基于分子印迹的蛋白质识别及应用研究进展
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摘要
分子印迹是制备具有模拟抗体分子识别特性材料的技术,其制备方法简单、成本低、材料稳定性好,已广泛应用于固相萃取、色谱分离、模拟酶催化、生物化学传感器、药物递送等领域.分子印迹发展至今,小分子印迹技术发展迅速,而蛋白质分子印迹研究发展相对缓慢,这主要和蛋白质复杂的自然属性有关.虽然蛋白质分子印迹挑战巨大,但是在国内外科研工作者的不懈努力下,近年来蛋白质分子印迹已取得一定的研究进展,其中不乏一些成功的新型蛋白质印迹策略.这些性能优异、功能独特的新型蛋白质印迹材料,已成功应用于蛋白组学、疾病诊断/治疗、生物成像等领域,并表现出巨大的潜在应用价值.本文总结了近10年以来蛋白质分子印迹的新方法、新策略和潜在应用前景,分析了蛋白质分子印迹领域的发展现状及存在的挑战,并展望了该领域的机遇和前景.
Molecular recognition plays a critical role in numerous living systems. Over the past several decades, considerable attempts have been made to create synthetic recognition systems with high specifity and selectivity for a certain molecue by utilizing natural receptors such as antibodies, receptors, enzymes and aptamers. Despite their high selectivity and broad range of applications, these biomolecules always suffer from some drawbacks, for example, instablity in harsh condition, high production cost. In response to these limitations, the alternative molecular imprinting technique has attracted a number of researchers' sustain interests, shows a promising potential in the creation of synthetic recognition systems. Molecular imprinting, a synthetic "Lock to Key" technique that uses molecular templates to create selective binding sites in cross-linked polymers, has become one of the most efficient methods for preparation of selective recognition materials. To date, a wide range sizes of template including inorganic ions, drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, viruses, and whole cells have been extensively applied in the synthesis of various specific molecularly imprinted polymers. Among them, the majority of the publications and successful applications in molecular imprinting are aimed at recognition and separation of small molecules. Molecular imprinting of biomacromolecules, especially proteins, still remains great challenges. Due to its large size, environmentally instability, chemical and structural complexity, traditional imprinting methods were limited and not suitable for proteins. Since 2011, protein imprinting has acheived some significant breakthroughs in imprinting methods and applications. On one hand, some novel and special protein imprinting methods have been developed, such as nanomaterial-based imprinting, boronate affinity-based surface imprinting, epitope imprinting, solid-phase synthesis and post-imprinting modification. These newly emerging methods effectively solved some key issues in protein imprinting and were applied for synthesis of MIPs with special properties that were not well demonstrated before. In this paper, we have analyzed the merits and problems of these methods in detail. On the other hand, based on the novel protein imprinting materials with special properties, some new advanced applications, such as disease diagnosis, proteomics and bioimaging, have well been demonstrated and showed great potentials. In addition, the future challenges and opportunities in protein imprinting were also discussed. Despite the tremendous interest in protein imprinting, related research studies were still behind compared to the progress made in molecular imprinting of small molecules. Particularly, the design of universal protein imprinting materials with desirabe properties still remains great challenges. As to future development, developing facile and versatile protein imprinting methods is still of significant importance. Meanwhile, as a multidisciplinary technology, protein imprinting should develop rapidly along with the advances in polymer technology, nanotechnology, analytical chemistry, biotechnology and so on. We forsee that, in a long period of time, creating new protein imprinting strategies, developing desirable protein imprinting materials with special properties based on borrowing and integration of related technologies/strategies, and thereby enable potential important applications are still the main direction of protein imprinting.
