影响中国宏观出口技术复杂度的提升;知识流载体中信息流、资金流显著影响出口技术复杂度的提升,技术流与商流对出口技术复杂度的影响不显著,人才流的影响不明显。
This paper;by measuring the import and export technoly complexity of 20 types of goods by HS code,explores the import and export technical complexity of 31 provincial-level administrative areas in China.From the perspective of knowledge flow,the paper probes into the influential mechanism of the optimization of import technology structure on the improvement of export technology complexity,and empirically tests it by constructing the provincial-level dynamic panel system GMM model.The study results show that:The optimization of import technology structure has a significant impact on the promotion of China's macro export technology complexity in a large spatial-temporal context through technology transit translation,technology spillover facilitation and market competition;The information flow and the capital flow in knowledge flow carriers significantly affect the improvement of export technology complexity.The technology flow and the business flow have no significant impacts on export technology complexity,and the influence of talent flow is not obvious.
This paper;by measuring the import and export technoly complexity of 20 types of goods by HS code,explores the import and export technical complexity of 31 provincial-level administrative areas in China.From the perspective of knowledge flow,the paper probes into the influential mechanism of the optimization of import technology structure on the improvement of export technology complexity,and empirically tests it by constructing the provincial-level dynamic panel system GMM model.The study results show that:The optimization of import technology structure has a significant impact on the promotion of China's macro export technology complexity in a large spatial-temporal context through technology transit translation,technology spillover facilitation and market competition;The information flow and the capital flow in knowledge flow carriers significantly affect the improvement of export technology complexity.The technology flow and the business flow have no significant impacts on export technology complexity,and the influence of talent flow is not obvious.
引文
[1]LICHTENTHALER U.Open Innovation:Past Research,Cur-rent Debates,and Future Directions[J]. Academy of Manage-ment Perspectives,2011,25(1):75-93.
[2]KLINE S J,ROSENBERG N. An Overview of Innovation[C]//LANDAU R,ROSENBERG N. The Positive Sum Strategy:Harnessing Technology for Economics Growth. WashingtonD.C:National Academy Press,1986:275-305.
[3]COE D T,HELPMAN E. International R&D Spillovers[J].European Economic Review,1995,39(5):859-887.
[4]SJ?HOLM F. International Transfer of Knowledge:the Roleof International Trade and Geographic Proximity[J].Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv,1996,132(1):97-115.
[5]蒋仁爱,冯根福.贸易、FDI、无形技术外溢与中国技术进步[J].管理世界,2012(9):49-60.
[6]CASCLLI F,COLEMAN W J. Cross-country technology dif-fusion:the case of computers[J]. American Economic Re-view,2001,91:328-335.
[7]GRUPP F. Spillover effects and the science base of innova-tions reconsidered:an empirical approach[J]. Journal ofEvolutionary Economics,1996,6(2):175-197.
[8]ARISTEI D,CASTCLLANI D,FRANCO C. Firms’exportingand importing activities:is there a two-way relationship?[J]. Review of World Economics,2013,149(1):55-84.
[9]王永进,盛丹,施炳展,等.基础设施如何提升了出口技术复杂度?[J].经济研究,2010(7):103-115.
[10]马淑琴,谢杰.网络基础设施与制造业出口技术含量——跨国数据的动态面板系统GMM检验[J].中国工业经济,2013(2):70-82.
[11]祝树金,曾成玉.进口技术溢出对出口技术复杂度的影响研究——基于知识源异质性视角[J].广西社会科学,2015(12):77-84.
[12]郭娟娟,李平.出口技术复杂度、偏向型技术进步与经济增长[J].亚太经济,2015(4):116-123.
[13]陆云航.出口技术复杂度对全要素生产率的影响:跨国经验研究[J].经济学家,2015(4):51-58.
[14]郑展鹏,王洋东.国际技术溢出、人力资本与出口技术复杂度[J].经济学家,2017(1):97-104.
[15]耿伟,李占霞.进口技术复杂度与中国企业加成率[J].现代财经,2018(1):53-67.
[16]MICHAELY M. Trade,Income Levels and Dependence[M].Amsterdam:North-Holland Publishing Company,1984:175-194.
