峡东地区埃迪卡拉系灯影组石板滩段沉积环境探讨
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摘要
本文通过对峡东地区埃迪卡拉系灯影组石板滩段典型沉积岩的岩石学特征及沉积构造进行详细研究,取得了石板滩段主体沉积形成于台地边缘浅滩-台缘缓斜坡的较多证据,并首次发现了该段地层中保存的十分完整的诸如丘(洼)状交错层理、粒序层理、冲刷-充填构造、渠铸型构造在内的典型的风暴沉积构造。通过对沉积特征、风暴序列的分析认为石板滩段沉积是受风暴作用改造的产物,其主体沉积背景属于正常浪基面与风暴浪基面附近的受周期性风暴影响的台地边缘-台缘缓斜坡环境。
Based on a detailed study of the rock constituents and sedimentary structure of the typical sediments,the authors found that the depositional?environment?of the Shibantan Member of Dengying Formation was a platform edge shallow-platform margin ramp.According to the outcrop sections and the observation,the authors recognized many depositional characteristics of storm deposits,such as hummocky cross stratifications,scouring-filling structures,graded bedding and convolute bedding.The environment of the Shibantan Member of Dengying Formation was influenced by periodic strong waves or storms,occurring below the normal wave base and above the storm wave base.
Based on a detailed study of the rock constituents and sedimentary structure of the typical sediments,the authors found that the depositional?environment?of the Shibantan Member of Dengying Formation was a platform edge shallow-platform margin ramp.According to the outcrop sections and the observation,the authors recognized many depositional characteristics of storm deposits,such as hummocky cross stratifications,scouring-filling structures,graded bedding and convolute bedding.The environment of the Shibantan Member of Dengying Formation was influenced by periodic strong waves or storms,occurring below the normal wave base and above the storm wave base.
引文
[1]陈孝红.三峡地区震旦系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):66-71.Chen Xiaohong.Carbon and oxygen isotope features of the Sinian carbonate strata in the three gorges region[J].Geological Review,2003,49(1):66-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[3]刘鹏举,尹崇玉,陈寿铭,等.峡东地区震旦(埃迪卡拉)纪年代地层划分的初探[J].地质学报,2012,86(6):849-866 Liu Pengju,Yin Chongyu,Chen Shouming,et al.A preliminary discussion of the chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Sinian(Ediacaran)in the Yangtze Gorges,South China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(6):849-866(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]汪建国,陈代钊,王清晨,等.中扬子地区晚震旦世-早寒武世转折期台-盆演化及烃源岩形成机理[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1102-1110.Wang Jianguo,Chen Daizhao,Wang Qingchen,et al.Platform evolution and marine source rock deposition during the Terminal Sinian to Early Cambrian in the Middle Yangtze Region[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1102-1110(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]陈寿铭,尹崇玉,刘鹏举,等.峡东地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组碳同位素特征研究进展与国内外对比[J].地球学报,2009,30(4):475-486.Chen Shoumin,Yin Congyu,Liu Pengju,et al.Research advances and correlations of carbon isotopic compositions in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation,East Yangtze Gorges,South China[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica.2009,30(4):475-486(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]夏文杰,杜森官,徐新煌,等.中国南方震旦纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:50-62.Xia Wenjie,Du Sengguan,Xu Xinhuang.Sinian lithofacies paleogeography and mineralization in South China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:50-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]尹崇玉,唐烽,柳永清,等.长江三峡地区埃迪卡拉(震旦)系锆石U-Pb新年龄对庙河生物群和马雷诺冰期时限的限定[J].地质通报,2005,24(5):393-400.Yin Chongyu.New U-Pb zircon ages from the Ediacaran(Sinian)System in the Yangtze Gorges:constraint on the age of Miaohe biota and Marinoan glaciation[J].Geologcal Bulletin of China,2005,24(5):393-400(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]陈洪德,田景春,刘文均,等.中国南方海相震旦系-中三叠统层序划分与对比[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(4):355-379.Chen Hongde,Tian Jingchun,Liu Wenjun,et al.Division andcorrelation of the sequences of marine sinian system to middle Triassic series in the south of china[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Sci.&Technol.Ed.,2002,29(4):355-379(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]王传尚,李旭兵,白云山,刘安.湘西北地区震旦系斜坡相区层序地层划分与对比[J].地质通报,2011,30(10):1538-1546 Wang Chuanshang,Li Xubing,Bai Yunshan,et al.The classification and correlation of Sinian sequence stratigraphy on the slope zone in northwestern Hunan Province[J].Geologcal Bulletin of China,2011,30(10):1538-1546(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]王自强,高林志,尹崇玉.峡东地区震旦系等时层序地层格架的建立[J].地质通报,2001,20(4):368-376.Wang Ziqiang,Gao Linzhi,Yin Chongyu.Establishment of theSinian isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework in the eastern Yangtze Gorges area[J].Geologcal Bulletin of China,2001,20(4):368-376(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]尹崇玉,高林志.中国早期具棘刺疑源类的演化及其生物地层学意义[J].地质学报,1995,69(4):360-371.Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi.The early evolution of the acanthomorphic acritarchs in China and their biostratigraphical implication[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1995,69(4):360-371(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]陈孝红,汪啸风,毛晓冬.湘西地区晚震旦世-早寒武世黑色岩系地层层序沉积环境与成因[J].地球学报,1999,20(1):87-95.Chen Xiaohong,Wang Xiaofeng,Mao Xiaodong.Sequence stratigraphy and depositional enviroments of the Late Sinian-Early Cambrian Black Rock Series in Western Hunan and its origins[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1999,20(1):87-95(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,等.湖北宜昌峡东地区震旦系层型剖面化学地层特征及其国际对比[J].地质论评,2002,48(4):408-415.Wang Ziqiang,Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi,et al.China University of Geosciences,Beijing.chemostratigraphic characteristics andCorrelation of the Sinian Stratotype in the Eastern Yangtze Gorges Area,Yichang,Hubei Province[J].Geological Review,2002,48(4):408-415(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Xiao S.New multicellular algal fossils and acritarchs in Doushantuo chert nodules(Neoproterozoic;Yangtze Gorges area,South China)[J].J Paleontol,2004,78:393-401.
[14]赵灿,李旭兵,李志宏,等.湖南慈利震旦系陡山沱组震积岩的发现及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2012,30(6):1032-1041.Zhao Can,Li Xubing,Li Zhihong,et al.Characteristics and geological significance of Seismites of the Doushantuo Formation in Xikou,Hunan Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(6):1032-1041(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]李忠雄,陆永潮,王剑,等.中扬子地区晚震旦世—早寒武世沉积特征及岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2004,6(2):151-162.Li Zhongxiong,Lu Yongchao,Wang Jian,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Sinian and Early Cambrian in middle Yangtze region[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(2):151-162(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]陈孝红,周炼,危凯,等.牙形石稀土元素的环境意义:来自湖北宜昌黄花场奥陶系牙形石的证据[J].科学通报,2011,56(36):3091-3097.Chen Xiaohong,Zhou Lian,Wei Kai,et al.The environmentalindex of the rare elements in conodonts[J].Chinese Scinence Bulletin,2011,56(36):3091-3097(in Chinese).
[17]唐烽,高林志.中国“震旦生物群”[J].地质学报,1998,72(3):193-204.Tang Feng,Tang Feng.Sinian Biota in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1998,72(3):193-204(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Sun Weiguo.Late Precambrian pennatuids(sea pens)from the eastern Yangtze Gorges,China:Paracharia gen.nov.,Prec ambrian Research,1986.31(4):361-375.
[19]Kreisa P D.Storm-generated sedimentary structures in subtidal marine facies with example from the middle and upper Ordovician of south western Virginia[J].Petrol.1981,51(3):54-69.
[20]陈世悦,杨怀宇,李文涛,等.贵州紫云地区上泥盆统风暴重力流沉积特征及地质意义[J].地质学报,2010,84(1):127-132.Chen Shiyue,Yang Huaiyu,Li Wentao,et al.The sedimentary characteristics of the Upper Devonian Tempestite and gravity flow and its geological implications in Ziyun Area,Guizhou[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(1):127-132(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]杜远生,周道华,龚淑云,等.甘肃靖远—景泰泥盆系湖相风暴岩及其古地理意义[J].矿物岩石,2001,21(3):69-73.Du Yuansheng,Zhou Daohua,Gong Shuyun,et al.Tempestite and its palaeogeographical significance of Devonian in Jingyuan and Jingtai Counties,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2001,21(3):69-73(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]胡明毅,贺萍.潮坪风暴沉积特征及其研究意义[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(3):391-395.Hu Mingyi,He Ping.The study of tidal storm deposits and it research signifciance[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2002,17(3):391-395(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]张哲,杜远生,舒雪松,等.鄂东南地区早三叠世风暴沉积序列及其环境意义[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(2):29-34.Zhang Zhe,Du Yuansheng,Shu Xuesong,et al.Sedimentary successions of the Early Triassic Tempestite in Southeastern Hube Province and their environment Significance[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2006,25(2):29-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]梅冥相,周鹏,张海,等.上扬子区震旦系层序地层格架及其形成的古地理背景[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):219-231.Mei Mingxiang,Zhou Peng,Zhang Hai,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and its palaeogeographical background fo the Sinian of Upper Yangtze Region[J].Journal o Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):219-231(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[25]梅冥相,聂瑞贞,张海,等.上扬子区震旦系层序地层划分[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):49-60.Mei Mingxiang,Nie Ruizhen,Zhang Hai,et al.Sequence-stratigraphic division for the Sinian System of the Upper-Yangtze Region[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2006,20(1):49-60(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]Tucker M E.Sedimentary Petrology:An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks[M].Oxford:Blackwell Science Publication,2001:102-121.
