贵阳中心区土壤氟的地球化学特征及其环境质量评价
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摘要
为摸清土壤氟异常对生态环境的影响,利用贵州省多目标区域地球化学调查(1∶250 000)项目成果,对贵阳中心区土壤氟的地球化学特征进行了深入研究,并采用全氟指数法对土壤环境质量及其生态环境效应进行初步评价.结果表明:(1)贵阳中心区土壤氟含量较高,表层、深层土壤氟含量平均值分别为1 143、1 438 mg/kg,且空间分布变化较大;氟含量随土层深度的增加而升高.(2)不同类型土壤中氟含量变化较大,其中紫色土中含量(1 306 mg/kg)最高,水稻土次之,石灰土、粗骨土、黄壤等差别较小,其含量范围在1 099~1 167 mg/kg之间.(3)土壤氟含量与其母岩呈显著正相关性,且土壤中氟含量较母岩更高,表明风化成土过程中存在一定富集,土壤氟与成土母岩之间具有一定继承性.(4)土壤氟环境质量评价结果表明,研究区土壤存在局部氟污染(异常),污染区、警戒区、安全区和清洁区所占比例分别为13.6%、62.2%、19.2%和5.0%.(5)生态环境效应初步调查结果显示,局部土壤受氟污染区的油菜和稻谷样品中氟含量范围分别为1.86~2.68和10.40~13.50 mg/kg,同时地下水也受到一定程度的氟污染.因此,贵阳中心区土壤氟含量较高,局部土壤已受到氟污染,可能会对农产品质量、饮水安全及人体健康产生一定影响,建议政府部门及科研工作者予以高度重视.
Guizhou is one of provinces where the endemic fluorine diseases are most serious in China.Soil is an important environmental factor for fluorine pollution.In order to find out the influence of soil fluoride anomaly on ecological environment,the soil fluorine content and its geochemical distribution characteristics were studied in depth,and the environmental quality of the soil fluorine in the central area of Guiyang City and ecological environmental effects in the abnormal fluorine area were evaluated preliminarily by using full fluorine index method based on the analysis results of the multipurpose regional geochemical investigation specification(1 ∶ 250,000) relating to soil,rock and crop in the central area of Guiyang City.The results show that:(1) Soil in the central area of Guiyang City has high fluorine content.The mean values of fluorine contents of the shallow and deep layers of soil are 1,143 mg/kg and 1,438 mg/kg,and have bigger spatial distribution change.(2) The fluorine content from different types of soil varies greatly.The purple soil has the highest fluorine content(1,306 mg/kg),followed by the paddy soil.The fluorine contents of the limestone soil,skeleton soil and yellow soil have a small difference,which falls into the range of 1,099-1,167 mg/kg.(3) The fluorine contents of soil and their source rocks have positive correlation,which means that there has certain enrichment during soil forming via rock weathering.In addition,compared with the source rock,the fluorine content in soil is higher.(4) The result of the environmental quality evaluation with the full fluorine index method shows that the soil in the research area has local fluorine pollution with accounting for 13.6%,62.2,19.2% and 5.0% of polluted,guard,safeand clean area,respectively.(5) Furthermore,the survey results of local area soils polluted by fluorine also show that fluorine content of rape and rice samples ranges from 1.86 to 2.68 mg/kg and 10.40 to 13.50 mg/kg,respectively.Meanwhile,the groundwater has been a certain degree of fluorine pollution.Therefore,the soil in the central area of Guiyang City has high fluorine content and the fluorine in the local soil is abnormal,which threatens the environmental quality of the regional soil and human health probably,it is recommended that the relevant governmental departments and science researchers should pay attention to soil pollution of fluorine heavily.
Guizhou is one of provinces where the endemic fluorine diseases are most serious in China.Soil is an important environmental factor for fluorine pollution.In order to find out the influence of soil fluoride anomaly on ecological environment,the soil fluorine content and its geochemical distribution characteristics were studied in depth,and the environmental quality of the soil fluorine in the central area of Guiyang City and ecological environmental effects in the abnormal fluorine area were evaluated preliminarily by using full fluorine index method based on the analysis results of the multipurpose regional geochemical investigation specification(1 ∶ 250,000) relating to soil,rock and crop in the central area of Guiyang City.The results show that:(1) Soil in the central area of Guiyang City has high fluorine content.The mean values of fluorine contents of the shallow and deep layers of soil are 1,143 mg/kg and 1,438 mg/kg,and have bigger spatial distribution change.(2) The fluorine content from different types of soil varies greatly.The purple soil has the highest fluorine content(1,306 mg/kg),followed by the paddy soil.The fluorine contents of the limestone soil,skeleton soil and yellow soil have a small difference,which falls into the range of 1,099-1,167 mg/kg.(3) The fluorine contents of soil and their source rocks have positive correlation,which means that there has certain enrichment during soil forming via rock weathering.In addition,compared with the source rock,the fluorine content in soil is higher.(4) The result of the environmental quality evaluation with the full fluorine index method shows that the soil in the research area has local fluorine pollution with accounting for 13.6%,62.2,19.2% and 5.0% of polluted,guard,safeand clean area,respectively.(5) Furthermore,the survey results of local area soils polluted by fluorine also show that fluorine content of rape and rice samples ranges from 1.86 to 2.68 mg/kg and 10.40 to 13.50 mg/kg,respectively.Meanwhile,the groundwater has been a certain degree of fluorine pollution.Therefore,the soil in the central area of Guiyang City has high fluorine content and the fluorine in the local soil is abnormal,which threatens the environmental quality of the regional soil and human health probably,it is recommended that the relevant governmental departments and science researchers should pay attention to soil pollution of fluorine heavily.