Molecular recognition plays a critical role in numerous living systems. Over the past several decades, considerable attempts have been made to create synthetic recognition systems with high specifity and selectivity for a certain molecue by utilizing natural receptors such as antibodies, receptors, enzymes and aptamers. Despite their high selectivity and broad range of applications, these biomolecules always suffer from some drawbacks, for example, instablity in harsh condition, high production cost. In response to these limitations, the alternative molecular imprinting technique has attracted a number of researchers' sustain interests, shows a promising potential in the creation of synthetic recognition systems. Molecular imprinting, a synthetic "Lock to Key" technique that uses molecular templates to create selective binding sites in cross-linked polymers, has become one of the most efficient methods for preparation of selective recognition materials. To date, a wide range sizes of template including inorganic ions, drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, viruses, and whole cells have been extensively applied in the synthesis of various specific molecularly imprinted polymers. Among them, the majority of the publications and successful applications in molecular imprinting are aimed at recognition and separation of small molecules. Molecular imprinting of biomacromolecules, especially proteins, still remains great challenges. Due to its large size, environmentally instability, chemical and structural complexity, traditional imprinting methods were limited and not suitable for proteins. Since 2011, protein imprinting has acheived some significant breakthroughs in imprinting methods and applications. On one hand, some novel and special protein imprinting methods have been developed, such as nanomaterial-based imprinting, boronate affinity-based surface imprinting, epitope imprinting, solid-phase synthesis and post-imprinting modification. These newly emerging methods effectively solved some key issues in protein imprinting and were applied for synthesis of MIPs with special properties that were not well demonstrated before. In this paper, we have analyzed the merits and problems of these methods in detail. On the other hand, based on the novel protein imprinting materials with special properties, some new advanced applications, such as disease diagnosis, proteomics and bioimaging, have well been demonstrated and showed great potentials. In addition, the future challenges and opportunities in protein imprinting were also discussed. Despite the tremendous interest in protein imprinting, related research studies were still behind compared to the progress made in molecular imprinting of small molecules. Particularly, the design of universal protein imprinting materials with desirabe properties still remains great challenges. As to future development, developing facile and versatile protein imprinting methods is still of significant importance. Meanwhile, as a multidisciplinary technology, protein imprinting should develop rapidly along with the advances in polymer technology, nanotechnology, analytical chemistry, biotechnology and so on. We forsee that, in a long period of time, creating new protein imprinting strategies, developing desirable protein imprinting materials with special properties based on borrowing and integration of related technologies/strategies, and thereby enable potential important applications are still the main direction of protein imprinting.
引文
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2 Polyakov M V.Adsorption properties and structure of silica gel.Zhur Fiz Khim,1931,2:799-805
3 Pauling L.A theory of the structure and process of formation of antibodies.J Am Chem Soc,1940,62:2643-2657
4 Wulff G.The use of polymers with enzyme-analogous structures for the resolution of racemates.Angew Chem Int Ed,1972,11:341-345
5 Vlatakis G,Andersson L I,Müller R,et al.Drug assay using antibody mimics made by molecular imprinting.Nature,1993,361:645-647
6 Whitcombe M J,Rodriguez M E,Villar P,et al.A new method for the introduction of recognition site functionality into polymers prepared by molecular imprinting:Synthesis and characterization of polymeric receptors for cholesterol.J Am Chem Soc,1995,117:7105-7111
7 Alexander C,Andersson H S,Andersson L I,et al.Molecular imprinting science and technology:A survey of the literature for the years up to and including 2003.J Mol Recognit,2006,19:106-180
8 Chen L X,Xu S F,Li J H.Recent advances in molecular imprinting technology:Current status,challenges and highlighted applications.Chem Soc Rev,2011,40:2922-2942
9 Glad M,Norrlow O,Sellerger B,et al.Use of silane monomers for molecular imprinting and enzyme entrapment in polysiloxane-coated porous silica.J Chromatogr A,1985,347:11-23
10 He H Y,Chai Z,Chen H,et al.Enhanced lysozyme imprinting over nanoparticles functionalized with carboxyl groups for noncovalent template sorption.Anal Chem,2011,83:1431-1436
11 Lin Z A,Xia Z W,Zheng J N,et al.Synthesis of uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymer-coated silica nanoparticles for selective recognition and enrichment of lysozyme.J Mater Chem,2012,22:17914-17922
12 Liu J,Yang K,Deng Q,et al.Preparation of a new type of affinity materials combining metal coordination with molecular imprinting.Chem Commun,2011,47:3969-3971
13 Lin Z A,Sun L X,Liu W,et al.Synthesis of boronic acid-functionalized molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles for glycoprotein recognition and enrichment.J Mater Chem B,2014,2:637-643
14 Bhakta S,Seraji M S I,Suib S L,et al.Antibody-like biorecognition sites for proteins from surface imprinting on nanoparticles.ACSAppl Mater Interfaces,2015,7:28197-28206
