Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织及力学性能的影响
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摘要
本文以不同N/C原子比的Ti(C,N)固溶体为硬质相,通过真空烧结制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。用三点弯曲法、洛氏硬度计、压痕法分别测得试样的抗弯强度、硬度、断裂韧性,并通过光学金相显微镜、XRD、SEM、EDS等手段研究了Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织的影响规律。结果表明:在一定范围内随着N/C原子比的增大,Ti(C,N)固溶体在液相中溶解度下降,环形相的析出受到抑制,使得金属陶瓷的硬质相芯部逐渐细化且分散均匀,环形相厚度减薄。但Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比为6∶4及以上时,硬质相与液相之间的润湿性较差,使得金属陶瓷孔隙度增加,显微组织中开始出现亮白色的晶粒。随N/C原子比的增大,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度先增大后降低,断裂韧性逐渐降低。当Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比为5∶5时,金属陶瓷的综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度为2 429 MPa,硬度为92.2 HRA,断裂韧性为8.44 MPa·m~(1/2)。
Ti(C,N)-based cermets with different N/C atomic ratios of Ti(C,N) solid solution were prepared by vacuum sintering.The mechanical properties of the cermets, such as the transverse rupture strength(TRS), the hardness(HRA) and the fracture toughness(K_(Ⅰc)), were tested by three-point-bending, rockwell apparatus, plamqvist indentation toughness measurement,respectively. The effects of N/C ratio of Ti(C,N) solid solution on microstructures of Ti(C,N)-based cermets were studied by OM,XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that with the increase of N/C atomic ratio, the ceramic particles of the cermets become finer gradually and distribute evenly, and the rim phase becomes thinner because the solubility of the Ti(C,N) solid solution in the binder decreases and the precipitation of rim phase is inhibited. When the N/C ratio of Ti(C,N) solid solution is 6:4 or more, the wettability between ceramic particles and liquid phase decreases, resulting in the increase of the porosity and the appearance of the bright white grains. With the increase of the N/C atomic ratio, the TRS and HRA of the Ti(C,N)-based cermets increase firstly and then decrease, while the K_(Ⅰc)decreases gradually. When the N/C atomic ratio of Ti(C,N) solid solution is 5:5, the cermets show the best mechanical properties with TRS of 2 429 MPa, hardness of 92.2 HRA and K_(Ⅰc) of 8.44 MPa·m~(1/2).
Ti(C,N)-based cermets with different N/C atomic ratios of Ti(C,N) solid solution were prepared by vacuum sintering.The mechanical properties of the cermets, such as the transverse rupture strength(TRS), the hardness(HRA) and the fracture toughness(K_(Ⅰc)), were tested by three-point-bending, rockwell apparatus, plamqvist indentation toughness measurement,respectively. The effects of N/C ratio of Ti(C,N) solid solution on microstructures of Ti(C,N)-based cermets were studied by OM,XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that with the increase of N/C atomic ratio, the ceramic particles of the cermets become finer gradually and distribute evenly, and the rim phase becomes thinner because the solubility of the Ti(C,N) solid solution in the binder decreases and the precipitation of rim phase is inhibited. When the N/C ratio of Ti(C,N) solid solution is 6:4 or more, the wettability between ceramic particles and liquid phase decreases, resulting in the increase of the porosity and the appearance of the bright white grains. With the increase of the N/C atomic ratio, the TRS and HRA of the Ti(C,N)-based cermets increase firstly and then decrease, while the K_(Ⅰc)decreases gradually. When the N/C atomic ratio of Ti(C,N) solid solution is 5:5, the cermets show the best mechanical properties with TRS of 2 429 MPa, hardness of 92.2 HRA and K_(Ⅰc) of 8.44 MPa·m~(1/2).
引文
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[10]Zackrisson J,Andrén H O,Rolander U.Development of cermet microstructures during sintering[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2001,32(1):85-94.
[11]Andrén H O.Microstructure development during sintering and heat-treatment of cemented carbides and cermets[J].Materials Chemistry&Physics,2001,67(1-3):209-213.
[12]Chun D I,Kim D Y,Eun K Y.Microstructural evolution during the sintering of Ti C-Mo-Ni cermets[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1993,76(8):2049-2052.
[13]Weast R C.CRC handbook of chemistry and physics,70th edition[M].Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,1989:188~190.
[14]Shi Z,Zhang D,Chen S,et al.Effect of nitrogen content on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2013,568(7):68-72.
[15]Zheng Y,Liu W,Wang S,et al.Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets[J].Ceramics International,2009,30(8):2111-2115.
[16]Zhang S,Tam S C.Mechanical alloying of a Ti C-Ti N ceramic system[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1997,67(1-3):112-116.
[17]Cardinal S,Malchère A,Garnier V,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti C-Ti N based cermets for tools application[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(3):521-527.