[27]顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素[J].古地理学报,2009,11(1):618-630.Gu Jiayu,Ma Feng,Ji Lidan.Types,characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(1):618-630(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]王自强,高林志,尹崇玉.峡东地区震旦系层型剖面的界定与层序划分[J].地质论评,2001,47(5):449-458.Wang Ziqiang,Gao Linzhi,Yin Chongyu.Ascertainment and stratigraphic division of the Sinian stratotype section[J].Geological Review,2001,47(5):449-458(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]刘鹏举,尹崇玉,陈寿铭,等.峡东地区震旦(埃迪卡拉)纪年代地层划分的初探[J].地质学报,2012,86(6):849-866 Liu Pengju,Yin Chongyu,Chen Shouming,et al.A preliminary discussion of the chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Sinian(Ediacaran)in the Yangtze Gorges,South China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(6):849-866(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]汪建国,陈代钊,王清晨,等.中扬子地区晚震旦世-早寒武世转折期台-盆演化及烃源岩形成机理[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1102-1110.Wang Jianguo,Chen Daizhao,Wang Qingchen,et al.Platform evolution and marine source rock deposition during the Terminal Sinian to Early Cambrian in the Middle Yangtze Region[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1102-1110(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]陈寿铭,尹崇玉,刘鹏举,等.峡东地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组碳同位素特征研究进展与国内外对比[J].地球学报,2009,30(4):475-486.Chen Shoumin,Yin Congyu,Liu Pengju,et al.Research advances and correlations of carbon isotopic compositions in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation,East Yangtze Gorges,South China[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica.2009,30(4):475-486(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]夏文杰,杜森官,徐新煌,等.中国南方震旦纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:50-62.Xia Wenjie,Du Sengguan,Xu Xinhuang.Sinian lithofacies paleogeography and mineralization in South China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:50-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]尹崇玉,唐烽,柳永清,等.长江三峡地区埃迪卡拉(震旦)系锆石U-Pb新年龄对庙河生物群和马雷诺冰期时限的限定[J].地质通报,2005,24(5):393-400.Yin Chongyu.New U-Pb zircon ages from the Ediacaran(Sinian)System in the Yangtze Gorges:constraint on the age of Miaohe biota and Marinoan glaciation[J].Geologcal Bulletin of China,2005,24(5):393-400(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]陈洪德,田景春,刘文均,等.中国南方海相震旦系-中三叠统层序划分与对比[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(4):355-379.Chen Hongde,Tian Jingchun,Liu Wenjun,et al.Division andcorrelation of the sequences of marine sinian system to middle Triassic series in the south of china[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Sci.&Technol.Ed.,2002,29(4):355-379(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]王传尚,李旭兵,白云山,刘安.湘西北地区震旦系斜坡相区层序地层划分与对比[J].地质通报,2011,30(10):1538-1546 Wang Chuanshang,Li Xubing,Bai Yunshan,et al.The classification and correlation of Sinian sequence stratigraphy on the slope zone in northwestern Hunan Province[J].Geologcal Bulletin of China,2011,30(10):1538-1546(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]王自强,高林志,尹崇玉.峡东地区震旦系等时层序地层格架的建立[J].地质通报,2001,20(4):368-376.Wang Ziqiang,Gao Linzhi,Yin Chongyu.Establishment of theSinian isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework in the eastern Yangtze Gorges area[J].Geologcal Bulletin of China,2001,20(4):368-376(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]尹崇玉,高林志.中国早期具棘刺疑源类的演化及其生物地层学意义[J].地质学报,1995,69(4):360-371.Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi.The early evolution of the acanthomorphic acritarchs in China and their biostratigraphical implication[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1995,69(4):360-371(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]陈孝红,汪啸风,毛晓冬.湘西地区晚震旦世-早寒武世黑色岩系地层层序沉积环境与成因[J].地球学报,1999,20(1):87-95.Chen Xiaohong,Wang Xiaofeng,Mao Xiaodong.Sequence stratigraphy and depositional enviroments of the Late Sinian-Early Cambrian Black Rock Series in Western Hunan and its origins[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1999,20(1):87-95(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,等.湖北宜昌峡东地区震旦系层型剖面化学地层特征及其国际对比[J].地质论评,2002,48(4):408-415.Wang Ziqiang,Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi,et al.China University of Geosciences,Beijing.chemostratigraphic characteristics andCorrelation of the Sinian Stratotype in the Eastern Yangtze Gorges Area,Yichang,Hubei Province[J].Geological Review,2002,48(4):408-415(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Xiao S.New multicellular algal fossils and acritarchs in Doushantuo chert nodules(Neoproterozoic;Yangtze Gorges area,South China)[J].J Paleontol,2004,78:393-401.
