表面光洁度对氧化处理工业纯锆干磨损行为的影响（英文）
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摘要
研究在干磨条件下表面光洁度对氧化处理工业纯锆(CP-Zr)摩擦磨损性能的影响。CP-Zr试样经表面打磨后(R_a=0.21μm),在650℃氧化6 h。氧化后,部分试样经过抛光而取得镜面光洁度(R_a=0.04μm)。采用单向滑动试验对抛光和未抛光的氧化试样进行比较测试。结果表明,表面抛光对氧化CP-Zr的干摩擦磨损性能有较大的影响,包括磨擦因数、磨损速率、裂纹形成和氧化层破裂。表面抛光加快在干磨擦过程中半圆形裂纹的形成和氧化层的破裂。在高接触应力下,稍微粗造的氧化表面有利于减缓裂纹的形成和耐磨性的提高。并对磨损机理,包括裂纹形成、扩展和断裂进行探讨。
The effect of surface polishing on the wear behavior of thermally oxidized commercial pure zirconium(CP-Zr) under dry sliding conditions was investigated. Surface ground CP-Zr with a roughness of 0.21 μm(R_a) was thermally oxidized(TO) at 650 ℃ for 6 h. After TO, some samples were polished to smoothen the surface with a finish of 0.04 μm(R_a). The response of the polished and unpolished TO samples to dry sliding wear was investigated under unidirectional sliding conditions. The results show that surface polishing after TO affects the dry sliding wear behavior of TO CP-Zr in several aspects, including coefficient of friction, wear rate, crack formation and oxide layer breakdown. In particular, it is found that smoothening the TO surface favors the formation of semi-circular cracks in the wear track and accelerates oxide layer breakdown during dry sliding. A slightly rough TO surface helps to reduce the tendency of the oxide layer towards cracking and to increase the wear resistance at high contact loads. The mechanisms involved are discussed in terms of asperity contacts, crack formation, propagation and final fracture.
The effect of surface polishing on the wear behavior of thermally oxidized commercial pure zirconium(CP-Zr) under dry sliding conditions was investigated. Surface ground CP-Zr with a roughness of 0.21 μm(R_a) was thermally oxidized(TO) at 650 ℃ for 6 h. After TO, some samples were polished to smoothen the surface with a finish of 0.04 μm(R_a). The response of the polished and unpolished TO samples to dry sliding wear was investigated under unidirectional sliding conditions. The results show that surface polishing after TO affects the dry sliding wear behavior of TO CP-Zr in several aspects, including coefficient of friction, wear rate, crack formation and oxide layer breakdown. In particular, it is found that smoothening the TO surface favors the formation of semi-circular cracks in the wear track and accelerates oxide layer breakdown during dry sliding. A slightly rough TO surface helps to reduce the tendency of the oxide layer towards cracking and to increase the wear resistance at high contact loads. The mechanisms involved are discussed in terms of asperity contacts, crack formation, propagation and final fracture.
引文
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[29]SUN Y,DEARNLEY P A,MALLIA B.Response of duplex Cr(N)/Sand Cr(C)/S coatings on 316L stainless steel to tribocorrosion in0.89%NaCl solution under plastic contact conditions[J].Journal of Biomedical Materials Research:Part B,2017,105:1503-1513.
[30]MAO K,SUN Y,BELL T.A numerical model for dry sliding contact of layered elastic bodies with rough surfaces[J].STLE Tribology Transactions,1996,39(2):416-424.
[31]MAO K,SUN Y,BLOYCE A,DONG H.Surface coating effects on contact stress and wear:an approach of surface engineering design and modelling[J].Surface Engineering,2010,26:142-148.
[2]HUNTER G,DICKINSON J,HERB B,GRAHAM R.Creation of oxidized zirconium orthopaedic implants.ZARDIACKAS L D,KRAAY M J,FREESE H L,Eds.Titanium,niobium,zirconium,and tantalum for medical and surgical applications[M].West Conshohocken,PA,ASTM STP 1471,American Society for Testing and Materials,2006:16-29.
[3]CHEVALIER J.What future for zirconia as a biomaterial?[J].Biomaterials,2006,27:535-543.
[4]WEBSTER R T.Zirconium for chemical processing applications[J].Metals Progress,1978,113(2):62-64.
[5]HAYGARTH J C,FENWICK L J.Improved wear resistance of zirconium by enhanced oxide films[J].Thin Solid Films,1984,118:351-362.
[6]JI R,LI X Y,DONG H.Ceramic conversion treatment of zirconium alloys to combat wear[J].Surface Engineering,2010,26:30-36.
[7]HUNTER G,ASGIAN C M,HINES G I.Methods of surface hardening zirconium alloys and resulting products[J].United States Patent,US 6447550[P].2002-09-10.
