洞庭湖流域湘江铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)的重金属富集特征及其膳食风险评估
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摘要
洞庭湖流域对湘江湖南段6个城市江段铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)腹足和内脏团的As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr富集量进行分析,运用单因子污染指数法评价其受污染程度,并分别采用平均每周/每月摄入量法和目标危害系数法对其膳食风险进行评估,旨在为湘江流域居民铜锈环棱螺的消费安全提供参考.结果显示,铜锈环棱螺腹足As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的富集量均值分别为0.92、1.65、0.90、13.01和67.62 mg/kg,Cr未检出,As、Cd、Pb和Cu的超标率分别为87.06%、27.06%、24.72%和2.35%.内脏团As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr的富集量均值分别为9.61、3.21、3.75、33.58、169.05和1.23 mg/kg,As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Cr超标率分别为100%、71.76%、65.88%、14.12%和75.8%.所有江段成人As、Cu和Zn的每周摄入量均值和最高值均低于FAO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)提出的暂定每周耐受摄入量参考值(PTWI),但株洲成人Cd的每月摄入量均值超过其每月耐受摄入量参考值,且最大值是其参考值的3.44倍,永州、湘潭地区成人Cd的每月摄入量最大值也分别是其参考值的1.16和1.68倍.所有江段铜锈环棱螺摄入的单一重金属健康风险值除As外均小于1,但多种重金属复合暴露健康风险值均接近或大于1.结果表明,湘江湖南段6个城市江段铜锈环棱螺均受到一定程度的污染,其中衡阳、湘潭和株洲江段较为严重,且各江段铜锈环棱螺内脏团重金属富集量整体上均高于腹足,故当地居民长期食用后存在潜在的健康风险.
To provide food safety information of Bellamya aeruginosa in Hunan,six populations from urban sections along Xiangjiang River,Lake Dongting Basin were collected for analyzing their bioaccumulation characteristics of six heavy metals( As,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and Cr) in foot and visceral masses. The pollution and dietary risk of heavy metals were also assessed using different approaches,including the single factor pollution index method,the weekly/monthly average intakes method and the target hazard quotient( THQ) method,respectively. The results showed that the average bioaccumulation values of As,Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn in the foot were 0.92,1.65,0.90,13.01 and 67.62 mg/kg,respectively,while Cr was not detected. The excesses of As,Cd,Pb and Cu in the foot were 87.06%,27.06%,24.72% and 2.35%,respectively. The average bioaccumulation values of As,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and Cr in the visceral masses were 9.61,3.21,3.75,33.58,169.05 and 1.23 mg/kg,respectively. The excesses of As,Cd,Pb,Cu and Cr in the visceral masses were 100%,71.76%,65.88%,14.12% and 75.8%,respectively. The mean and maximum weekly intakes of As,Pb,Cu,and Zn for adult in all analyzed sections were lower than the tentative weekly tolerable intake reference value( PTWI) proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Experts on Food Additives( JECFA). However,the average monthly Cd intake of adults along the Zhuzhou sections exceeds the monthly tolerance intake reference value,and the maximum value is 3.44 times of the reference value. The maximum monthly Cd intake of adults in the Yongzhou and Xiangtan sections are 1.16 and 1.68 times of their corresponding reference values,respectively. Except As,the THQ value of Bellamya aeruginosa was far less than 1,but all TTHQ values were equal or greater than 1. Overall,the results indicated that the B. aeruginosa in the six urban sections along Xiangjiang River were under a certain pollution,especially in Hengyang,Xiangtan and Zhuzhou. Furthermore,the amount of heavy metal bioaccumulation in the visceral masses of the B. aeruginosa in each river section was higher than that of the foot. Therefore,there are potential health risks of B. aeruginosa via long-term consumption by residents along the Xiangjiang River.
