Understanding the multifunctionality in Cu-doped BiVO_4 semiconductor photocatalyst
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摘要
A visible light-induced, Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst was synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic efficiency was investigated in the degradation of model water pollutants like Methylene Blue(dye) and ibuprofen(pharmaceuticals), as well as the inactivation of Escherichia coli(bacteria). The Cu-doped BiVO4 samples showed better efficiency than undoped BiVO_4, and the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 sample showed the best efficiency. The degradation of Methylene Blue reached 95%, while the degradation of ibuprofen reached 75%, and the inactivation of E. coli reached 85% in irradiation with visible light. The appearance of additional absorption band shoulders and widening of the optical absorption in the visible range makes the prepared powder an efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst. Moreover, the formation of an in-gap energy state just above the valance band as determined by density functional theory(DFT) first principle calculation, facilitates the wider optical absorption range of the doped system. Similarly, this in-gap energy state also acts as an electron trap, which is favorable for the efficient separation and photoexcited charge carriers' transfer process. The formation of oxygen vacancies due to doping also improved the separation of the charge carrier, which promoted the trapping of electrons and inhibited electron hole recombination, thus increasing the photocatalytic activity. No decrease in the efficiency of the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst in the degradation of ibuprofen over three consecutive cycles revealed the stability of the photocatalyst towards photocorrosion. These findings highlight the multifunctional applications of Cu-doped BiVO_4 in wastewater containing multiple pollutants.
A visible light-induced, Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst was synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic efficiency was investigated in the degradation of model water pollutants like Methylene Blue(dye) and ibuprofen(pharmaceuticals), as well as the inactivation of Escherichia coli(bacteria). The Cu-doped BiVO4 samples showed better efficiency than undoped BiVO_4, and the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 sample showed the best efficiency. The degradation of Methylene Blue reached 95%, while the degradation of ibuprofen reached 75%, and the inactivation of E. coli reached 85% in irradiation with visible light. The appearance of additional absorption band shoulders and widening of the optical absorption in the visible range makes the prepared powder an efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst. Moreover, the formation of an in-gap energy state just above the valance band as determined by density functional theory(DFT) first principle calculation, facilitates the wider optical absorption range of the doped system. Similarly, this in-gap energy state also acts as an electron trap, which is favorable for the efficient separation and photoexcited charge carriers' transfer process. The formation of oxygen vacancies due to doping also improved the separation of the charge carrier, which promoted the trapping of electrons and inhibited electron hole recombination, thus increasing the photocatalytic activity. No decrease in the efficiency of the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst in the degradation of ibuprofen over three consecutive cycles revealed the stability of the photocatalyst towards photocorrosion. These findings highlight the multifunctional applications of Cu-doped BiVO_4 in wastewater containing multiple pollutants.
A visible light-induced, Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst was synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic efficiency was investigated in the degradation of model water pollutants like Methylene Blue(dye) and ibuprofen(pharmaceuticals), as well as the inactivation of Escherichia coli(bacteria). The Cu-doped BiVO4 samples showed better efficiency than undoped BiVO_4, and the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 sample showed the best efficiency. The degradation of Methylene Blue reached 95%, while the degradation of ibuprofen reached 75%, and the inactivation of E. coli reached 85% in irradiation with visible light. The appearance of additional absorption band shoulders and widening of the optical absorption in the visible range makes the prepared powder an efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst. Moreover, the formation of an in-gap energy state just above the valance band as determined by density functional theory(DFT) first principle calculation, facilitates the wider optical absorption range of the doped system. Similarly, this in-gap energy state also acts as an electron trap, which is favorable for the efficient separation and photoexcited charge carriers' transfer process. The formation of oxygen vacancies due to doping also improved the separation of the charge carrier, which promoted the trapping of electrons and inhibited electron hole recombination, thus increasing the photocatalytic activity. No decrease in the efficiency of the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst in the degradation of ibuprofen over three consecutive cycles revealed the stability of the photocatalyst towards photocorrosion. These findings highlight the multifunctional applications of Cu-doped BiVO_4 in wastewater containing multiple pollutants.
引文
Amin,M.T.,Alazba,A.A.,Manzoor,U.,2014.A review of removal of pollutants from water/wastewater using different types of nanomaterials.Adv.Mater.Sci.Eng.2014,1-24.
