写于空无——阿特伍德诗歌的留白美学、女性创作与国族认同
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摘要
以留白美学为切入点研究玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《穆迪日记》及其他诗歌,可以解读出其作品的深层意义和美学意蕴。阿特伍德持续寻找女性文学传统和加拿大文学传统。她创作的女作家形象敢想敢言、不落俗套、有强烈的主体意识,她书写女性移民对土地和国家从陌生到熟悉、认同的过程。阿特伍德的诗歌和插图采用空白、消失、虚无的意象,象征几十年前加拿大文学和女性文学的空白状态,揭示他们的作品面临再度被淹没的威胁。加拿大国家文学的发展不能没有女作家的参与,她们的创作应得到认可并纳入发展图景之中。
Analyzing from the perspective of blank-leaving aesthetics will help deeply digging into the meanings and the poetic qualities of The Journals of Susanna Moodie and other poems of Margaret Atwood. Atwood keeps looking for traditions of women's literature and Canadian literature by creating female characters as writers who are brave,unique and self-consciousness and then illustrates how the female immigrants feel from strange to familiar and then identified with the new land and the new country. The images of blank,disappearing and nothingness in the poems and the insert illustrations symbolize the blank situation of Canadian literature and women's literature in the past decades,reveal the situation that these works are threaten to be disappeared. The development of Canadian literature should not leave women's writers behind but should join together and recognize women's contributions.
Analyzing from the perspective of blank-leaving aesthetics will help deeply digging into the meanings and the poetic qualities of The Journals of Susanna Moodie and other poems of Margaret Atwood. Atwood keeps looking for traditions of women's literature and Canadian literature by creating female characters as writers who are brave,unique and self-consciousness and then illustrates how the female immigrants feel from strange to familiar and then identified with the new land and the new country. The images of blank,disappearing and nothingness in the poems and the insert illustrations symbolize the blank situation of Canadian literature and women's literature in the past decades,reveal the situation that these works are threaten to be disappeared. The development of Canadian literature should not leave women's writers behind but should join together and recognize women's contributions.
引文
[1]Grace,Sherrill. Violent Duality:A Study of Margaret Atwood[M].Montreal:Véhicule Press,1980.
[2][加拿大]玛格丽特·阿特伍德.吃火[M].周瓒,译.郑州:河南大学出版社,2015.
[3]Boutelle,Ann Edwards. Margaret Atwood,Margaret Laurence,and Their Nineteenth-Century Forerunners. In Faith of a(Woman)Writer[M]. Ed. Harris Alice Kessler and William Mc Brien. Westport:Greenwood,1988.
[4]Cooley,Dennis. Nearer by Far:The Upset“I”in Margaret Atwood's Poetry. Colin Nicholson(ed.),Margaret Atwood:Writing and Subjectivity:New Critical Essays[M]. New York:St. Martin's Press. 1994.
[5]Gorjup,Branko. Margaret Atwood's Poetry and Poetics. in Coral Ann Howells,The Cambridge Companion to Margaret Atwood[M]. New York:Cambridge University Press. 2006.
[6]Relke,Diana M. A. Greenwor(l)ds:Ecocritical Readings of Canadian Women's Poetry[M]. Calgary:University of Calgary Press. 2000.
[7]Murray,Patrick.‘These Vistas of Desolation':Image and Poetry in Margaret Atwood and Charles Pachter's The Journals of Susanna Moodie[J]. British Journal of Canadian Studies,2011,(Volume 24,Issue 1).
[8][清]笪重光,撰.王翚,恽格,评.画筌[M]//俞剑华,编著.中国画论类编.北京:人民美术出版社. 1957.
[9][宋]苏轼.苏轼诗集[M].北京:中华书局. 1928.
[10]Atwood,Margaret. Why I Write Poetry?[J]. This Magazine,1996(29).
[11]Atwood,Margaret. Why Poetry?[J]. Prairie Fire,2008(29).
[12]Gibson, Graeme. Eleven Canadian Novelists(Interviewed by Graeme Gibson)[M]. Toronto:Anansi,1973.
[13]Atwood,Margaret. If You Can't Say Something Nice,Don't Say Anything at All,in Language in Her Eye:Views by Canadian Women Writing in English[M]. Libby Scheier,Sarah Sheard,and Eleanor Wachtel(ed.). Toronto:Coach House Press,1990.
[14]Atwood,Margaret. The Journals of Susanna Moodie[M]. Toronto:Oxford University Press. 1970.
[15]Story,Norah. The Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature[M]. Toronto:Oxford University Press,1967.
[16][美]桑德拉·吉尔伯特和苏珊·古芭.阁楼上的疯女人:女性作家与19世纪文学想象[M].杨莉馨,译.上海:上海人民出版社. 2015.
[17]Atwood,Margaret. True Stories[M]. Toronto:Oxford University Press. 1981.
[18]Juhasz,Suzanne. Naked and Fiery Forms:Modern American Poetry by Women,a New Tradition[M]. New York:Harper Colophon. 1976.
[19]Wood,Gayle. On Margaret Atwood's Selected Poems[J]. The American Poetry Review,1979,(Vol. 8,No. 5).
[20]Purdy,A. W. Atwood's The Journals of Susanna Moodie,in McCombs,Judith(ed.). Critical Essays on Margaret Atwood[M]. Boston:G. K. Hall&Co.,1988.
[21]老子.道德经(第15章)[M]//集唐字老子道德经注(魏).王弼,注.杭州:西泠印社出版社,2017.