[14]赵灿,李旭兵,李志宏,等.湖南慈利震旦系陡山沱组震积岩的发现及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2012,30(6):1032-1041.Zhao Can,Li Xubing,Li Zhihong,et al.Characteristics and geological significance of Seismites of the Doushantuo Formation in Xikou,Hunan Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(6):1032-1041(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]李忠雄,陆永潮,王剑,等.中扬子地区晚震旦世—早寒武世沉积特征及岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2004,6(2):151-162.Li Zhongxiong,Lu Yongchao,Wang Jian,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Sinian and Early Cambrian in middle Yangtze region[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(2):151-162(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]陈孝红,周炼,危凯,等.牙形石稀土元素的环境意义:来自湖北宜昌黄花场奥陶系牙形石的证据[J].科学通报,2011,56(36):3091-3097.Chen Xiaohong,Zhou Lian,Wei Kai,et al.The environmentalindex of the rare elements in conodonts[J].Chinese Scinence Bulletin,2011,56(36):3091-3097(in Chinese).
[17]唐烽,高林志.中国“震旦生物群”[J].地质学报,1998,72(3):193-204.Tang Feng,Tang Feng.Sinian Biota in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1998,72(3):193-204(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Sun Weiguo.Late Precambrian pennatuids(sea pens)from the eastern Yangtze Gorges,China:Paracharia gen.nov.,Prec ambrian Research,1986.31(4):361-375.
[19]Kreisa P D.Storm-generated sedimentary structures in subtidal marine facies with example from the middle and upper Ordovician of south western Virginia[J].Petrol.1981,51(3):54-69.
[20]陈世悦,杨怀宇,李文涛,等.贵州紫云地区上泥盆统风暴重力流沉积特征及地质意义[J].地质学报,2010,84(1):127-132.Chen Shiyue,Yang Huaiyu,Li Wentao,et al.The sedimentary characteristics of the Upper Devonian Tempestite and gravity flow and its geological implications in Ziyun Area,Guizhou[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(1):127-132(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]杜远生,周道华,龚淑云,等.甘肃靖远—景泰泥盆系湖相风暴岩及其古地理意义[J].矿物岩石,2001,21(3):69-73.Du Yuansheng,Zhou Daohua,Gong Shuyun,et al.Tempestite and its palaeogeographical significance of Devonian in Jingyuan and Jingtai Counties,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2001,21(3):69-73(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]胡明毅,贺萍.潮坪风暴沉积特征及其研究意义[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(3):391-395.Hu Mingyi,He Ping.The study of tidal storm deposits and it research signifciance[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2002,17(3):391-395(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]张哲,杜远生,舒雪松,等.鄂东南地区早三叠世风暴沉积序列及其环境意义[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(2):29-34.Zhang Zhe,Du Yuansheng,Shu Xuesong,et al.Sedimentary successions of the Early Triassic Tempestite in Southeastern Hube Province and their environment Significance[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2006,25(2):29-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]梅冥相,周鹏,张海,等.上扬子区震旦系层序地层格架及其形成的古地理背景[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):219-231.Mei Mingxiang,Zhou Peng,Zhang Hai,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and its palaeogeographical background fo the Sinian of Upper Yangtze Region[J].Journal o Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):219-231(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[25]梅冥相,聂瑞贞,张海,等.上扬子区震旦系层序地层划分[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):49-60.Mei Mingxiang,Nie Ruizhen,Zhang Hai,et al.Sequence-stratigraphic division for the Sinian System of the Upper-Yangtze Region[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2006,20(1):49-60(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]Tucker M E.Sedimentary Petrology:An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks[M].Oxford:Blackwell Science Publication,2001:102-121.
[27]顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素[J].古地理学报,2009,11(1):618-630.Gu Jiayu,Ma Feng,Ji Lidan.Types,characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(1):618-630(in Chinese with English abstract).