基于非线性最小二乘曲线拟合的虚拟同步发电机惯量与阻尼系数测量方法
|
摘要
虚拟同步发电机(VSG)技术是解决经由电力电子变流器并网的新能源发电渗透率逐渐提高下系统惯性与阻尼减小问题的有效手段。目前的VSG研究多侧重于技术的优化与改进,少有特性测量方面的研究成果。在实际的VSG应用中也通常是使用惯性时间常数τ综合表征系统转动惯量J与阻尼系数D,这种表征方式中转动惯量与阻尼系数耦合,无法明确各参数的具体数值。为了解决该问题,基于非线性最小二乘曲线拟合法,分析了发电系统在离网、并网不同运行工况与阻尼状态的时域单位阶跃响应函数。定性介绍了一种利用动态响应指标测量J、D的方法。实际测量方法以曲线拟合法为基础,借鉴了一种用于同步发电机转动惯量测量的甩负荷实验,结合并网功率阶跃实验,得到了一种可以自验证的综合测量方法。最后通过多组不同参数与工况的仿真与实验验证了该方法的有效性。
The Virtual Synchronous Generator(VSG) technology is an effective means to solve the problem of system inertia reduction under the increasing penetration of new energy that connect to the grid by power electronic converter. The current VSG researches mostly focus on the optimization and improvement of control strategies, and there is few study on testing the output characteristics of the VSG.In the actual VSG application, inertia J and damping D are generally represented by a inertia time constantτ, in which way the specific values of the parameters can't be figured out for the coupling. To solve this problem, the time domain step response functions of power system in different work status and damping status are analyzed based on nonlinear least-squares curve fitting. Besides, a measurement method using dynamic response indicator is introduced qualitatively. Based on the nonlinear least-squares curve fitting,a self-verifying comprehensive measurement method is obtained by referring to load rejection experiment for synchronous generator inertia test and grid-connected power step experiment. The effectiveness of method proposed in this paper is verified by multiple sets of simulations and experiments.
The Virtual Synchronous Generator(VSG) technology is an effective means to solve the problem of system inertia reduction under the increasing penetration of new energy that connect to the grid by power electronic converter. The current VSG researches mostly focus on the optimization and improvement of control strategies, and there is few study on testing the output characteristics of the VSG.In the actual VSG application, inertia J and damping D are generally represented by a inertia time constantτ, in which way the specific values of the parameters can't be figured out for the coupling. To solve this problem, the time domain step response functions of power system in different work status and damping status are analyzed based on nonlinear least-squares curve fitting. Besides, a measurement method using dynamic response indicator is introduced qualitatively. Based on the nonlinear least-squares curve fitting,a self-verifying comprehensive measurement method is obtained by referring to load rejection experiment for synchronous generator inertia test and grid-connected power step experiment. The effectiveness of method proposed in this paper is verified by multiple sets of simulations and experiments.
引文
[1]Zhong Q C,Hornik T.Control of power inverters in renewable energy and smart grid integration[M].New Jersey:Wiley-IEEE Press,2012.
[2]曾正,赵荣祥,汤胜清,等.可再生能源分散接入用先进并网逆变器研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):1-12.Zeng Zheng,Zhao Rongxiang,Tang Shengqing,et al.An overview on advanced grid-connected inverters used fordecen-tralized renewable energy resources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):1-12.
[3]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报2017,37(2):349-359.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359.
[4]孔剑虹,姜学朴,吴江宁,等.梯度因子估计虚拟同步发电机阻尼的配置方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(9):103-109.Kong Jianhong,Jiang Xuepu,Wu Jiangning,et al.Damping configuration of the virtual synchronous generator using gradient factor estimation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(9):103-109.
[5]程启明,张宇,谭冯忍,等.基于Washout滤波器的虚拟同步发电机新型控制方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(16):51-57.Cheng Qiming,Zhang Yu,Tan Fengren,et al.Research on new control method of virtual synchronous generator based on washout filter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(16):51-57.
[6]祝钧,李瑞生,毋炳鑫,等.交直流混合微电网接口变换器虚拟同步发电机控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(11):28-34.Zhu Jun,Li Ruisheng,Wu Bingxin,et al.Virtual synchronous generator operation of interlinking converter between AC and DC microgrids[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(11):28-34.
