绍兴地区热岛效应的季节变化及年际差异的成因分析
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摘要
文章从绍兴市5个气象站的气温数据中挑选城市和郊区的代表性站点研究近30年来的温度变化,发现城郊温差是呈波动上升趋势的;从中挑选期间的4个年份,重点研究绍兴地区热岛效应的季节变化特征,发现四季变化中夏季最容易出现热岛效应,且低强度热岛和中等强度热岛所占比重较大。随后进行年际对比研究,发现年际差异主要显现在2001年以后热岛效应频率和强度的增长幅度均增大,其中是中等强度在次数和强度上的比重加大,在热岛效应增加的角度上有决定性意义。查阅文献分析该结论的产生原因,发现2000—2010年热岛强度呈倍数增长,这可能和2000年以后工业比重逐年增大有关。滨海工业区和袍江工业区的建立带来了产业规模的扩大,引起了工业用地的增加,大量外来人口的流入也带动了基础设施建设、房地产业、商业、餐饮、娱乐等的快速发展,使城区周边地区得到开发。工业的发展和人口的增加是导致绍兴热岛效应年际变化,且主要呈增长趋势的主要原因。
Taking Shaoxing City as an example,this paper analyzed the seasonal variation trend of suburban temperature difference in the past 30 years. Selecting representative sites from city core and suburbs based on the temperature data from five weather stations in Shaoxing,the authors studied the temperature changes in the past 30 years,and found that the temperature difference in the suburbs was on the rise but also fluctuating. Four years were selected from the period to study the seasonal variation characteristics of the heat island effect in Shaoxing. It was found that the heat island effect was most likely to occur in summer,and the low-intensity and medium-intensity heat islands took up a large proportion. Subsequently,an interannual comparative study was conducted,and the interannual differences were mainly observed in the increase in the frequency and intensity of the heat island effect after 2001.Among them,the contribution of the medium intensity increased in the frequency and intensity,which is decisively significant for the increase in the heat island effect. The reasons was analyzed by reviewing the literature. The heat island intensity has increased exponentially from 2000 to 2010,which may be related to the increasing industrial proportion after 2000. The establishment of Binhai Industrial Zone and Paojiang Industrial Zone has brought about the expansion of industrial scale,which led to an increase of industrial land. The influx of large numbers of migrants also led to the rapid development of infrastructure construction,real estate,commerce,catering and entertainment,which promoted the development of the surrounding areas of the city. The development of industry and the increase of population were the main reasons for the interannual changes in the heat island effect of Shaoxing,which were growing in trend.
Taking Shaoxing City as an example,this paper analyzed the seasonal variation trend of suburban temperature difference in the past 30 years. Selecting representative sites from city core and suburbs based on the temperature data from five weather stations in Shaoxing,the authors studied the temperature changes in the past 30 years,and found that the temperature difference in the suburbs was on the rise but also fluctuating. Four years were selected from the period to study the seasonal variation characteristics of the heat island effect in Shaoxing. It was found that the heat island effect was most likely to occur in summer,and the low-intensity and medium-intensity heat islands took up a large proportion. Subsequently,an interannual comparative study was conducted,and the interannual differences were mainly observed in the increase in the frequency and intensity of the heat island effect after 2001.Among them,the contribution of the medium intensity increased in the frequency and intensity,which is decisively significant for the increase in the heat island effect. The reasons was analyzed by reviewing the literature. The heat island intensity has increased exponentially from 2000 to 2010,which may be related to the increasing industrial proportion after 2000. The establishment of Binhai Industrial Zone and Paojiang Industrial Zone has brought about the expansion of industrial scale,which led to an increase of industrial land. The influx of large numbers of migrants also led to the rapid development of infrastructure construction,real estate,commerce,catering and entertainment,which promoted the development of the surrounding areas of the city. The development of industry and the increase of population were the main reasons for the interannual changes in the heat island effect of Shaoxing,which were growing in trend.
引文
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[11]谢庄,崔继良,陈大刚,等.北京城市热岛效应的昼夜变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2006(1):69-75.
[12]漆梁波.近10年上海盛夏高温及热岛强度变化趋势[J].气象科技,2004(6):433-437.
[13]杨玉华,徐祥德,翁永辉.北京城市边界层热岛的日变化周期模拟[J].应用气象学报,2003(1):61-68.
[2]许格希,裴顺祥,郭泉水.城市热岛效应对气候变暖和植物物候的影响[J].世界林业研究,2011,24(6):12-17.
[3]李晓婷,贾宝全.宁德市蕉城区植被与热岛效应关系[J].中国城市林业,2018,16(2):5-9.
[4]史欣,吴统贵,徐大平,等.广州帽峰山森林公园的“冷岛”效应分析[J].中国城市林业,2005,3(3):46-48.
[5]丁金才,张志凯,奚红,等.上海地区盛夏高温分布和热岛效应的初步研究[J].大气科学,2002(3):412-420,434.
[6]MURPHY D J R.The relation between land-cover and the urban heat island in northeastern Puerto Rico[D].New York:State University of New York,2007.
[7]江田汉,束炯,邓莲堂.上海城市热岛的小波特征[J].热带气象学报,2004(5):515-522.
[8]房贞丽.绍兴市城区扩张与热岛效应的研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2005.
[9]张艳,鲍文杰,余琦,等.超大城市热岛效应的季节变化特征及其年际差异[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1121-1128.
[10]林学椿,于淑秋.北京地区气温的年代际变化和热岛效应[J].地球物理学报,2005(1):39-45.
[11]谢庄,崔继良,陈大刚,等.北京城市热岛效应的昼夜变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2006(1):69-75.
[12]漆梁波.近10年上海盛夏高温及热岛强度变化趋势[J].气象科技,2004(6):433-437.
[13]杨玉华,徐祥德,翁永辉.北京城市边界层热岛的日变化周期模拟[J].应用气象学报,2003(1):61-68.