[8]PAWAR V,WEAVER C,JANI S.Physical characterization of a new composition of oxidized zirconium-2.5 wt%niobium produced using a two step process for biomedical applications[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,257:6118-6124.
[9]CHENG Ying-liang,WU Fan.Plasma electrolytic oxidation of zircaloy-4 alloy with DC regime and properties of coatings[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22:1638-1646.
[10]WANG L,HU X,NIE X.Deposition and properties of zirconia coatings on a zirconium alloy produced by pulsed DC plasma electrolytic oxidation[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2013,221:150-157.
[11]ALANSARI A,SUN Y.Effect of oxidation time on the tribological behavior of thermally oxidized commercially pure zirconium under dry sliding conditions[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2017,309:195-202.
[12]PATEL A M,SPECTOR M.Tribological evaluation of oxidized zirconium using an articular cartilage counterface:A novel material for potential use in hemiarthroplasty[J].Biomaterials,1997,18:441-447.
[13]GOOD V,WIDDING K,HUNTER G,HEUER D.Oxidized zirconium:A potentially longer lasting hip implant[J].Materials Design,2005,26:618-622.
[14]GALETZ M C,FLEISCHMANN E W,KONRAD C H,SCHUETZA,GLATZEL U.Abrasion resistance of oxidized zirconium in comparison with CoCrMo and titanium nitride coatings for artificial knee joints[J].Journal of Biomedical Materials Research:Part B,2010,93:244-251.
[15]DESJARDINS J D,BURNIKEL B,LABERGE M.UHMWPE wear against oxidized zirconium and CoCr femoral knee components during force-controlled simulation[J].Wear,2008,264:245-256.
[16]EZZET K A,HERMIDA J C,STEKLOV N,D’LIMA D D.Wear of polyethylene against zirconium femoral components[J].The Journal of Arthroplasty,2012,27:116-121.
[17]INNOCENTI M,MATASSI F,CARULLI C,NISTRI L,CIVININIR.Oxidized zirconium femoral component for TKA:A follow-up note of a previous report at a minimum 10 years[J].The Knee,2014,21:858-861.
[18]SVAHN F,KASSMAN-RUDOLPHI A,WALLEN E.The influence of surface roughness on friction and wear of machine element coatings[J].Wear,2003,254:1092-1098.
[19]HANIEF M,WANI M F.Effect of surface roughness on wear rate during running-in of En31-steel:Model and experimental validation[J].Materials Letter,2016,176:91-93.
[20]BAYER R G,SIRICO J L.The influence of surface roughness on wear[J].Wear,1975,35:251-260.
[21]FEDERICI M,MENAPACE C,MOSCATELLI A,GIALANELLA S.Effect of roughness on the wear behaviour of HVOF coatings dry sliding against a friction material[J].Wear,2016,368-369:316-334.
[22]RAHAMAN M L,ZHANG L,LIU Mei,LIU W.Surface roughness effect on the friction and wear of bulk metallic glasses[J].Wear,2015,332-333:1231-1237.
[23]JIANG J,ARNELL R D.The effect of substrate surface roughness on the wear of DLC coatings[J].Wear,2000,239:1-9.
[24]TAKADOUM J,BENNANI H H.Influence of substrate roughness and coating thickness on adhesion,friction and wear of TiN films[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1997,96:272-282.
[25]KUBIAK K J,LISKIEWICZ T W,MATHIA T G.Surface morphology in engineering applications:influence of roughness on sliding and wear in dry fretting[J].Tribology International,2011,44:1427-1432.
[26]LEE S C,HO W Y,LAI F D.Effect of substrate surface roughness on the characteristics of CrN hard film[J].Mater Chemical Physics,1996,43:266-273.
[27]BULL S J,CHALKER P R,JOHNSTON C,MOORE V.The effect of roughness on the friction and wear of diamond thin films[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1994,68-69:603-610.
[28]PLOC R A.An electron microscope study of breakaway oxidation of zirconium at 623 K[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,1980,91:322-328.
[29]SUN Y,DEARNLEY P A,MALLIA B.Response of duplex Cr(N)/Sand Cr(C)/S coatings on 316L stainless steel to tribocorrosion in0.89%NaCl solution under plastic contact conditions[J].Journal of Biomedical Materials Research:Part B,2017,105:1503-1513.
[30]MAO K,SUN Y,BELL T.A numerical model for dry sliding contact of layered elastic bodies with rough surfaces[J].STLE Tribology Transactions,1996,39(2):416-424.
[31]MAO K,SUN Y,BLOYCE A,DONG H.Surface coating effects on contact stress and wear:an approach of surface engineering design and modelling[J].Surface Engineering,2010,26:142-148.