大兴安岭中段阿尔山地区第四纪火山地貌特征及其构造意义
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摘要
基于资源三号(ZY-3)的高分辨率卫星影像和数字高程模型(DEM),运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,通过遥感影像解译以及地形起伏度和坡度的定量计算,分析阿尔山火山区的地质地貌特征。共识别出19座第四纪喷发的火山,并且将其划分为5个类型。该区火山地貌按地形起伏度可分为4个类型,以低位中山为主(39.61%),其次为低位低山(36.24%)。80%的椭圆形火山锥长轴走向介于45°～75°之间,中值为58.5°,与NE向排列的小东沟火山-十号沟盆地火山-岩山-高山火山链走向平行。火山锥的马蹄形缺口主要朝向为NE向,也有SW向和NW向。NE向与SW向马蹄形缺口的角度中值相差约180°,NW向的马蹄形缺口与NW向的断裂几乎平行,推测存在控制火山喷发和展布的NE向断裂。根据研究结果推断,中生代的基底断裂使该区形成NE走向的脆弱裂隙带,为岩浆提供良好的上侵通道;裂隙控制着岩浆的上升,形成呈NE向线性分布的火山机构,并最终影响地表火山锥的分布和地貌形态。
Based on ZY-3 high resolution satellite image and digital elevation model(DEM), the authors obtained volcanic geomorphology features in Aershan volcanic region by means of satellite image interpretation, the relief degree of surface and surficial-slope analysis. According to the results of the study, 19 Quaternary volcanos were found. They could be divided into five categories. The landforms can be divided into four classes according to relief degree of surface. Low position middle mountain is the main type(39.61%), followed by low position low mountain(36.24%). 80% of the long axis direction of the elliptical volcanic cones are ranging from 45° to 75° with a median value of 58.5°. It is parallel to the NE-trending volcanic chain of Xiaodonggou volcano-Shihaogou basin volcano-Yanshan-Gaoshan. The horseshoe-shaped craters are in the direction of NE, SW and NW. The median difference between NE and SW horseshoe-shaped craters is about 180°. The NW horseshoe craters are almost parallel to NW faults. The authors predict that there are NE faults controlling volcanic eruption and distribution. Thereby an inference can be drawn that the NE-trending fractured zones were controlled by Mesozoic basement faults in the study area, and provided the channel for magma to approach. Fracture controlled the magma ascending and the formation of NE-trending volcanic apparatus, and eventually affected the distribution of volcanic cones and morphology.
Based on ZY-3 high resolution satellite image and digital elevation model(DEM), the authors obtained volcanic geomorphology features in Aershan volcanic region by means of satellite image interpretation, the relief degree of surface and surficial-slope analysis. According to the results of the study, 19 Quaternary volcanos were found. They could be divided into five categories. The landforms can be divided into four classes according to relief degree of surface. Low position middle mountain is the main type(39.61%), followed by low position low mountain(36.24%). 80% of the long axis direction of the elliptical volcanic cones are ranging from 45° to 75° with a median value of 58.5°. It is parallel to the NE-trending volcanic chain of Xiaodonggou volcano-Shihaogou basin volcano-Yanshan-Gaoshan. The horseshoe-shaped craters are in the direction of NE, SW and NW. The median difference between NE and SW horseshoe-shaped craters is about 180°. The NW horseshoe craters are almost parallel to NW faults. The authors predict that there are NE faults controlling volcanic eruption and distribution. Thereby an inference can be drawn that the NE-trending fractured zones were controlled by Mesozoic basement faults in the study area, and provided the channel for magma to approach. Fracture controlled the magma ascending and the formation of NE-trending volcanic apparatus, and eventually affected the distribution of volcanic cones and morphology.
