腾冲红花油茶营养器官主要矿质元素含量年内变化分析
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摘要
以腾冲红花油茶实生40a纯林为对象,研究腾冲红花油茶叶片、枝干和根系中的氮、磷、钾、镁元素含量的年内变化规律。结果表明,腾冲红花油茶营养器官的氮、磷、钾、镁元素含量比例约为9︰1︰4︰1,各元素在叶片中的含量较高,根系中的含量较低。此外,各营养器官的氮、磷、钾、镁元素含量的年内变化规律不同,叶片和枝干中氮、磷、钾、镁元素含量总体上表现出"下降-上升-下降"的变化趋势,而根系中的氮、磷、镁元素含量则表现出"上升-下降-上升"的变化趋势。从1月份至3、4月份,叶片和枝干中氮、磷、钾、镁元素的含量逐渐下降,5月份各元素的含量显著升高。与叶片和枝干不同,根系中磷和镁元素在1-4月表现出明显上升趋势,而氮和钾元素含量变化不明显,5-8月,各元素表现出下降趋势。由此可知,腾冲红花油茶冬季施肥应注重磷、镁元素的施用,4月份春季追施复合肥,氮、磷、钾元素比例宜控制在9︰1︰4。
The 40-year-old bearing trees of Camellia reticulata were selected to study the annual changes of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K) and magnesium(Mg)content in leaves,branches and roots.The results showed that the ratio of N,P,K and Mg contents in organs of Camellia reticulata was 9︰1︰4︰1 and the element content was higher in leaves and relatively lower in roots.In addition,the annual changes pattern of the mineral elements content were different in different organs.The annual changes of N,P,K and Mg contents showed a‘decline-rise-decline'trend in leaves and branches,while a‘rise-decline-rise'trend was found in roots.The N,P,K and Mg contents in leaves and branches decreased gradually from January to March or April and increased significantly in May.Differently from leaves and branches,the P and Mg content in roots increased while no obviously changes of N and K were found from January to April.Then the N,P,K and Mg contents in roots showed a decline trend from May to August.To sum up,we need to pay attention to P and Mg fertilization in winter and the appropriate ratio for N,P and K topdressing of Camellia reticulata was 9︰1︰4 in April.
The 40-year-old bearing trees of Camellia reticulata were selected to study the annual changes of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K) and magnesium(Mg)content in leaves,branches and roots.The results showed that the ratio of N,P,K and Mg contents in organs of Camellia reticulata was 9︰1︰4︰1 and the element content was higher in leaves and relatively lower in roots.In addition,the annual changes pattern of the mineral elements content were different in different organs.The annual changes of N,P,K and Mg contents showed a‘decline-rise-decline'trend in leaves and branches,while a‘rise-decline-rise'trend was found in roots.The N,P,K and Mg contents in leaves and branches decreased gradually from January to March or April and increased significantly in May.Differently from leaves and branches,the P and Mg content in roots increased while no obviously changes of N and K were found from January to April.Then the N,P,K and Mg contents in roots showed a decline trend from May to August.To sum up,we need to pay attention to P and Mg fertilization in winter and the appropriate ratio for N,P and K topdressing of Camellia reticulata was 9︰1︰4 in April.
引文
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[2]冯国楣,夏丽芳.云南山茶花[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1981.
[3]贾良志,周俊.中国油脂[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
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[15]胡冬南,游美红,袁生贵,等.不同配方施肥对幼龄油茶的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(1):94-97.
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[17]潘德森,雷永松,邓先珍,等.油茶盛果期叶片中氮、磷、钾营养元素的初步研究[J].湖北林业科技,1991(4):6-10.
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[19]严江勤,姚小华,曹永庆,等.不同品种和林分油茶树体矿质元素含量差异分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(10):1-5.
[20]黄佳聪,陆斌,阚欢,等.腾冲红花油茶籽油主要理化成分分析[J].西南林学院学报,2010,30(5):29-32.
[21]郭玉红,司马永康,徐德兵,等.腾冲红花油茶花器官的数量性状变异研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2018,38(6):203-207.
[22]黄佳聪,何俊,尹瑞萍,等.腾冲红花油茶自然和人工种群种实性状变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(5):94-101.
[23]黄佳聪,郭军,罕新艳,等.腾冲红花油茶芽苗砧嫁接技术及其成效分析[J].西部林业科学,2011,40(2):84-87.
[24]靳高中,杨水平,姚小华,等.腾冲红花油茶果实主要性状变异分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(12):48-53.
[25]靳高中,姚小华,任华东,等.腾冲红花油茶产量及脂肪酸组成变异研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):492-498.
[26]沈立新,梁洛辉,王庆华,等.腾冲红花油茶自然类型及其品种类群划分[J].林业资源管理,2009(6):75-79.
