俯冲带变质过程中的含碳流体
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摘要
俯冲带含碳岩石通过俯冲过程的变质反应生成了含碳水流体、富硅酸盐的超临界流体和含碳熔体。不同类型流体的形成与岩石成分和岩石经历的温压条件相关。岩石中碳酸盐矿物脱碳反应的温压条件取决于岩石起初的流体成分:有水存在时,反应发生在低温条件下。在高压条件下,碳酸盐矿物在水或含盐水流体的溶解是生成含碳流体重要的机制,其导致的碳迁移作用可能超过脱碳变质反应的作用。高温条件下,含碳岩石的部分熔融可以生成含碳的熔体,这在热俯冲环境和俯冲带岩石底辟到上覆地幔的情况下是碳迁移重要载体。富硅酸盐的超临界流体可能是在第二临界端点上形成的超临界流体,目前在超高压岩石中观察到的非花岗质成分的多相固体包裹体被认为是这种流体结晶的产物,然而对其理解尚存在很多问题,需要进一步的实验研究。地表含碳岩石在俯冲带被带到深部,俯冲带地温特征的不同导致了不同类型含碳流体的形成,这些流体运移至上覆地幔引起岩石部分熔融产生含碳的岛弧岩浆,岩浆喷出到地表释放了其中的碳,这构成了俯冲带-岛弧系统的碳循环。
Carbon-bearing rocks in subduction zones produce carbon-bearing aqueous fluids,silicate-rich supercritical fluids and carbon-bearing melts by metamorphic reactions during the subduction process. The formation of different fluid types relies on the compositions of rocks and the P-T conditions that the rocks suffered. The P-T conditions of carbonate devolatilization reactions depend on the initial compositions of fluids,and in the presence of H2 O,the reactions occur at decreasing temperature conditions. At the highpressure conditions,the dissolution of carbonate minerals in fluid is substantial mechanism for formation of carbon-bearing fluid,which parobably plays more important role than that of carbonate devolatilization reactions for carbon removal of rocks. In high-temperature circumstances such as hot subduction zones and in the case of diapirs of the rocks of subduction zones into mantle wedge,partial melting of carbon-bearing rocks can produce carbon-bearing melts that are responsible for carbon migration. Silicate-rich supercritical fluids probably form above the second critical endpoint,and multiphase solid inclusions observed in some minerals of UHP rocks were considered to be crystallized from such fluids. However,there are many open questions,and more experiments need for such interpretation. Carbon-bearing rocks in subduction zones were brought into deep mantle by subduction,and produce different types of carbon-bearing fluids in terms of different geotherms of subduction zones. The migration of carbon-bearing fluids into mantle wedge results in formation of carbon-bearing arc magmas,and subducted carbon is finally released to the surface in the eruptive process of the magmas,which makes the cycle of carbon in subduction zone-island arc system.
Carbon-bearing rocks in subduction zones produce carbon-bearing aqueous fluids,silicate-rich supercritical fluids and carbon-bearing melts by metamorphic reactions during the subduction process. The formation of different fluid types relies on the compositions of rocks and the P-T conditions that the rocks suffered. The P-T conditions of carbonate devolatilization reactions depend on the initial compositions of fluids,and in the presence of H2 O,the reactions occur at decreasing temperature conditions. At the highpressure conditions,the dissolution of carbonate minerals in fluid is substantial mechanism for formation of carbon-bearing fluid,which parobably plays more important role than that of carbonate devolatilization reactions for carbon removal of rocks. In high-temperature circumstances such as hot subduction zones and in the case of diapirs of the rocks of subduction zones into mantle wedge,partial melting of carbon-bearing rocks can produce carbon-bearing melts that are responsible for carbon migration. Silicate-rich supercritical fluids probably form above the second critical endpoint,and multiphase solid inclusions observed in some minerals of UHP rocks were considered to be crystallized from such fluids. However,there are many open questions,and more experiments need for such interpretation. Carbon-bearing rocks in subduction zones were brought into deep mantle by subduction,and produce different types of carbon-bearing fluids in terms of different geotherms of subduction zones. The migration of carbon-bearing fluids into mantle wedge results in formation of carbon-bearing arc magmas,and subducted carbon is finally released to the surface in the eruptive process of the magmas,which makes the cycle of carbon in subduction zone-island arc system.