引文
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[7]陈江,张英,沈吉.湖州表层土壤全氟含量分布及评价[J].环境保护科学,2012,38(5):65-68.CHEN Jiang,ZHANG Ying,SHEN Ji.Distribution and evaluation on total fluorine contents in surface soils of Huzhou[J].Environmental Protection Science,2012,38(5):65-68.
[8]谷海峰,栾文楼,杜俊,等.冀中南平原土壤氟地球化学特征及其控制因素[J].物探与化探,2011,35(3):388-392.GU Haifeng,LUAN Wenlou,DU Jun,et al.Fluorine geochemistry of soil in central south Hebei Plain and its controlling factors[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(3):388-392.
[9]刘红樱,赖启宏,陈国光,等.珠江三角洲地区土壤F分布及其与地氟病关系初探[J].中国地质,2010,37(3):657-664.LIU Hongying,LAI Qihong,CHEN Guoguang,et al.Distribution characteristics of fluorine in soils of Zhujiang River Delta in relation to endemic fluorosis[J].Geology in China,2010,37(3):657-664.
[10]黄春雷,丛源,陈岳龙,等.晋南临汾-运城盆地土壤氟含量及其影响因素.地质通报,2007,26(7):877-885.HUANG Chunlei,CONG Yuan,CHEN Yuelong,et al.Fluorine content in soils of the Linfen-Yuncheng Basin,southern Shanxi,China,and its influence factors[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(7):877-885.
[11]莫春雷,宁立波,卢天梅.土壤中氟的垂向分布特征及其与岩性的关系[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(10):49-52.MO Chunlei,NING Libo,LU Tianmei,et al.Vertical distribution characteristics of fluorine in the soil and its relationship with lithology[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2013,36(10):49-52.
[12]BIJENDRA K,ASMAA N,KRITI S,et al.Spatial variability of fluorine in agricultural soils around Sidhi District,Central India[J].Journal Geological Society of India,2016,87(2):227-235.
[13]JINSUNG A,HYUN A,JUNSEOK L,et al.Fluorine distribution in soil in the vicinity of an accidental spillage of hydrofluoric acid in Korea[J].Chemosphere,2015,119(1):577-582.
[14]RADOSLAW S,ZDZISLAW C.Content of fluorine in biomass of crops depending on soil contamination by this element[J].Fluoride,2014,47(4):294-306.
[15]ZHANG C,LI Z,GU M,et al.Spatial and vertical distribution and pollution assessment of soil fluorine in a lead-zinc mining area in the Karst region of Guangxi,China[J].Plant Soil Environment,2010,56(6):282-287.
[16]LOGANATHAN P,GRAY C W,HEDLEY&A M J,et al.Total and soluble fluorine concentrations in relation to properties of soils in New Zealand[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2006,57(6):411-421.
[17]GALINA A E.Fluorine in the soils of the White Sea Basin and bioindication of pollution[J].Chemosphere,2001,42:35-43.
[18]WANG Wuyi,LI Ribang,TAN Jian'an,et al.Adsorption and leaching of fluorine in soils of China[J].Fluoride,2002,35(2):122-129.
[19]GAGO C,ROMAR A,FERNANDEZ-MARCOS M L,et al.Fluorine sorption by soils developed from various parent materials in Galicia(NW Spain)[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2012,374:232-236.
[20]GEESON N A,ABRAHAMS P W,MURPHY M P,et al.Fluorine and metal enrichment of soils and pasture herbage in the old mining areas of Derbyshire,UK[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,1998,68:217-231.
[21]WANG Cheng,YANG Zhongfang,CHEN Lingxiao,et al.The transfer of fluorine in the soil-wheat system and the principal source of fluorine in wheat under actual field conditions[J].Field Crops Research,2012,137:163-169.
[22]薛粟尹,李萍,王胜利,等.干旱区绿洲土壤氟污染生态风险评估研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1075-1081.XUE Suyin,LI Ping,WANG Shengli,et al.Study on ecological risk assessment technology of fluoride pollution from arid oasis soil[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(3):1075-1081.
[23]ZHENG Baoshan,WU Daishe,WANG Binbin,et al.Clay with high fluorine and endemic fluorosis caused by indoor combustion of coal in southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal Geochemistry,2006,25(S1):79-80.
[24]ZHU Lijun,LI Jingyang,MU Chenggang,et al.Environmental geochemistry of fluorine in the rock-soil-water system in the Karst region of central Guizhou Province[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,2000,19(2):145-151.
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