To provide food safety information of Bellamya aeruginosa in Hunan,six populations from urban sections along Xiangjiang River,Lake Dongting Basin were collected for analyzing their bioaccumulation characteristics of six heavy metals( As,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and Cr) in foot and visceral masses. The pollution and dietary risk of heavy metals were also assessed using different approaches,including the single factor pollution index method,the weekly/monthly average intakes method and the target hazard quotient( THQ) method,respectively. The results showed that the average bioaccumulation values of As,Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn in the foot were 0.92,1.65,0.90,13.01 and 67.62 mg/kg,respectively,while Cr was not detected. The excesses of As,Cd,Pb and Cu in the foot were 87.06%,27.06%,24.72% and 2.35%,respectively. The average bioaccumulation values of As,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and Cr in the visceral masses were 9.61,3.21,3.75,33.58,169.05 and 1.23 mg/kg,respectively. The excesses of As,Cd,Pb,Cu and Cr in the visceral masses were 100%,71.76%,65.88%,14.12% and 75.8%,respectively. The mean and maximum weekly intakes of As,Pb,Cu,and Zn for adult in all analyzed sections were lower than the tentative weekly tolerable intake reference value( PTWI) proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Experts on Food Additives( JECFA). However,the average monthly Cd intake of adults along the Zhuzhou sections exceeds the monthly tolerance intake reference value,and the maximum value is 3.44 times of the reference value. The maximum monthly Cd intake of adults in the Yongzhou and Xiangtan sections are 1.16 and 1.68 times of their corresponding reference values,respectively. Except As,the THQ value of Bellamya aeruginosa was far less than 1,but all TTHQ values were equal or greater than 1. Overall,the results indicated that the B. aeruginosa in the six urban sections along Xiangjiang River were under a certain pollution,especially in Hengyang,Xiangtan and Zhuzhou. Furthermore,the amount of heavy metal bioaccumulation in the visceral masses of the B. aeruginosa in each river section was higher than that of the foot. Therefore,there are potential health risks of B. aeruginosa via long-term consumption by residents along the Xiangjiang River.
引文
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[7] Liu J. Study on the diversity of molluscs in Xiangjiang River[Dissertation]. Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2006.[刘俊.湘江软体动物多样性研究[学位论文].长沙:湖南师范大学,2006.]
[8] Cai YJ,Gong ZJ,Qin BQ. The community structure and diversity of macrobenthos in Taihu lake. Biodiversity Science,2010,18(1):50-59.[蔡永久,龚志军,秦伯强.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性.生物多样性,2010,18(1):50-59.]
[9] Duan XJ. Study on the feeding habits and food choices of Bellamya purificata(Heude)in ecological ditch[Dissertation].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013.[段晓姣.生态沟渠中梨形环棱螺的食性及食物选择的研究[学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.]
[10] Ma TW,Zhou K,Zhu C et al. The biomarker of chronic stress of cadmium-contaminated sediments was responded to by Bellamya aeruginosa. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(8):1750-1756.[马陶武,周科,朱程等.铜锈环棱螺对镉污染沉积物慢性胁迫的生物标志物响应.环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1750-1756.]
[11] Li D,Pi J,Zhang T et al. Evaluating a 5-year metal contamination remediation and the biomonitoring potential of a freshwater gastropod along the Xiangjiang River,China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2018,25:21127-21137.
[12] Liu FY,Wu YL. Accumulation and detoxification mechanism of heavy metal pollutants in marine organisms. Marine Science,1988,12(5):63-66.[刘发义,吴玉霖.重金属污染物在海洋生物体内的积累和解毒机理.海洋科学,1988,12(5):63-66.]
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[14] Song C,Zhang C,Meng SL et al. Heavy metal accumulation and risk assessment of Bellamya aeruginosa in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2016,6(4):6-11.[宋超,张聪,孟顺龙等.长江下游流域铜锈环棱螺体内重金属含量及风险评估.中国渔业质量与标准,2016,6(4):6-11.]
[15] Gao BF,He L,Zhang Z et al. Indicative function of Bellamya aeruginosa in the middle and lower stream of Hanjiang River. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(1):128-131.[高宝峰,何力,张征等.铜锈环棱螺对汉江中下游重金属污染的指示作用.湖北农业科学,2011,50(1):128-131.]
[16] Bo L,Wang D,Li T et al. Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in water,sediments,and aquatic organisms in rural rivers in the Taihu Lake region,China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2015,22(9):6721.
[17] Kong M,Hang X,Wang L et al. Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments and zoobenthos(Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea)from Lake Taihu. Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2016,73(1):203.
[18] Li J,Peng F,Ding D et al. Characteristics of the phytoplankton community and bioaccumulation of heavy metals during algal blooms in Xiangjiang River(Hunan,China). Science China Life Sciences,2011,54(10):931-938.
[19] Mao L,Mo D,Guo Y et al. Multivariate analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments from lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River,southern China. Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(3):765-771.
[20] National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China&China Food and Drug Administration ed. GB2762-2017 National Food Safety Standard Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017.[中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会&国家食品药品监督管理总局. GB2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量.北京:中国标准出版社,2017.]
[21] Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China ed. NY5073-2006 Limit of toxic and harmful substances in non-hazardous food and aquatic products. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.[中华人民共和国农业部. NY5073-2006无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量.北京:中国标准出版社,2006.]
[22] Gao M,Wu X,Paul LK et al. Heavy metal content and health risk analysis of Huludao seafood. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(1):205-211.[高蜜,吴星,Paul L. Klerks等.葫芦岛海产品重金属含量及健康风险分析.生态学杂志,2016,35(1):205-211.]
[23] Guo LC,Zeng EY. Broadening the global reach of the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)is vital to combating globalized environmental problems. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(18):6911-6913.