Bl?chl,P.E.,1994.Projector augmented-wave method.Phys.Rev.B50,17953-17979.
Chen,P.,2016.A promising strategy to fabricate the Cu/BiVO4photocatalysts and their enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities.J.Mater.Sci.Mater.Electron.27,2394-2403.
Chen,X.,Li,L.,Yi,T.,Zhang,W.,Zhang,X.,Wang,L.,2015.Microwave assisted synthesis of sheet-like Cu/BiVO4and its activities of various photocatalytic conditions.J.Solid State Chem.229,141-149.
Choina,J.,Kosslick,H.,Fischer,C.,Flechsig,G.U.,Frunza,L.,Schulz,A.,2013.Photocatalytic decomposition of pharmaceutical ibuprofen pollutions in water over titania catalyst.Appl.Catal.B Environ.129,589-598.
Das,R.,2014.Application photocatalysis for treatment of industrial wastewater-a short review.OALib 1,1-17.
Dudarev,S.L.,Botton,G.A.,Savrasov,S.Y.,Humphreys,C.J.,Sutton,A.P.,1998.Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide:an LSDA+U study.Phys.Rev.B 57,1505-1509.
Fang,Z.,Yang,J.,Cao,Y.,Zhu,L.,Zhang,Q.,Shu,D.,et al.,2013.Disinfection of E.coli using visible-light-driven photocatalyst.Procedia Environ.Sci.18,503-508.
Fu,Y.,Sun,X.,Wang,X.,2011.BiVO4-graphene catalyst and its high photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation.Mater.Chem.Phys.131,325-330.
Ge,L.,2008a.Novel visible-light-driven Pt/BiVO4photocatalyst for efficient degradation of methyl orange.J.Mol.Catal.A Chem.282,62-66.
Ge,L.,2008b.Novel Pd/BiVO4composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation.Mater.Chem.Phys.107,465-470.
Gu,S.,Li,W.,Wang,F.,Li,H.,Zhou,H.,2016.Substitution of Ce(III,IV)ions for Bi in BiVO4and its enhanced impact on visible light-driven photocatalytic activities.Catal.Sci.Technol.6,1870-1881.
Hohenberg,P.,Kohn,W.,1964.Inhomogeneous electron gas.Phys.Rev.B 136,864-871.
Iwase,A.,Kudo,A.,2010.Photoelectrochemical water splitting using visible-light-responsive BiVO4fine particles prepared in an aqueous acetic acid solution.J.Mater.Chem.20,7536-7542.
Jiang,Z.,Liu,Y.,Jing,T.,Huang,B.,Zhang,X.,Qin,X.,et al.,2016.Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4for oxygen evolution by Ce doping:Ce3+ions as hole traps.J.Phys.Chem.C 120,2058-2063.
Ju,P.,Wang,Y.,Sun,Y.,Zhang,D.,2016.Controllable one-pot synthesis of a nest-like Bi2WO6/BiVO4composite with enhanced photocatalytic antifouling performance under visible light irradiation.Dalton Trans.45,4588-4602.
Kim,J.H.,Lee,J.S.,2014.BiVO4-based heterostructured photocatalysts for solar water splitting:a review.Energy Environ.Focus 3,339-353.
Kohn,W.,Sham,L.J.,1965.Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects.Phys.Rev.140,1133-1138.
Kresse,G.,Furthmüller,J.,1996a.Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set.Phys.Rev.B 54,11169-11186.
Kresse,G.,Furthmüller,J.,1996b.Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set.Comput.Mater.Sci.6,15-50.
Kumar,D.P.,Mohamed,A.R.,Bhatia,S.,2002.Wastewater treatment using photocatalysis:destruction of methylene blue dye from wastewater streams.J.Kejuruteraan 14,17-30.
Lazar,M.A.,Varghese,S.,Nair,S.S.,2012.Photocatalytic water treatment by titanium dioxide:recent updates.Catalysts 2,572-601.
Li,D.,Wang,W.,Jiang,D.,Zheng,Y.,Li,X.,2015.Surfactant-free hydrothermal fabrication of monoclinic BiVO4photocatalyst with oxygen vacancies by copper doping.RSC Adv.5,14374-14381.