[7]颜湘武,贾焦心,王德胜,等.虚拟同步发电机的并网并网功率控制及模式平滑切换[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):91-99.Yan Xiangwu,Jia Jiaoxin,Wang Desheng,et al.Synchronous power control and mode smooth switching of virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):91-99.
[8]巩宇,王阳,李智,等.光伏虚拟同步发电机工程应用效果分析及优化[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):91-99.Gong Yu,Wang Yang,Li Zhi,et al.Analysis and optimization of application effect of PV virtual synchronous generator project[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):91-99.
[9]涂春鸣,杨义,兰征,等.含多虚拟同步发电机的微电网二次调频策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(10):2186-2195.Tu Chunming,Yang Yi,Lan Zheng,et al.Secondary frequency regulation strategy in microgrid based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(10):2186-2195.
[10]石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在多能互补微电网中的运行控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):170-180.Shi Rongliang,Zhang Xing,Liu Fang,et al.Control technologies of multi-energy complementary microgrid operation based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):170-180.
[11]石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的微网运行模式无缝切换控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):16-23.Shi Rongliang,Zhang Xing,Xu Haizhen,et al.Seamless switching control strategy of microgrid operation mode based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):16-23.
[12]吕志鹏,罗安,蒋雯倩,等.多逆变器环境微网环流控制新方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(1):40-47.LüZhipeng,Luo An,Jiang Wenqian,et al.A new method for circulating current control of multiinverter environment microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(1):40-47.
[13]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):89-93.Ding Ming,Yang Xiangzhen,Su Jianhui.Microgrid inverter control strategy based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):89-93.
[14]秦晓辉,苏丽宁,迟永宁,等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):36-43.Qin Xiaohui,Su Lining,Chi Yongning,et al.Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):36-43.
[15]曾正,邵伟华.基于线性化模型的虚拟同步发电机惯性和阻尼辨识[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(10):37-43.Zeng Zheng,Shao Weihua.Inertial and damping identification of virtual synchronous generator based on linearization model[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(10):37-43.
[16]吴跨宇,卢岑岑,顾益磊,等.基于负载电压阶跃试验的发电机组转动惯量辨识方法[J].中国电力,2016,49(2):21-25.Wu Kuayu,Lu Cencen,Gu Yilei,et al.Method for identifying rotating inertia of generator set based on load voltage step test[J].Electric Power,2016,49(2):21-25.
[17]汽轮机甩负荷试验导则[S].电力部建设协调司建质[1996]40号,1996:3
[18]李世春,邓长虹,龙志君,等.风电场等效虚拟惯性时间常数计算[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):22-29.Li Shichun,Deng Changhong,Long Zhijun,et al.Calculation of equivalent virtual inertia time constant of wind farm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):22-29.
[19]北极星电力网.清洁发展的技术方案:虚拟同步机与储能技术[EB/OL].[2016-11-30].https://www.sohu.com/a/120289888_131990.
[20]张波,颜湘武,黄毅斌,等.虚拟同步机多机并联稳定控制及其惯量匹配方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):42-52.Zhang Bo,Yan Xiangwu,Huang Yibin,et al.Multimachine parallel stability control and inertia matching method of virtual synchronous machine[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):42-52.
[21]郭斌,王斌,梁雪萍,等.非线性最小二乘法拟合断层面参数及其MatLab实现[J].四川地震,2016(3):29-33.Guo Bin,Wang Bin,Liang Xueping,et al.Non-linear least squares fitting of fault plane parameters and its matlab implementation[J].Earthquake Research Sichuan,2016(3):29-33.
[22]杜威,姜齐荣,陈蛟瑞.微电网电源的虚拟惯性频率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):26-29.Du Wei,Jiang Qirong,Chen Jiaorui.Frequency control strategy of distributed generations based on virtual inertia in a microgird[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):26-29.
[23]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[2]曾正,赵荣祥,汤胜清,等.可再生能源分散接入用先进并网逆变器研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):1-12.Zeng Zheng,Zhao Rongxiang,Tang Shengqing,et al.An overview on advanced grid-connected inverters used fordecen-tralized renewable energy resources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):1-12.
[3]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报2017,37(2):349-359.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359.
[4]孔剑虹,姜学朴,吴江宁,等.梯度因子估计虚拟同步发电机阻尼的配置方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(9):103-109.Kong Jianhong,Jiang Xuepu,Wu Jiangning,et al.Damping configuration of the virtual synchronous generator using gradient factor estimation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(9):103-109.
