新型铌合金研究进展
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摘要
高强铌合金具有比重小、强度高、韧性好、易焊接等优点,是制造高性能航空航天飞行器高温部件的重要材料,研究者通过碳化物强化、高温固溶淬火、大变形挤压、时效和热机械处理等方法研制出系列高强铌合金。航空航天高温结构件减重是研究新型铌合金的一个重要方向,选用密度为6~7.2 g/cm3的系列低密度铌合金,无涂层可在700℃以下工作,加涂层可在1 200℃以下工作。铌硅复合材料有望成为在1 350℃以上工作的航空发动机叶片材料,研究者通过前期研究筛选出多元Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Cr-X合金作为满足高温应用要求的新型铌合金的研究方向,揭示了铸态显微结构、热处理和热变形(热压、挤压、锻造)条件和机械性能,还研究了Al,Mo,B等合金元素对Nb-Si-Cr系合金抗氧化性能的影响。
High-strength niobium alloys providing low-density,high strength,very good ductility at room temperature,and good weldability,have been used for the high temperature parts of aero space aircraft which have high abilities. In order to improve the high-temperature strength and ductility at room temperature,the carbide strengthening,annealing and quenching at high temperature,high reduction of extrusion,aging,thermomechanical treatment have been used. In aerospace applications,weight savings have substantial benefit in system. A class of alloys with densities of 6. 2 ~ 8 g / cm3 can be used uncoated in air to ~ 700 ℃,and have sufficient oxidation resistance at 1 200 ℃ while coating failure is noncatastrophic. Niobium silicide-based in situ composites are hopeful for potential applications in turbine engines with service temperatures up to 1 350 ℃. After a preliminary investigation,the multi-component Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Cr-X system has been selected with the aim of developing new alloys that have the potential to meet the required properties for high temperature applications. This paper reviews the microstructures of Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Cr-X alloy under as-cast,heated and hot deformed( high temperature compression,extrusion,forging) conditions and the mechanical properties. The effect of aluminum,molybdenum,and boron on the oxidation behavior of the Nb-Si-Cr alloy system has also been studied.
High-strength niobium alloys providing low-density,high strength,very good ductility at room temperature,and good weldability,have been used for the high temperature parts of aero space aircraft which have high abilities. In order to improve the high-temperature strength and ductility at room temperature,the carbide strengthening,annealing and quenching at high temperature,high reduction of extrusion,aging,thermomechanical treatment have been used. In aerospace applications,weight savings have substantial benefit in system. A class of alloys with densities of 6. 2 ~ 8 g / cm3 can be used uncoated in air to ~ 700 ℃,and have sufficient oxidation resistance at 1 200 ℃ while coating failure is noncatastrophic. Niobium silicide-based in situ composites are hopeful for potential applications in turbine engines with service temperatures up to 1 350 ℃. After a preliminary investigation,the multi-component Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Cr-X system has been selected with the aim of developing new alloys that have the potential to meet the required properties for high temperature applications. This paper reviews the microstructures of Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Cr-X alloy under as-cast,heated and hot deformed( high temperature compression,extrusion,forging) conditions and the mechanical properties. The effect of aluminum,molybdenum,and boron on the oxidation behavior of the Nb-Si-Cr alloy system has also been studied.
引文
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[3]Ning Xinglong(宁兴龙).俄美铌合金的成分和性能(Ⅲ)[J].Rare Metals Letters(稀有金属快报),2002(9):22-23.
[4]Yin Weihong(殷为宏),Tang Huiping(汤慧萍).Refractory Metal Materials and Engineering Application(难熔金属材料与工程应用)[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2012:382-456.
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[8]Korotaev A D,Tumentsev A F.In Dispersion of Refractory Metala[M].Nauka Moscow,1989:8-144.
[9]Anton D L,Snow D B,et al.In High Temperature Niobium Alloys,ed.John Stehfens&Iqbal Ahmad TMS.Warrandale,Pennsylvania,1991:49-72 Sheftel E N,Grigorovich V K et al.Izv Acad.Mauk SSSR Met.,1983,4:7-121.
[10]Sheftel E N,Bannykh O A,et al.Refractory Metal-Intermetallic In-Situ Composites[C]//Ed.H Bildstein&R.Eck,Bol.13 th Plansee Seminar Metallwerk Plansee.Reutte/Austria,Plansee Group,1993,1:71-757.
[11]Sheftel E N,Bannykh O A.Niobium-Base Alloys[J].Int J of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,1993-1994:303-314.
[12]Cai Xiaomei(蔡小梅),Zheng Xin(郑欣),Li Zhongkui(李中奎),et al.热轧温度对低密度Nb-Ti-Al-V-Zr-C合金性能的影响[J].Rare Materials and Engineering(稀有金属材料与工程),2012,41(6):1 094-1 096.
[13]Wang Feng(王峰),Zheng Xin(郑欣),Bai Run(白润),et al.低密度Nb-Ti-Al-Cr-Si合金显微组织及力学性能[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides(稀有金属与硬质合金),2011,39(1):1 871-1 875.