引文
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Cesare B,Acosta-Vigil A,Bartoli O and Ferrero S.2015.What can we learn from melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites?Lithos,239:186-216
Dasgupta R and Hirschmann MM.2010.The deep carbon cycle and melting in Earth’s interior.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,298(1-2):1-13
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Ferrero S,Bartoli O,Cesare B,Salvioli-Mariani E,Acosta-Vigil A,Cavallo A,Groppo C and Battiston S.2012.Microstructures of melt inclusions in anatectic metasedimentary rocks.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,30(3):303-322
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Ferrero S,Ziemann MA,Angel RJ,O’Brien PJ and Wunder B.2016.Kumdykolite,kokchetavite,and cristobalite crystallized in nanogranites from felsic granulites,Orlica-Snieznik Dome(Bohemian Massif):Not evidence for ultrahigh-pressure conditions.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,171:3
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Frezzotti ML and Ferrando S.2015.The chemical behavior of fluids released during deep subduction based on fluid inclusions.American Mineralogist,100(2-3):352-377
Fu B,Touret JLR and Zheng YF.2001.Remnants of pre-metamorphic fluid and oxygen-isotopic signatures in eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite from the Dabie-Sulu terranes,eastern China.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,21:561-578
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Fu B,Touret JLR and Zheng YF.2003a.Remnants of premetamorphic fluid and oxygen isotopic signatures in eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite from the Dabie-Sulu terranes,eastern China.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,21(6):561-578
Fu B,Touret JLR,Zheng YF and Jahn BM.2003b.Fluid inclusions in granulites,granulitized eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenites from the Dabie-Sulu terranes,eastern China.Lithos,70(3-4):293-319
Gao XY,Zheng YF and Chen YX.2012.Dehydration melting of ultrahigh-pressure eclogite in the Dabie orogen:Evidence from multiphase solid inclusions in garnet.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,30(2):193-212
Gao XY,Zheng YF,Chen YX and Hu Z.2013.Trace element composition of continentally subducted slab-derived melt:Insight from multiphase solid inclusions in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite in the Dabie orogen.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,31(4):453-468
Gao XY,Zheng YF,Chen YX and Hu Z.2014.Composite carbonate and silicate multiphase solid inclusions in metamorphic garnet from ultrahigh-P eclogite in the Dabie orogeny.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,32(9):961-980
Hayes JM and Waldbauer JR.2006.The carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,361(1470):931-950
Heinrich W.2007.Fluid immiscibility in metamorphic rocks.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,65(1):389-430
Hermann J,Spandler C,Hack A and Korsakov AV.2006.Aqueous fluids and hydrous melts in high-pressure and ultra-high pressure rocks:Implications for element transfer in subduction zones.Lithos,92(3-4):399-417
Holness MB and Sawyer EW.2008.On the pseudomorphing of melt-filled pores during the crystallization of migmatites.Journal of Petrology,49(7):1343-1363
Hwang SL,Shen PY,Chu HT,Yui TF and Lin CC.2001.Genesis of microdiamonds from melt and associated multiphase inclusions in garnet of ultrahigh-pressure gneiss from Erzgebirge,Germany.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,188(1-2):9-15
Hwang SL,Shen PY,Yui TF and Chu HT.2003.Metal-sulfur-COH-silicate fluid mediated diamond nucleation in Kokchetav ultrahighpressure gneiss.European Journal of Mineralogy,15(3):503-511
Hwang SL,Shen PY,Chu HT,Yui TF,Liou JG,Sobolev NV,Zhang RY,Shatsky VS and Zayachkovsky AA.2004.Kokchetavite:A new potassium-feldspar polymorph from the Kokchetav ultrahigh-pressure terrane.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,148(3):380-389
Hwang SL,Shen PY,Chu HT,Yui TF,Liou JG and Sobolev NV.2009.Kumdykolite,an orthorhombic polymorph of albite,from the Kokchetav ultrahigh-pressure massif,Kazakhstan.European Journal of Mineralogy,21(6):1325-1334
Kerrick DM and Connolly JAD.2001.Metamorphic devolatilization of subducted marine sediments and the transport of volatiles into the Earth’s mantle.Nature,411(6835):293-296
Kessel R,Ulmer P,Pettke T,Schmidt MW and Thompson AB.2005a.The water-basalt system at 4 to 6GPa:Phase relations and second critical endpoint in a K-free eclogite at 700 to 1400℃.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,273(3-4):873-892
Kessel R,Schmidt MW,Ulmer P and Pettke T.2005b.Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids,melts and supercritical liquids at120~180km depth.Nature,437(7059):724-727
Korsakov AV,Theunissen K and Smirnova LV.2004.Intergranular diamonds derived from partial melting of crustal rocks at ultrahighpressure metamorphic conditions.Terra Nova,16(3):146-151
Korsakov AV and Hermann J.2006.Silicate and carbonate melt inclusions associated with diamonds in deeply subducted carbonate rocks.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,241(1-2):104-118
Liu FL,Robinson PT,Gerdes A,Xue HM,Liu PH and Liou JG.2010.Zircon U-Pb ages,REE concentrations and Hf isotope compositions of granitic leucosome and pegmatite from the north Sulu UHP terrane in China:Constraints on the timing and nature of partial melting.Lithos,117(1-4):247-268
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