[17]HAUSMANN R,RODRIK D. Economic development asself-discovery[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2003,72(2):603-633.
[18]KUMAKURA M. What’s So Special about China’s Ex-ports? A Comment[J]. China&World Economy,2007,15(5):18-37.
[19]祝树金,奉晓丽.我国进口贸易技术结构的变迁分析与国际比较:1985-2008[J].财贸经济,2011(8):87-93+137.
[20]HAUSMANN R,WANG J H,RODRIK D. What you exportmatters[J]. Journal of Economic Growth,2007,12(1):1-25.
(1)图为STATA13导出的分省进、出口技术复杂度,其中分省序列号1,2,3,…,31分别为安徽、北京、福建、甘肃、广东、广西、贵州、海南、河北、河南、黑龙江、湖北、湖南、吉林、江苏、江西、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、山东、山西、陕西、上海、四川、天津、西藏、新疆、云南、浙江、重庆。
[2]KLINE S J,ROSENBERG N. An Overview of Innovation[C]//LANDAU R,ROSENBERG N. The Positive Sum Strategy:Harnessing Technology for Economics Growth. WashingtonD.C:National Academy Press,1986:275-305.
[3]COE D T,HELPMAN E. International R&D Spillovers[J].European Economic Review,1995,39(5):859-887.
[4]SJ?HOLM F. International Transfer of Knowledge:the Roleof International Trade and Geographic Proximity[J].Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv,1996,132(1):97-115.
[5]蒋仁爱,冯根福.贸易、FDI、无形技术外溢与中国技术进步[J].管理世界,2012(9):49-60.
[6]CASCLLI F,COLEMAN W J. Cross-country technology dif-fusion:the case of computers[J]. American Economic Re-view,2001,91:328-335.
[7]GRUPP F. Spillover effects and the science base of innova-tions reconsidered:an empirical approach[J]. Journal ofEvolutionary Economics,1996,6(2):175-197.
[8]ARISTEI D,CASTCLLANI D,FRANCO C. Firms’exportingand importing activities:is there a two-way relationship?[J]. Review of World Economics,2013,149(1):55-84.
[9]王永进,盛丹,施炳展,等.基础设施如何提升了出口技术复杂度?[J].经济研究,2010(7):103-115.
[10]马淑琴,谢杰.网络基础设施与制造业出口技术含量——跨国数据的动态面板系统GMM检验[J].中国工业经济,2013(2):70-82.
[11]祝树金,曾成玉.进口技术溢出对出口技术复杂度的影响研究——基于知识源异质性视角[J].广西社会科学,2015(12):77-84.
[12]郭娟娟,李平.出口技术复杂度、偏向型技术进步与经济增长[J].亚太经济,2015(4):116-123.
[13]陆云航.出口技术复杂度对全要素生产率的影响:跨国经验研究[J].经济学家,2015(4):51-58.
[14]郑展鹏,王洋东.国际技术溢出、人力资本与出口技术复杂度[J].经济学家,2017(1):97-104.
[15]耿伟,李占霞.进口技术复杂度与中国企业加成率[J].现代财经,2018(1):53-67.
[16]MICHAELY M. Trade,Income Levels and Dependence[M].Amsterdam:North-Holland Publishing Company,1984:175-194.
[17]HAUSMANN R,RODRIK D. Economic development asself-discovery[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2003,72(2):603-633.
[18]KUMAKURA M. What’s So Special about China’s Ex-ports? A Comment[J]. China&World Economy,2007,15(5):18-37.
[19]祝树金,奉晓丽.我国进口贸易技术结构的变迁分析与国际比较:1985-2008[J].财贸经济,2011(8):87-93+137.
[20]HAUSMANN R,WANG J H,RODRIK D. What you exportmatters[J]. Journal of Economic Growth,2007,12(1):1-25.
(1)图为STATA13导出的分省进、出口技术复杂度,其中分省序列号1,2,3,…,31分别为安徽、北京、福建、甘肃、广东、广西、贵州、海南、河北、河南、黑龙江、湖北、湖南、吉林、江苏、江西、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、山东、山西、陕西、上海、四川、天津、西藏、新疆、云南、浙江、重庆。
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