[14]Wang Feng(王峰),Zheng Xin(郑欣),Bai Run(白润),et al.低密度Nb-Ti-Al-V-Zr合金微观组织和力学性能[J].Rare Materials and Engineering(稀有金属材料与工程),2011,40(11):1 972-1 975.
[15]Wang Feng(王锋),Zheng Xin(郑欣),Zhang Xiaoming(张小明),et al.Mo Nb Zr高熵合金微观组织的研究[J].Hot Working Technology(热加工工艺),2012,41(24):117-120.
[16]Wang Feng(王锋),Zheng Xin(郑欣),Bai Run(白润),et al.低密度铌合金与Nb521合金电子束焊接性能的研究[J].Rare Materials and Engineering(稀有金属材料与工程),2013,42(2):479-482.
[17]Yuan Sainan,Jia Lina,Su Linfen,et al.The Microstructure Evolution of Directionally Solidified Nb-22 Ti-14 Si-4 Cr-2 Al-2 Hf Alloy during Heat Treatment[J].Intermetallics,2013(38):102-106.
[18]Fu Yongming,Liu Wei,Zong Wei,et al.Effects of Ball Milling Time and Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Nb-16 Si-22 Ti-2 Al-2 Hf-2 Cr Alloy Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2013,(42)2:400-404.
[19]Kang Yongwang,Qu Shiyu,Song Jinxia,et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb-Ti-Si-Al-Hf-x Cr-y V Multi-Element In Situ Composite[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,534(1):323-328.
[20]Guo Baohui,Guo Xiping.Effect of High Temperature Treatments on Microstructure of Nb-Ti-Cr-Si Based Ultrahigh Temperature Alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China(English Edition),2011.21(8):1 710-1 716.
[21]Wang Yong,Guo Xiping.Effect of Solidifying Rate on Integrally Directionally Solidified Microstructure and Solid/Liquid Interface Morphology of an Nb-Ti-Si Base Alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2010,46(4):506-512.
[22]Wang Yong,Guo Xiping,Zhang Chaofeng,et al.Microstructure and Ambient Mechanical Properties of Nb-Ti-Si Based Alloy Prepared by Consumable Arc Melting[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2010,30(6):556-561.
[23]Zhang Ping,Guo Xiping.Y and Al Modified Silicide Coatings on an Nb-Ti-Si Based Ultrahigh Temperature Alloy Prepared by Pack Cementation Process[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2011,206(2-3):446-454.
[24]Zheng Xin(郑欣),Zhang Tingjie(张廷杰),Li Zhongkui(李中奎),et al.沉淀强化型Nb-W-Mo-Zr合金的结构和性能[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering(稀有金属材料与工程),2007,36(11):1 886-1 890.
[25]Guo Qingwei(郭青蔚),Wang Zhaoxin(王肇信).Modern Tantalum Niobium Progress(现代铌钽冶金)[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009:476-518.
[26]Sheftel E N,Bannykh O A.Principles of Alloying and Design of Structure of High-Temperature High-Strength Niobium Alloys,Tungsten and Refractory Metals[C]//Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Tungsten and Refractory Metals.New Jersey:Metal Powder Industries Federation and APMI International,1994.
[27]Wang Feng,Zheng Xin,Bai Run,et al.Charateristics of a Multicomponent and Low-Density Nb-Ti-Al Alloy[C]//Proceedings of 18 th Plansee Seminar 2013.Reutte:2013:1-6.
[28]Ostermann F.Contrlling Carbide Dispersions In Niobium-Base Alloys[J].Journal of The Less-Common Metels,1971(25):234-256.
[29]Jackson M R.Ductile Lower-Density Alloys Based on Niobium.Tunfsten and Refractory Metals[M].UMI Book on Demand,1994:657-664.
[30]Huang Boyun(黄伯云),Li Chenggong,et al.Non-ferrous Metal Materials Mamual(有色金属材料手册下)[M].Beijing,Chemistry Industry Press,2009,6:204-205.
[31]Zeng Guang(曾光),Han Zhiyu(韩志宇),Liang Shujin(梁书锦),et al.金属零件3D打印技术的应用研究[J].Materials China(中国材料进展),2014,33(6):376-382.
[32]Zheng Lei(郑蕾),Jia Lina(贾丽娜),Zhang Hu(张虎),et al.Nb-Si基超高温合金的定向凝固研究进展[J].Materials Review(材料导报),2014(1):65-69.
[33]Yang Ying,Bewlay,Bernard P,et al.Phase Equilibria in the Nb-Rich Nb-Ti-Si-Cr-Hf Alloys[J].Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings,2014(1):385-390.
[34]Vellios N,Tsakiropoulos P.Study of the Role of Fe and Sn Additions in the Microstructure of Nb-24 Ti-18 Si-5 Cr Silicide Based Alloys[J].Intermetallics,2010,18(9):1 729-1 736.
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