[22]Verwaayen,K. J..“Ethical Relations,Intertextuality,and the Im/Possibilities of an‘Intersubjective Third'in Margaret Atwood's The Journals of Susanna Moodie”[J]. Contemporary Women's Writing,2014(8).
[23]Atwood,Margaret. Shteir,Ann B. Women on Women. Series Frank Gerstein Lectures 1976[M]. Toronto:York University. 1978.
(1)《穆迪日记》英文原著有两个版本:Atwood,Margaret.The Journals of Susanna Moodie[M].Toronto:Oxford University Press.1970.Margaret Atwood and Charles Pachter.The Journals of Susanna Moodie[M].Toronto:Macfarlane Walter&Ross.1997.本文引用阿特伍德的诗歌主要参阅译本:玛格丽特·阿特伍德:《吃火》,周瓒译,河南大学出版社,2015年版。
(1)《向一首从未能写出来的诗歌致意》(“Notes Towards a Poem That Can Never Be Written”)阿特伍德把这首诗歌献给以政治诗歌著称的卡洛琳·富歇(Carolyn Forché),收录于《真实的故事》(True Stories,1981)。
[2][加拿大]玛格丽特·阿特伍德.吃火[M].周瓒,译.郑州:河南大学出版社,2015.
[3]Boutelle,Ann Edwards. Margaret Atwood,Margaret Laurence,and Their Nineteenth-Century Forerunners. In Faith of a(Woman)Writer[M]. Ed. Harris Alice Kessler and William Mc Brien. Westport:Greenwood,1988.
[4]Cooley,Dennis. Nearer by Far:The Upset“I”in Margaret Atwood's Poetry. Colin Nicholson(ed.),Margaret Atwood:Writing and Subjectivity:New Critical Essays[M]. New York:St. Martin's Press. 1994.
[5]Gorjup,Branko. Margaret Atwood's Poetry and Poetics. in Coral Ann Howells,The Cambridge Companion to Margaret Atwood[M]. New York:Cambridge University Press. 2006.
[6]Relke,Diana M. A. Greenwor(l)ds:Ecocritical Readings of Canadian Women's Poetry[M]. Calgary:University of Calgary Press. 2000.
[7]Murray,Patrick.‘These Vistas of Desolation':Image and Poetry in Margaret Atwood and Charles Pachter's The Journals of Susanna Moodie[J]. British Journal of Canadian Studies,2011,(Volume 24,Issue 1).
[8][清]笪重光,撰.王翚,恽格,评.画筌[M]//俞剑华,编著.中国画论类编.北京:人民美术出版社. 1957.
[9][宋]苏轼.苏轼诗集[M].北京:中华书局. 1928.
[10]Atwood,Margaret. Why I Write Poetry?[J]. This Magazine,1996(29).
[11]Atwood,Margaret. Why Poetry?[J]. Prairie Fire,2008(29).
[12]Gibson, Graeme. Eleven Canadian Novelists(Interviewed by Graeme Gibson)[M]. Toronto:Anansi,1973.
[13]Atwood,Margaret. If You Can't Say Something Nice,Don't Say Anything at All,in Language in Her Eye:Views by Canadian Women Writing in English[M]. Libby Scheier,Sarah Sheard,and Eleanor Wachtel(ed.). Toronto:Coach House Press,1990.
[14]Atwood,Margaret. The Journals of Susanna Moodie[M]. Toronto:Oxford University Press. 1970.
[15]Story,Norah. The Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature[M]. Toronto:Oxford University Press,1967.
[16][美]桑德拉·吉尔伯特和苏珊·古芭.阁楼上的疯女人:女性作家与19世纪文学想象[M].杨莉馨,译.上海:上海人民出版社. 2015.
[17]Atwood,Margaret. True Stories[M]. Toronto:Oxford University Press. 1981.
[18]Juhasz,Suzanne. Naked and Fiery Forms:Modern American Poetry by Women,a New Tradition[M]. New York:Harper Colophon. 1976.
[19]Wood,Gayle. On Margaret Atwood's Selected Poems[J]. The American Poetry Review,1979,(Vol. 8,No. 5).
[20]Purdy,A. W. Atwood's The Journals of Susanna Moodie,in McCombs,Judith(ed.). Critical Essays on Margaret Atwood[M]. Boston:G. K. Hall&Co.,1988.
[21]老子.道德经(第15章)[M]//集唐字老子道德经注(魏).王弼,注.杭州:西泠印社出版社,2017.
[22]Verwaayen,K. J..“Ethical Relations,Intertextuality,and the Im/Possibilities of an‘Intersubjective Third'in Margaret Atwood's The Journals of Susanna Moodie”[J]. Contemporary Women's Writing,2014(8).
[23]Atwood,Margaret. Shteir,Ann B. Women on Women. Series Frank Gerstein Lectures 1976[M]. Toronto:York University. 1978.
(1)《穆迪日记》英文原著有两个版本:Atwood,Margaret.The Journals of Susanna Moodie[M].Toronto:Oxford University Press.1970.Margaret Atwood and Charles Pachter.The Journals of Susanna Moodie[M].Toronto:Macfarlane Walter&Ross.1997.本文引用阿特伍德的诗歌主要参阅译本:玛格丽特·阿特伍德:《吃火》,周瓒译,河南大学出版社,2015年版。
(1)《向一首从未能写出来的诗歌致意》(“Notes Towards a Poem That Can Never Be Written”)阿特伍德把这首诗歌献给以政治诗歌著称的卡洛琳·富歇(Carolyn Forché),收录于《真实的故事》(True Stories,1981)。