[24] Jia Y,Wang L,Qu Z et al. Distribution,contamination and accumulation of heavy metals in water,sediments,and freshwater shellfish from Liuyang River,Southern China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,25(1/2):1-9.
[25] Benito D,Niederwanger M,Izagirre U et al. Successive onset of molecular,cellular and tissue-specific responses in midgut gland of Littorina littorea exposed to sub-lethal cadmium concentrations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(8):1815.
[26] Zeng X,Liu Y,You S et al. Spatial distribution,health risk assessment and statistical source identification of the trace elements in surface water from the Xiangjiang River,China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2015,22(12):9400-9412.
[27] Liu J,Xu Y,Cheng Y et al. Occurrence and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Xiangjiang River,China.Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2017,24(3):1-13.
[28] Chang XX,Wen CH. Heavy metal pollution and human health. Environmental Science Survey,2000,19(1):59-61.[常学秀,文传浩.重金属污染与人体健康.环境科学导刊,2000,19(1):59-61.]
[29] Du LN,Yu RZ,Wang HY et al. Research progress on heavy metal cadmium pollution and its toxicity. Journal of Environment and Health,2013,30(2):167-174.[杜丽娜,余若祯,王海燕等.重金属镉污染及其毒性研究进展.环境与健康杂志,2013,30(2):167-174.]
[30] Deng X,Wen LL,Chi XS. Research progress on the health hazards and prevention of cadmium. China Healthcare Innovation,2010,5(10):4-5.[邓新,温璐璐,迟鑫姝.镉对人体健康危害及防治研究进展.中国医疗前沿,2010,5(10):4-5.]
[31] Zhang C,Song C,Qiu LP et al. The content and risk assessment of heavy metal chromium of fish in Taihu Lake. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(7):1254-1260.[张聪,宋超,裘丽萍等.太湖鱼体中重金属铬的含量及风险评估.农业环境科学学报,2015,34(7):1254-1260.]
[32] Fan P. Effects of heavy metals on human health. Pla Health,2004,(1):40.[范鹏.重金属对人体健康的影响.解放军健康,2004,(1):40.]
[2] Xiang YB,Zhang Y,Yuan KG et al. Comprehensive evaluation and feature analysis of developmental level of county territory in Xiangjiang river basin. Economic Geography,2011,31(7):1088-1093.[向云波,张勇,袁开国等.湘江流域县域发展水平的综合评价及特征分析.经济地理,2011,31(7):1088-1093.]
[3] Xu YZ,Liu JJ,Cheng YX et al. Heavy metal pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of sediment in Xiangjiang river. Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(1):189-198.[许友泽,刘锦军,成应向等.湘江底泥重金属污染特征与生态风险评价.环境化学,2016,35(1):189-198.]
[4] Zeng X,Liu Y,You S et al. Spatial distribution,health risk assessment and statistical source identification of the trace elements in surface water from the Xiangjiang River,China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2015,22(12):9400-9412.
[5] Liu J,Xu Y,Cheng Y et al. Occurrence and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Xiangjiang River,China.Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,24(3):1-13.
[6] Zhang Q,Wang FM,Luo YP et al. The community structure of large benthos in Xiangjiang River basin and its relationship with environmental factors. Journal of Hydroecology,2018,(2):48-57.[张琦,王方鸣,罗岳平等.湘江流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志,2018,(2):48-57.]
[7] Liu J. Study on the diversity of molluscs in Xiangjiang River[Dissertation]. Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2006.[刘俊.湘江软体动物多样性研究[学位论文].长沙:湖南师范大学,2006.]
[8] Cai YJ,Gong ZJ,Qin BQ. The community structure and diversity of macrobenthos in Taihu lake. Biodiversity Science,2010,18(1):50-59.[蔡永久,龚志军,秦伯强.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性.生物多样性,2010,18(1):50-59.]
[9] Duan XJ. Study on the feeding habits and food choices of Bellamya purificata(Heude)in ecological ditch[Dissertation].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013.[段晓姣.生态沟渠中梨形环棱螺的食性及食物选择的研究[学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.]
[10] Ma TW,Zhou K,Zhu C et al. The biomarker of chronic stress of cadmium-contaminated sediments was responded to by Bellamya aeruginosa. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(8):1750-1756.[马陶武,周科,朱程等.铜锈环棱螺对镉污染沉积物慢性胁迫的生物标志物响应.环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1750-1756.]
[11] Li D,Pi J,Zhang T et al. Evaluating a 5-year metal contamination remediation and the biomonitoring potential of a freshwater gastropod along the Xiangjiang River,China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2018,25:21127-21137.
[12] Liu FY,Wu YL. Accumulation and detoxification mechanism of heavy metal pollutants in marine organisms. Marine Science,1988,12(5):63-66.[刘发义,吴玉霖.重金属污染物在海洋生物体内的积累和解毒机理.海洋科学,1988,12(5):63-66.]