[5]程启明,张宇,谭冯忍,等.基于Washout滤波器的虚拟同步发电机新型控制方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(16):51-57.Cheng Qiming,Zhang Yu,Tan Fengren,et al.Research on new control method of virtual synchronous generator based on washout filter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(16):51-57.
[6]祝钧,李瑞生,毋炳鑫,等.交直流混合微电网接口变换器虚拟同步发电机控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(11):28-34.Zhu Jun,Li Ruisheng,Wu Bingxin,et al.Virtual synchronous generator operation of interlinking converter between AC and DC microgrids[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(11):28-34.
[7]颜湘武,贾焦心,王德胜,等.虚拟同步发电机的并网并网功率控制及模式平滑切换[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):91-99.Yan Xiangwu,Jia Jiaoxin,Wang Desheng,et al.Synchronous power control and mode smooth switching of virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):91-99.
[8]巩宇,王阳,李智,等.光伏虚拟同步发电机工程应用效果分析及优化[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):91-99.Gong Yu,Wang Yang,Li Zhi,et al.Analysis and optimization of application effect of PV virtual synchronous generator project[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):91-99.
[9]涂春鸣,杨义,兰征,等.含多虚拟同步发电机的微电网二次调频策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(10):2186-2195.Tu Chunming,Yang Yi,Lan Zheng,et al.Secondary frequency regulation strategy in microgrid based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(10):2186-2195.
[10]石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在多能互补微电网中的运行控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):170-180.Shi Rongliang,Zhang Xing,Liu Fang,et al.Control technologies of multi-energy complementary microgrid operation based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):170-180.
[11]石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的微网运行模式无缝切换控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):16-23.Shi Rongliang,Zhang Xing,Xu Haizhen,et al.Seamless switching control strategy of microgrid operation mode based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):16-23.
[12]吕志鹏,罗安,蒋雯倩,等.多逆变器环境微网环流控制新方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(1):40-47.LüZhipeng,Luo An,Jiang Wenqian,et al.A new method for circulating current control of multiinverter environment microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(1):40-47.
[13]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):89-93.Ding Ming,Yang Xiangzhen,Su Jianhui.Microgrid inverter control strategy based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):89-93.
[14]秦晓辉,苏丽宁,迟永宁,等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):36-43.Qin Xiaohui,Su Lining,Chi Yongning,et al.Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):36-43.
[15]曾正,邵伟华.基于线性化模型的虚拟同步发电机惯性和阻尼辨识[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(10):37-43.Zeng Zheng,Shao Weihua.Inertial and damping identification of virtual synchronous generator based on linearization model[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(10):37-43.
[16]吴跨宇,卢岑岑,顾益磊,等.基于负载电压阶跃试验的发电机组转动惯量辨识方法[J].中国电力,2016,49(2):21-25.Wu Kuayu,Lu Cencen,Gu Yilei,et al.Method for identifying rotating inertia of generator set based on load voltage step test[J].Electric Power,2016,49(2):21-25.
[17]汽轮机甩负荷试验导则[S].电力部建设协调司建质[1996]40号,1996:3
[18]李世春,邓长虹,龙志君,等.风电场等效虚拟惯性时间常数计算[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):22-29.Li Shichun,Deng Changhong,Long Zhijun,et al.Calculation of equivalent virtual inertia time constant of wind farm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):22-29.
[19]北极星电力网.清洁发展的技术方案:虚拟同步机与储能技术[EB/OL].[2016-11-30].https://www.sohu.com/a/120289888_131990.
[20]张波,颜湘武,黄毅斌,等.虚拟同步机多机并联稳定控制及其惯量匹配方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):42-52.Zhang Bo,Yan Xiangwu,Huang Yibin,et al.Multimachine parallel stability control and inertia matching method of virtual synchronous machine[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):42-52.
[21]郭斌,王斌,梁雪萍,等.非线性最小二乘法拟合断层面参数及其MatLab实现[J].四川地震,2016(3):29-33.Guo Bin,Wang Bin,Liang Xueping,et al.Non-linear least squares fitting of fault plane parameters and its matlab implementation[J].Earthquake Research Sichuan,2016(3):29-33.
[22]杜威,姜齐荣,陈蛟瑞.微电网电源的虚拟惯性频率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):26-29.Du Wei,Jiang Qirong,Chen Jiaorui.Frequency control strategy of distributed generations based on virtual inertia in a microgird[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):26-29.
[23]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.