Liu,K.J.,Chang,Z.D.,Li,W.J.,Che,P.C.,Zhou,H.L.,2012.Preparation,characterization of Mo,Ag-loaded BiVO4and comparison of their degradation of methylene blue.Sci.China Chem.55,1770-1775.
Luo,Y.,Tan,G.,Dong,G.,Zhang,L.,Huang,J.,Yang,W.,et al.,2015.Structural transformation of Sm3+doped BiVO4with high photocatalytic activity under simulated sun-light.Appl.Surf.Sci.324,505-511.
Merupo,V.-I.,Velumani,S.,Ordon,K.,Errien,N.,Szade,J.,Kassiba A.-H.,2015.Structural and optical characterization of ball-milled copper-doped bismuth vanadium oxide(BiVO4).CrystEngComm 17,3366-3375.
Merupo,V.I.,Velumani,S.,Oza,G.,Tabellout,M.,Bizarro,M.,Coste,S.,et al.,2016.High energy ball-milling synthesis of nanostructured Ag-doped and BiVO4-based photocatalysts.Chem.Sel.1,1278-1286.
Nagabhushana,G.P.,Nagaraju,G.,Chandrappa,G.T.,2013.Synthesis of bismuth vanadate:its application in H2evolution and sunlight-driven photodegradation.J.Mater.Chem.A 1,388-394.
Parmar,K.P.S.,Kang,H.J.,Bist,A.,Dua,P.,Jang,J.S.,Lee,J.S.,2012.Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water oxidation over metal-doped monoclinic BiVO4photoanodes.ChemSusChem5,1926-1934.
Pauly,N.,Tougaard,S.,Yubero,F.,2014.Determination of the Cu2p primary excitation spectra for Cu,Cu2O and CuO.Surf.Sci.620,17-22.
Perdew,J.P.,Burke,K.,Ernzerhof,M.,1996.Generalized gradient approximation made simple.Phys.Rev.Lett.77,3865-3868.
Perdew,J.P.,Chevary,J.A.,Vosko,S.H.,Jackson,K.A.,Pederson,M.R.Singh,D.J.,et al.,1992.Atoms,molecules,solids,and surfaces:applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation.Phys.Rev.B 46,6671-6687.
Pingmuang,K.,Wetchakun,N.,Kangwansupamonkon,W.,Ounnunkad,K.,Inceesungvorn,B.,Phanichphant,S.,2013.Photocatalytic mineralization of organic acids over visible-light-driven Au/BiVO4photocatalyst.Int.J.Photoenergy2013,1-7.
Regmi,C.,Kshetri,Y.K.,Kim,T.-H.,Pandey,R.P.,Lee,S.W.,2017a.Visible-light-induced Fe-doped BiVO4photocatalyst for contaminated water treatment.Mol.Catal.432,220-231.
Regmi,C.,Kshetri,Y.K.,Kim,T.-H.,Pandey,R.P.,Ray,S.K.,Lee,S.W.,2017b.Fabrication of Ni-doped BiVO4semiconductors with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performances for wastewater treatment.Appl.Surf.Sci.413,253-265.
Regmi,C.,Kshetri,Y.K.,Ray,S.K.,Pandey,R.P.,Lee,S.W.,2017c.Utilization of visible to NIR light energy by Yb+3,Er+3and Tm+3doped BiVO4for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.Appl.Surf.Sci.392,61-70.
Rodríguez-Chueca,J.,Ormad,M.P.,Mosteo,R.,Canalis,S.,Ovelleiro J.L.,2015.Escherichia coli inactivation in fresh water through photocatalysis with TiO2-effect of H2O2on disinfection kinetics.CASWAC 43,515-524.
Shan,L.,Liu,H.,Wang,G.,2015.Preparation of tungsten-doped BiVO4and enhanced photocatalytic activity.J.Nanopart.Res.17,181-190.
Stampfl,C.,Van De Walle,C.G.,1999.Density-functional calculations for III-V nitrides using the local-density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation.Phys.Rev.B 59,5521-5535.
Sugakov,V.I.,Yatskevich,S.A.,1992.Tunneling of charged particles through a crystal with narrow conduction band in the presence of an electric field.Phys.Status Solidi B 173,601-606.