[18]刘宁,刘灿楼,赵兴中,等.Mo,Ni含量与Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能之间的关系[J].硬质合金,1994,11(2):74-78.Liu Ning,Liu Canlou,Zhao Xingzhong,et al.The relationship between the Mo,Ni content and the microstructure mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)based cermets[J].Cemented Carbide,1994,11(2):74-78.
[19]郑勇,游敏,刘文俊,等.细晶粒金属陶瓷制备技术的研究进展[J].机械工程材料,2002,26(12):5-8.Zheng Yong,You Min,Liu Wenjun,et al.Research progress in the manufacturing technology of fine-grained cermets[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2002,26(12):5-8.
[20]周伟,郑勇,周斌,等.氮含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织与磨粒磨损行为的影响[J].硬质合金,2012,29(4):197-202.Zhou Wei,Zheng Yong,Zhou Bin,et al.Effect of nitrogen addition on microstructure and abrasive wear behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets[J].Cemented Carbide,2012,29(4):197-202.
[2]郑勇,熊惟皓.Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷界面问题的研究进展[J].材料导报,2001,15(3):7-9.Zheng Yong,Xiong Weihao.Some problems on interface of Ti(C,N)-based cermet[J].Materials Review,2001,15(3):7-9.
[3]康新婷,刘素英,蒋纪麟.Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备与应用[J].硬质合金,1999,16(1):51-55.Kang Xinting,Liu Suying,Jiang Jilin.Manufacture and application of Ti(C,N)matrix cermet[J].Cemented Carbide,1999,16(1):51-55.
[4]雷燕,熊惟皓.陶瓷材料纳米烧结研究进展[J].材料导报,2003,17(5):28-30.Lei Yan,Xiong Weihao.Advance in research on nanosintering of ceramic materials[J].Materials Review,2003,17(5):28-30.
[5]詹斌,刘宁,蔡威,等.陶瓷相原始粉末粒度对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响[J].热处理,2013,28(5):12-18.Zhan Bin,Liu Ning,Cai Wei,et al.Effect of starting powder size of ceramic phase on microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets[J].Heat Treatment,2013,28(5):12-18.
[6]Kieffer R,Ettmayer P,Freudhofmeier M.New sintered nitride and carbonitride hard metals[J].Metall,1971,25:1335-1341.
[7]丰平,郑勇,刘文俊,等.N含量对超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2005,34(sl):479-481.Feng Ping,Zheng Yong,Liu Wenjun,et al.Effect of N content on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine Ti(C,N)-Based cermets[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2005,34(s1):479-481.
[8]周伟.高氮含量Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备及其磨粒磨损特性研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2013.Zhou Wei.Research on the preparation and abrasive wear properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with high nitrogen content[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013.
[9]Shi Z,Yin D,Zhang D,et al.Characterisation of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with various nitrogen contents studied by EBSD/SEM and TEM[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2016,695:2857-2864.
[10]Zackrisson J,Andrén H O,Rolander U.Development of cermet microstructures during sintering[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2001,32(1):85-94.
[11]Andrén H O.Microstructure development during sintering and heat-treatment of cemented carbides and cermets[J].Materials Chemistry&Physics,2001,67(1-3):209-213.
[12]Chun D I,Kim D Y,Eun K Y.Microstructural evolution during the sintering of Ti C-Mo-Ni cermets[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1993,76(8):2049-2052.
[13]Weast R C.CRC handbook of chemistry and physics,70th edition[M].Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,1989:188~190.
[14]Shi Z,Zhang D,Chen S,et al.Effect of nitrogen content on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2013,568(7):68-72.
[15]Zheng Y,Liu W,Wang S,et al.Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets[J].Ceramics International,2009,30(8):2111-2115.
[16]Zhang S,Tam S C.Mechanical alloying of a Ti C-Ti N ceramic system[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1997,67(1-3):112-116.
[17]Cardinal S,Malchère A,Garnier V,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti C-Ti N based cermets for tools application[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(3):521-527.
[18]刘宁,刘灿楼,赵兴中,等.Mo,Ni含量与Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能之间的关系[J].硬质合金,1994,11(2):74-78.Liu Ning,Liu Canlou,Zhao Xingzhong,et al.The relationship between the Mo,Ni content and the microstructure mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)based cermets[J].Cemented Carbide,1994,11(2):74-78.
[19]郑勇,游敏,刘文俊,等.细晶粒金属陶瓷制备技术的研究进展[J].机械工程材料,2002,26(12):5-8.Zheng Yong,You Min,Liu Wenjun,et al.Research progress in the manufacturing technology of fine-grained cermets[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2002,26(12):5-8.
[20]周伟,郑勇,周斌,等.氮含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织与磨粒磨损行为的影响[J].硬质合金,2012,29(4):197-202.Zhou Wei,Zheng Yong,Zhou Bin,et al.Effect of nitrogen addition on microstructure and abrasive wear behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets[J].Cemented Carbide,2012,29(4):197-202.