15 Xia Z W,Lin Z A,Xiao Y,et al.Facile synthesis of polydopamine-coated molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles for protein recognition and separation.Biosens Bioelectron,2013,47:120-126
16 Gai Q Q,Qu F,Liu Z J,et al.Superparamagnetic lysozyme surface-imprinted polymer prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization and its application for protein separation.J Chromatogr A,2010,1217:5035-5042
17 Li X,Zhang B,Li W,et al.Preparation and characterization of bovine serum albumin surface-imprinted thermosensitive magnetic polymer microsphere and its application for protein recognition.Biosens Bioelectron,2014,51:261-267
18 Cao J L,Zhang X H,He X W,et al.The synthesis of magnetic lysozyme-imprinted polymers by means of distillation-precipitation polymerization for selective protein enrichment.Chem Asian J,2014,9:526-533
19 Gao R,Kong X,Wang X,et al.Preparation and characterization of uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymers functionalized with core-shell magnetic nanoparticles for the recognition and enrichment of protein.J Mater Chem,2011,21:17863-17871
20 Gao R,Mu X,Hao Y,et al.Combination of surface imprinting and immobilized template techniques for preparation of core-shell molecularly imprinted polymers based on directly amino-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for specific recognition of bovine hemoglobin.JMater Chem B,2014,2:1733-1741
21 Bhakta S,Dixit C K,Bist I,et al.Albumin removal from human serum using surface nanopockets on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles.Chem Commun,2017,53:9254-9257
22 Zhou W H,Lu C H,Guo X C,et al.Mussel-inspired molecularly imprinted polymer coating superparamagnetic nanoparticles for protein recognition.J Mater Chem,2010,20:880-883
23 Zhang M,Zhang X,He X,et al.A self-assembled polydopamine film on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles for specific capture of protein.Nanoscale,2012,4:3141-3147
24 Wan W,Han Q,Zhang X,et al.Selective enrichment of proteins for MALDI-TOF MS analysis based on molecular imprinting.Chem Commun,2015,51:3541-3544
25 Zhang W,He X W,Chen Y,et al.Molecularly imprinted polymer anchored on the surface of denatured bovine serum albumin modified CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent artificial receptor for recognition of target protein.Biosens Bioelectron,2012,31:84-89
26 Yang Y Q,He X W,Wang Y Z,et al.Epitope imprinted polymer coating CdTe quantum dots for specific recognition and direct fluorescent quantification of the target protein bovine serum albumin.Biosens Bioelectron,2014,54:266-272
27 Li Y,Yang H H,You Q H,et al.Protein recognition via surface molecularly imprinted polymer nanowires.Anal Chem,2006,78:317-320
28 Ouyang R,Lei J,Ju H.Surface molecularly imprinted nanowire for protein specific recognition.Chem Commun,2008,44:5761-5763
29 Chen T,Shao M,Xu H,et al.Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated silicon nanowires for protein specific recognition and fast separation.J Mater Chem,2012,22:3990-3996
30 Zheng C,Zhang X L,Liu W,et al.A selective artificial enzyme inhibitor based on nanoparticle-enzyme interactions and molecular imprinting.Adv Mater,2013,25:5922-5927
31 Gao R,Zhang L,Hao Y,et al.Novel polydopamine imprinting layers coated magnetic carbon nanotubes for specific separation of lysozyme from egg white.Talanta,2015,144:1125-1132
32 Yin Y,Yan L,Zhang Z,et al.Magnetic molecularly imprinted polydopamine nanolayer on multiwalled carbon nanotubes surface for protein capture.Talanta,2015,144:671-679
33 Liu M,Pi J,Wang X,et al.A sol-gel derived pH-responsive bovine serum albumin molecularly imprinted poly(ionic liquids)on the surface of multiwall carbon nanotubes.Anal Chim Acta,2016,932:29-40
34 Qin Y P,Li D Y,He X W,et al.Preparation of high-efficiency cytochrome c-imprinted polymer on the surface of magnetic carbon nanotubes by epitope approach via metal chelation and six-membered ring.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2016,8:10155-10163
35 Luo J,Jiang S,Liu X.Efficient one-pot synthesis of mussel-inspired molecularly imprinted polymer coated graphene for protein-specific recognition and fast separation.J Phys Chem C,2013,117:18448-18456
36 Chen F,Zhao W,Zhang J,et al.Magnetic two-dimensional molecularly imprinted materials for the recognition and separation of proteins.Phys Chem Chem Phys,2016,18:718-725
37 Luo J,Huang J,Cong J,et al.Double recognition and selective extraction of glycoprotein based on the molecular imprinted graphene oxide and boronate affinity.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9:7735-7744
38 Lin Z A,Wang J,Tan X Q,et al.Preparation of boronate-functionalized molecularly imprinted monolithic column with polydopamine coating for glycoprotein recognition and enrichment.J Chromatogr A,2013,1319:141-147
39 Sun L X,Lin D,Lin G,et al.Click synthesis of boronic acid-functionalized molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles with polydopamine coating for enrichment of trace glycoproteins.Anal Methods,2015,7:10026-10031
40 Xing R,Wang S,Bie Z,et al.Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers specific to glycoproteins,glycans and monosaccharides via boronate affinity controllable-oriented surface imprinting.Nat Prot,2017,12:964
41 Li L,Lu Y,Bie Z,et al.Photolithographic boronate affinity molecular imprinting:A general and facile approach for glycoprotein imprinting.Angew Chem Int Ed,2013,125:7599-7602
42 Ye J,Chen Y,Liu Z.A boronate affinity sandwich assay:An appealing alternative to immunoassays for the determination of glycoproteins.Angew Chem Int Ed,2014,53:10386-10389
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