Wadnerkar,N.,English,N.J.,2013.Density functional theory investigations of bismuth vanadate:effect of hybrid Understanding the multifunctionality in functionals.Comput.Mater.Sci.74,33-39.
Wang,P.,Zheng,J.Y.,Zhang,D.,Kang,Y.S.,2015.Selective construction of junctions on different facets of BiVO4 for enhancing photo-activity.New J.Chem.39,9918-9925.
Xing,Y.,Wang,J.,Chen,L.,Wang,A.,Li,F.,Wang,C.,et al.,2016.Synthesis and characterization of Cu-Bi VO4/MCM-41 composite catalysts with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities.J.Mater.Sci.Mater.Electron.27,8633-8640.
Xu,H.,Li,H.,Wu,C.,Chu,J.,Yan,Y.,Shu,H.,et al.,2008.Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic properties of Cu-loaded BiVO4.J.Hazard.Mater.153,877-884.
Xu,Y.H.,Liu,C.J.,Chen,M.-J.,Liu,Y.Q.,2011.A review in visible-light-driven BiVO4 photocatalysts.Int.J.Nanopart.4,268-283.
Yan,M.,Wu,Y.,Yan,Y.,Yan,X.,Zhu,F.,Hua,Y.,et al.,2016.Synthesis and characterization of novel BiVO4/Ag3VO4heterojunction with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes.ACS Sustain.Chem.Eng.4,757-766.
Zhao,Z.,Dai,H.,Deng,J.,Liu,Y.,Wang,Y.,Li,X.,et al.,2013.Porous FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08:highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue under visible-light illumination.J.Environ.Sci.25,2138-2149.
Zhou,D.,Pang,L.-X.,Guo,J.,Qi,Z.-M.,Shao,T.,Wang,Q.-P.,et al.,2014.Influence of Ce substitution for Bi in BiVO4 and the impact on the phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties.Inorg.Chem.53,1048-1055.
Zhou,B.,Zhao,X.,Liu,H.,Qu,J.,Huang,C.P.,2011.Synthesis of visible-light sensitive M-BiVO4(M=Ag,Co,and Ni)for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.Sep.Purif.Technol.77,275-282.
Bl?chl,P.E.,1994.Projector augmented-wave method.Phys.Rev.B50,17953-17979.
Chen,P.,2016.A promising strategy to fabricate the Cu/BiVO4photocatalysts and their enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities.J.Mater.Sci.Mater.Electron.27,2394-2403.
Chen,X.,Li,L.,Yi,T.,Zhang,W.,Zhang,X.,Wang,L.,2015.Microwave assisted synthesis of sheet-like Cu/BiVO4and its activities of various photocatalytic conditions.J.Solid State Chem.229,141-149.
Choina,J.,Kosslick,H.,Fischer,C.,Flechsig,G.U.,Frunza,L.,Schulz,A.,2013.Photocatalytic decomposition of pharmaceutical ibuprofen pollutions in water over titania catalyst.Appl.Catal.B Environ.129,589-598.
Das,R.,2014.Application photocatalysis for treatment of industrial wastewater-a short review.OALib 1,1-17.
Dudarev,S.L.,Botton,G.A.,Savrasov,S.Y.,Humphreys,C.J.,Sutton,A.P.,1998.Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide:an LSDA+U study.Phys.Rev.B 57,1505-1509.
Fang,Z.,Yang,J.,Cao,Y.,Zhu,L.,Zhang,Q.,Shu,D.,et al.,2013.Disinfection of E.coli using visible-light-driven photocatalyst.Procedia Environ.Sci.18,503-508.
Fu,Y.,Sun,X.,Wang,X.,2011.BiVO4-graphene catalyst and its high photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation.Mater.Chem.Phys.131,325-330.
Ge,L.,2008a.Novel visible-light-driven Pt/BiVO4photocatalyst for efficient degradation of methyl orange.J.Mol.Catal.A Chem.282,62-66.
Ge,L.,2008b.Novel Pd/BiVO4composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation.Mater.Chem.Phys.107,465-470.
Gu,S.,Li,W.,Wang,F.,Li,H.,Zhou,H.,2016.Substitution of Ce(III,IV)ions for Bi in BiVO4and its enhanced impact on visible light-driven photocatalytic activities.Catal.Sci.Technol.6,1870-1881.