[13] Zhu YL,Jiang JH,Huang Q et al. Distribution and correlation of Cd,Pb,Hg,As in sediments and organisms of Dongting Lake and Datong Lake. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(4):1377-1384.[祝云龙,姜加虎,黄群等.东洞庭湖与大通湖水体沉积物和生物体中Cd Pb Hg As的含量分布及相互关系.农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1377-1384.]
[14] Song C,Zhang C,Meng SL et al. Heavy metal accumulation and risk assessment of Bellamya aeruginosa in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2016,6(4):6-11.[宋超,张聪,孟顺龙等.长江下游流域铜锈环棱螺体内重金属含量及风险评估.中国渔业质量与标准,2016,6(4):6-11.]
[15] Gao BF,He L,Zhang Z et al. Indicative function of Bellamya aeruginosa in the middle and lower stream of Hanjiang River. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(1):128-131.[高宝峰,何力,张征等.铜锈环棱螺对汉江中下游重金属污染的指示作用.湖北农业科学,2011,50(1):128-131.]
[16] Bo L,Wang D,Li T et al. Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in water,sediments,and aquatic organisms in rural rivers in the Taihu Lake region,China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2015,22(9):6721.
[17] Kong M,Hang X,Wang L et al. Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments and zoobenthos(Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea)from Lake Taihu. Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2016,73(1):203.
[18] Li J,Peng F,Ding D et al. Characteristics of the phytoplankton community and bioaccumulation of heavy metals during algal blooms in Xiangjiang River(Hunan,China). Science China Life Sciences,2011,54(10):931-938.
[19] Mao L,Mo D,Guo Y et al. Multivariate analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments from lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River,southern China. Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(3):765-771.
[20] National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China&China Food and Drug Administration ed. GB2762-2017 National Food Safety Standard Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017.[中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会&国家食品药品监督管理总局. GB2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量.北京:中国标准出版社,2017.]
[21] Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China ed. NY5073-2006 Limit of toxic and harmful substances in non-hazardous food and aquatic products. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.[中华人民共和国农业部. NY5073-2006无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量.北京:中国标准出版社,2006.]
[22] Gao M,Wu X,Paul LK et al. Heavy metal content and health risk analysis of Huludao seafood. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(1):205-211.[高蜜,吴星,Paul L. Klerks等.葫芦岛海产品重金属含量及健康风险分析.生态学杂志,2016,35(1):205-211.]
[23] Guo LC,Zeng EY. Broadening the global reach of the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)is vital to combating globalized environmental problems. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(18):6911-6913.
[24] Jia Y,Wang L,Qu Z et al. Distribution,contamination and accumulation of heavy metals in water,sediments,and freshwater shellfish from Liuyang River,Southern China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,25(1/2):1-9.
[25] Benito D,Niederwanger M,Izagirre U et al. Successive onset of molecular,cellular and tissue-specific responses in midgut gland of Littorina littorea exposed to sub-lethal cadmium concentrations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(8):1815.
[26] Zeng X,Liu Y,You S et al. Spatial distribution,health risk assessment and statistical source identification of the trace elements in surface water from the Xiangjiang River,China. Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2015,22(12):9400-9412.
[27] Liu J,Xu Y,Cheng Y et al. Occurrence and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Xiangjiang River,China.Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2017,24(3):1-13.
[28] Chang XX,Wen CH. Heavy metal pollution and human health. Environmental Science Survey,2000,19(1):59-61.[常学秀,文传浩.重金属污染与人体健康.环境科学导刊,2000,19(1):59-61.]
[29] Du LN,Yu RZ,Wang HY et al. Research progress on heavy metal cadmium pollution and its toxicity. Journal of Environment and Health,2013,30(2):167-174.[杜丽娜,余若祯,王海燕等.重金属镉污染及其毒性研究进展.环境与健康杂志,2013,30(2):167-174.]
[30] Deng X,Wen LL,Chi XS. Research progress on the health hazards and prevention of cadmium. China Healthcare Innovation,2010,5(10):4-5.[邓新,温璐璐,迟鑫姝.镉对人体健康危害及防治研究进展.中国医疗前沿,2010,5(10):4-5.]
[31] Zhang C,Song C,Qiu LP et al. The content and risk assessment of heavy metal chromium of fish in Taihu Lake. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(7):1254-1260.[张聪,宋超,裘丽萍等.太湖鱼体中重金属铬的含量及风险评估.农业环境科学学报,2015,34(7):1254-1260.]
[32] Fan P. Effects of heavy metals on human health. Pla Health,2004,(1):40.[范鹏.重金属对人体健康的影响.解放军健康,2004,(1):40.]