[27]杨忠品,谢胤,辛成莲,等.高黎贡山以西油用腾冲红花油茶种质资源调查报告[J].林业调查规划,2015,40(1):86-90.
[28]李溯.云南山茶花[M].昆明:云南科技术版社,2016.
[29]李世成.云南省腾冲县红花油茶资源调查及利用分析[J].西南林学院学报,2008,23(3):11-19.
[30]谢胤.腾冲红花油茶古树病虫害、寄生植物危害调查及保护建议[J].林业调查规划,2012,37(6):77-80.
[31]辛成莲,石卓功,黄佳聪,等.腾冲红花油茶座果率及结实率研究[J].西部林业科学,2011,40(4):60-64.
[2]冯国楣,夏丽芳.云南山茶花[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1981.
[3]贾良志,周俊.中国油脂[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[4]黄佳聪,陆斌,阚欢,等.腾冲红花油茶栽培与籽油制取技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[5]吴询.茶树的钙镁营养及土壤调控[J].茶叶科学,1994,14(2):115-121.
[6]张亚莲,常硕其,傅海平,等.茶树土壤镁含量对茶树生长及产量品质的影响[J].贵州科学,2008,26(2):30-33.
[7]曹永庆,王开良,任华东,等.油茶树体对钙镁硫元素年吸收和积累规律研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(10):58-62.
[8]曹永庆,任华东,林萍,等.油茶树体对氮磷钾元素年吸收和积累规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):442-448.
[9]韦雍时.磷、尿素、茶饼及其相互配合施用对油茶的增产效果[J].浙江农业大学学报,1985,11(2):191-196.
[10]刘欲晓,谭湘伟.油茶优良无性系林配方施肥促丰产试验研究[J].湖南林业科技,2001,28(4):81-82.
[11]陈永忠,彭邵锋,王湘南,等.油茶高产栽培系列技术研究——配方施肥试验[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(5):650-655.
[12]申巍,杨水平,姚小华,等.施肥对油茶生长和结实特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(2):239-242.
[13]方建初,谢明信,彭仲明.施用不同氮肥量对油茶产油量及营养物质代谢的影响[J].湖北林业科技,1980(3):1-13.
[14]彭选明,陈学斌,朱兆民,等.油茶吸磷规律及磷对油茶保果作用初探[J].湖南林业科技,1990(4):25-26.
[15]胡冬南,游美红,袁生贵,等.不同配方施肥对幼龄油茶的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(1):94-97.
[16]郭传州,陈建华,周强,等.油茶林地与树体内营养元素的变化研究[J].湖北林业科技,1994,21(2):13-18.
[17]潘德森,雷永松,邓先珍,等.油茶盛果期叶片中氮、磷、钾营养元素的初步研究[J].湖北林业科技,1991(4):6-10.
[18]姜志娜,谭晓风,袁军,等.油茶果实和叶片中主要营养物质含量的变化规律[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(5):42-45.
[19]严江勤,姚小华,曹永庆,等.不同品种和林分油茶树体矿质元素含量差异分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(10):1-5.
[20]黄佳聪,陆斌,阚欢,等.腾冲红花油茶籽油主要理化成分分析[J].西南林学院学报,2010,30(5):29-32.
[21]郭玉红,司马永康,徐德兵,等.腾冲红花油茶花器官的数量性状变异研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2018,38(6):203-207.
[22]黄佳聪,何俊,尹瑞萍,等.腾冲红花油茶自然和人工种群种实性状变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(5):94-101.
[23]黄佳聪,郭军,罕新艳,等.腾冲红花油茶芽苗砧嫁接技术及其成效分析[J].西部林业科学,2011,40(2):84-87.
[24]靳高中,杨水平,姚小华,等.腾冲红花油茶果实主要性状变异分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(12):48-53.
[25]靳高中,姚小华,任华东,等.腾冲红花油茶产量及脂肪酸组成变异研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):492-498.
[26]沈立新,梁洛辉,王庆华,等.腾冲红花油茶自然类型及其品种类群划分[J].林业资源管理,2009(6):75-79.
[27]杨忠品,谢胤,辛成莲,等.高黎贡山以西油用腾冲红花油茶种质资源调查报告[J].林业调查规划,2015,40(1):86-90.
[28]李溯.云南山茶花[M].昆明:云南科技术版社,2016.
[29]李世成.云南省腾冲县红花油茶资源调查及利用分析[J].西南林学院学报,2008,23(3):11-19.
[30]谢胤.腾冲红花油茶古树病虫害、寄生植物危害调查及保护建议[J].林业调查规划,2012,37(6):77-80.
[31]辛成莲,石卓功,黄佳聪,等.腾冲红花油茶座果率及结实率研究[J].西部林业科学,2011,40(4):60-64.