Hohenberg,P.,Kohn,W.,1964.Inhomogeneous electron gas.Phys.Rev.B 136,864-871.
Iwase,A.,Kudo,A.,2010.Photoelectrochemical water splitting using visible-light-responsive BiVO4fine particles prepared in an aqueous acetic acid solution.J.Mater.Chem.20,7536-7542.
Jiang,Z.,Liu,Y.,Jing,T.,Huang,B.,Zhang,X.,Qin,X.,et al.,2016.Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4for oxygen evolution by Ce doping:Ce3+ions as hole traps.J.Phys.Chem.C 120,2058-2063.
Ju,P.,Wang,Y.,Sun,Y.,Zhang,D.,2016.Controllable one-pot synthesis of a nest-like Bi2WO6/BiVO4composite with enhanced photocatalytic antifouling performance under visible light irradiation.Dalton Trans.45,4588-4602.
Kim,J.H.,Lee,J.S.,2014.BiVO4-based heterostructured photocatalysts for solar water splitting:a review.Energy Environ.Focus 3,339-353.
Kohn,W.,Sham,L.J.,1965.Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects.Phys.Rev.140,1133-1138.
Kresse,G.,Furthmüller,J.,1996a.Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set.Phys.Rev.B 54,11169-11186.
Kresse,G.,Furthmüller,J.,1996b.Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set.Comput.Mater.Sci.6,15-50.
Kumar,D.P.,Mohamed,A.R.,Bhatia,S.,2002.Wastewater treatment using photocatalysis:destruction of methylene blue dye from wastewater streams.J.Kejuruteraan 14,17-30.
Lazar,M.A.,Varghese,S.,Nair,S.S.,2012.Photocatalytic water treatment by titanium dioxide:recent updates.Catalysts 2,572-601.
Li,D.,Wang,W.,Jiang,D.,Zheng,Y.,Li,X.,2015.Surfactant-free hydrothermal fabrication of monoclinic BiVO4photocatalyst with oxygen vacancies by copper doping.RSC Adv.5,14374-14381.
Liu,K.J.,Chang,Z.D.,Li,W.J.,Che,P.C.,Zhou,H.L.,2012.Preparation,characterization of Mo,Ag-loaded BiVO4and comparison of their degradation of methylene blue.Sci.China Chem.55,1770-1775.
Luo,Y.,Tan,G.,Dong,G.,Zhang,L.,Huang,J.,Yang,W.,et al.,2015.Structural transformation of Sm3+doped BiVO4with high photocatalytic activity under simulated sun-light.Appl.Surf.Sci.324,505-511.
Merupo,V.-I.,Velumani,S.,Ordon,K.,Errien,N.,Szade,J.,Kassiba A.-H.,2015.Structural and optical characterization of ball-milled copper-doped bismuth vanadium oxide(BiVO4).CrystEngComm 17,3366-3375.
Merupo,V.I.,Velumani,S.,Oza,G.,Tabellout,M.,Bizarro,M.,Coste,S.,et al.,2016.High energy ball-milling synthesis of nanostructured Ag-doped and BiVO4-based photocatalysts.Chem.Sel.1,1278-1286.
Nagabhushana,G.P.,Nagaraju,G.,Chandrappa,G.T.,2013.Synthesis of bismuth vanadate:its application in H2evolution and sunlight-driven photodegradation.J.Mater.Chem.A 1,388-394.
Parmar,K.P.S.,Kang,H.J.,Bist,A.,Dua,P.,Jang,J.S.,Lee,J.S.,2012.Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water oxidation over metal-doped monoclinic BiVO4photoanodes.ChemSusChem5,1926-1934.
Pauly,N.,Tougaard,S.,Yubero,F.,2014.Determination of the Cu2p primary excitation spectra for Cu,Cu2O and CuO.Surf.Sci.620,17-22.
Perdew,J.P.,Burke,K.,Ernzerhof,M.,1996.Generalized gradient approximation made simple.Phys.Rev.Lett.77,3865-3868.
Perdew,J.P.,Chevary,J.A.,Vosko,S.H.,Jackson,K.A.,Pederson,M.R.Singh,D.J.,et al.,1992.Atoms,molecules,solids,and surfaces:applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation.Phys.Rev.B 46,6671-6687.