引文
[1]刘嘉麒.中国东北地区新生代火山岩的年代学研究.岩石学报,1987,3(4):23?33
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[17]王今飞.遥感卫星图像中线性地质特征的自动提取.第四纪研究,2000,20(3):252?258
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[19]王刚,陶晓风,伊海生,等.四川盆地西南缘雅安?名山地区青衣江古河道的变迁及蒙顶山背斜的隆起.第四纪研究,2010,30(4):779?790
[20]李勋,杨环,殷宗敏,等.基于DEM和遥感影像的区域黄土滑坡体识别方法研究.地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(4):86?92
[21]张柳毅,李霓,赵勇伟,等.腾冲火山区地形地貌特征及断裂制约关系--卫片与DEM解译的认识.地震地质,2012,34(4):755?767
[22]刘少峰,王陶,张会平,等.数字高程模型在地表过程研究中的应用.地学前缘,2005,12(1):303?309
[23]李福田,初禹,仲伟成.内蒙古甘奎、诺敏-毕拉河火山群遥感解译的新认识.国土资源遥感,2003,15(3):20?24
[24]高玄彧.地貌基本形态的主客分类法.山地学报,2004,22(3):261?266
[25]龚丽文.内蒙古达里火山群火山地质特征及地貌解译分析[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2015
[26]赵勇伟,樊祺诚,白志达,等.大兴安岭哈拉哈河?淖尔河地区第四纪火山活动初步研究.岩石学报,2008,24(11):2569?2575
[27]江英豪,王成虎,刘卓岩,等.五大连池火山区域古应力场的初步研究--基于火山口模式反演.工程地质学报,2016,24(增刊1):160?166
[28]赵勇伟,樊祺诚,白志达,等.大兴安岭诺敏河?奎勒河地区第四纪火山活动研究.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(9):1464?1473
[2]白志达,田明中,武法东,等.焰山、高山--内蒙古阿尔山火山群中的两座活火山.中国地震,2005,21(1):113?117
[3]白志达,谭庆伟,许桂玲,等.内蒙东部晚第四纪火山活动与新构造.岩石学报,2012,28(4):1099?1107
[4]樊祺诚,赵勇伟,李大明,等.大兴安岭哈拉哈河?绰尔河第四纪火山分期:K-Ar年代学与火山地质特征.岩石学报,2011,27(10):2827?2832
[5]赵勇伟,樊祺诚.大兴安岭哈拉哈河?绰尔河第四纪火山岩地幔源区与岩浆成因.岩石学报,2012,28(4):1119?1129
[6]Ho K,Ge W,Chen J,et al.Late Cenozoic magmatic transitions in the central Great Xing’an Range,Northeast China:geochemical and isotopic constraints on petrogenesis.Chemical Geology,2013,352:1?18
[7]Pan S,Zheng J,Griffin W L,et al.Nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt:constraints from peridotite xenoliths in the central part of the Great Xing’-an range,NE China.Lithos,2015,238:52?63
[8]Sun C,Liu Q,Wu J,et al.The first tephra evidence for a Late Glacial explosive volcanic eruption in the Arxan-Chaihe volcanic field(ACVF),northeast China.Quaternary Geochronology,2017,40:109?119
[9]Németh K,Wu J,Sun C,et al.Update on the volcanic geoheritage values of the Pliocene to Quaternary Arxan-Chaihe volcanic field,Inner Mongolia,China.Geoheritage,2017,9(3):279?297
[10]王丽丽,田明中,白志达.内蒙古阿尔山?柴河火山地质遗迹类型及其特征.资源与产业,2013,15(1):89?95
[11]Wang L,Tian M,Wen X,et al.Geoconservation and geotourism in Arxan-Chaihe volcano area,Inner Mongolia,China.Quaternary International,2014,349:384?391
[12]汤吉,王继军,陈小斌,等.阿尔山火山区地壳上地幔电性结构初探.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):196?202
[13]Liu Y,Niu F,Chen M,et al.3-D crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath NE China revealed by ambient noise adjoint tomography.Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2017,461:20?29
[14]Guo Z,Chen Y J,Ning J,et al.Seismic evidence of on-going sublithosphere upper mantle convection for intra-plate volcanism in Northeast China.Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2016,433:31?43
[15]解惠,田景春,武利文,等.内蒙古阿尔山地区成矿花岗岩形成时代及其找矿意义.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(5):1432?1440
[16]Liu J,Han J,Fyfe W S.Cenozoic episodic volcanism and continental rifting in northeast China and possible link to Japan Sea development as revealed from K-Ar geochronology.Tectonophysics,2001,339(3):385?401
[17]王今飞.遥感卫星图像中线性地质特征的自动提取.第四纪研究,2000,20(3):252?258
[18]付碧宏,二宫芳树,董彦芳,等.三维卫星遥感图像生成技术及其在第四纪构造地貌研究中的应用.第四纪研究,2008,28(2):189?196
[19]王刚,陶晓风,伊海生,等.四川盆地西南缘雅安?名山地区青衣江古河道的变迁及蒙顶山背斜的隆起.第四纪研究,2010,30(4):779?790
[20]李勋,杨环,殷宗敏,等.基于DEM和遥感影像的区域黄土滑坡体识别方法研究.地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(4):86?92
[21]张柳毅,李霓,赵勇伟,等.腾冲火山区地形地貌特征及断裂制约关系--卫片与DEM解译的认识.地震地质,2012,34(4):755?767
[22]刘少峰,王陶,张会平,等.数字高程模型在地表过程研究中的应用.地学前缘,2005,12(1):303?309
[23]李福田,初禹,仲伟成.内蒙古甘奎、诺敏-毕拉河火山群遥感解译的新认识.国土资源遥感,2003,15(3):20?24
[24]高玄彧.地貌基本形态的主客分类法.山地学报,2004,22(3):261?266
[25]龚丽文.内蒙古达里火山群火山地质特征及地貌解译分析[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2015
[26]赵勇伟,樊祺诚,白志达,等.大兴安岭哈拉哈河?淖尔河地区第四纪火山活动初步研究.岩石学报,2008,24(11):2569?2575
[27]江英豪,王成虎,刘卓岩,等.五大连池火山区域古应力场的初步研究--基于火山口模式反演.工程地质学报,2016,24(增刊1):160?166
[28]赵勇伟,樊祺诚,白志达,等.大兴安岭诺敏河?奎勒河地区第四纪火山活动研究.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(9):1464?1473