Pingmuang,K.,Wetchakun,N.,Kangwansupamonkon,W.,Ounnunkad,K.,Inceesungvorn,B.,Phanichphant,S.,2013.Photocatalytic mineralization of organic acids over visible-light-driven Au/BiVO4photocatalyst.Int.J.Photoenergy2013,1-7.
Regmi,C.,Kshetri,Y.K.,Kim,T.-H.,Pandey,R.P.,Lee,S.W.,2017a.Visible-light-induced Fe-doped BiVO4photocatalyst for contaminated water treatment.Mol.Catal.432,220-231.
Regmi,C.,Kshetri,Y.K.,Kim,T.-H.,Pandey,R.P.,Ray,S.K.,Lee,S.W.,2017b.Fabrication of Ni-doped BiVO4semiconductors with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performances for wastewater treatment.Appl.Surf.Sci.413,253-265.
Regmi,C.,Kshetri,Y.K.,Ray,S.K.,Pandey,R.P.,Lee,S.W.,2017c.Utilization of visible to NIR light energy by Yb+3,Er+3and Tm+3doped BiVO4for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.Appl.Surf.Sci.392,61-70.
Rodríguez-Chueca,J.,Ormad,M.P.,Mosteo,R.,Canalis,S.,Ovelleiro J.L.,2015.Escherichia coli inactivation in fresh water through photocatalysis with TiO2-effect of H2O2on disinfection kinetics.CASWAC 43,515-524.
Shan,L.,Liu,H.,Wang,G.,2015.Preparation of tungsten-doped BiVO4and enhanced photocatalytic activity.J.Nanopart.Res.17,181-190.
Stampfl,C.,Van De Walle,C.G.,1999.Density-functional calculations for III-V nitrides using the local-density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation.Phys.Rev.B 59,5521-5535.
Sugakov,V.I.,Yatskevich,S.A.,1992.Tunneling of charged particles through a crystal with narrow conduction band in the presence of an electric field.Phys.Status Solidi B 173,601-606.
Wadnerkar,N.,English,N.J.,2013.Density functional theory investigations of bismuth vanadate:effect of hybrid Understanding the multifunctionality in functionals.Comput.Mater.Sci.74,33-39.
Wang,P.,Zheng,J.Y.,Zhang,D.,Kang,Y.S.,2015.Selective construction of junctions on different facets of BiVO4 for enhancing photo-activity.New J.Chem.39,9918-9925.
Xing,Y.,Wang,J.,Chen,L.,Wang,A.,Li,F.,Wang,C.,et al.,2016.Synthesis and characterization of Cu-Bi VO4/MCM-41 composite catalysts with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities.J.Mater.Sci.Mater.Electron.27,8633-8640.
Xu,H.,Li,H.,Wu,C.,Chu,J.,Yan,Y.,Shu,H.,et al.,2008.Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic properties of Cu-loaded BiVO4.J.Hazard.Mater.153,877-884.
Xu,Y.H.,Liu,C.J.,Chen,M.-J.,Liu,Y.Q.,2011.A review in visible-light-driven BiVO4 photocatalysts.Int.J.Nanopart.4,268-283.
Yan,M.,Wu,Y.,Yan,Y.,Yan,X.,Zhu,F.,Hua,Y.,et al.,2016.Synthesis and characterization of novel BiVO4/Ag3VO4heterojunction with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes.ACS Sustain.Chem.Eng.4,757-766.
Zhao,Z.,Dai,H.,Deng,J.,Liu,Y.,Wang,Y.,Li,X.,et al.,2013.Porous FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08:highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue under visible-light illumination.J.Environ.Sci.25,2138-2149.
Zhou,D.,Pang,L.-X.,Guo,J.,Qi,Z.-M.,Shao,T.,Wang,Q.-P.,et al.,2014.Influence of Ce substitution for Bi in BiVO4 and the impact on the phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties.Inorg.Chem.53,1048-1055.
Zhou,B.,Zhao,X.,Liu,H.,Qu,J.,Huang,C.P.,2011.Synthesis of visible-light sensitive M-BiVO4(M=Ag,Co,and Ni)for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.Sep.Purif.Technol.77,275-282.