珠江口盆地烃源岩特征及资源潜力
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摘要
珠江口盆地是一个先断后坳、先陆后海且具有变地温场特征的盆地,发育文昌组、恩平组和珠海组3套烃源岩。根据盆地大量烃源岩样品的分析化验资料,将实验分析、地质分析与地质模拟相结合,对3套烃源岩发育特征的差异性和凹陷/半地堑/洼陷的热演化史、生烃史、资源潜力进行综合分级评价。研究结果表明:①裂陷早—中期文昌组湖相倾油型烃源岩是研究区主力烃源岩,裂陷晚期恩平组煤系油气兼生型烃源岩是研究区重要烃源岩,坳陷期珠海组海相陆源油气兼生型烃源岩只在白云凹陷进入生烃门限;②地温梯度自浅水向深水逐渐升高,导致烃源岩的成熟门限和生烃窗口快速变浅,浅水区烃源岩整体处于成熟—高成熟阶段,具有晚期生烃的特征,主生烃期在16 Ma至现今;深水区烃源岩整体处于成熟—过成熟阶段,白云凹陷具有早期生烃的特征,主生烃期在33～0Ma;③评价得出珠江口盆地总地质资源量约为85×10~8t,油气资源丰富,浅水区以石油资源为主,深水区油、气资源量相当;④根据海上生烃凹陷评价标准,惠州凹陷、白云凹陷、陆丰凹陷、西江凹陷、恩平凹陷为富生烃凹陷,开平凹陷、荔湾凹陷为中等生烃凹陷,具有较好的勘探潜力。
The Pearl River Mouth Basin is a basin with the characteristics of variable geothermal field,firstly presented as a fault transforming into depression later,transferring from land to sea.In this basin,three sets of source rocks are developed,i.e.,Wenchang Formation,Enping Formation and Zhuhai Formation.Based on the analysis and test on a large number of source rock samples in combination with experimental analysis,geological analysis and geological simulation,this study conducts a comprehensive grading evaluation on the development characteristics of the three sets of source rocks and the thermal evolution history,hydrocarbon generation history and resource potential of the depression/half graben/sag.The research indicates that (1)the lacustrine oil-prone source rocks in Wenchang Formation during the mid-early rifting stage are the chief source rocks in this region,while the coal-measure oil-gas-bearing source rocks in Enping Formation during the late rifting stage are important source rocks in this region.Only in Baiyun sag,the marine terrigenous oil-gas-bearing source rocks in Zhuhai Formation during the depression stage entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold.(2)The geothermal gradients increased from shallow area to deep-water,which resulted in the fact that maturity threshold and hydrocarbon generation window were located in the water area rapidly becoming shallow.In the shallow area,source rocks were developed in the mature-high maturity stage,characterized with late hydrocarbon generation.The main hydrocarbon generation period was from 16 Ma to the present.In the deep water,source rocks are in the mature-over mature stage,and Baiyun sag is characterized with early hydrocarbon generation with the main hydrocarbon generation period of 33-0 Ma.(3)The total geological resource of Pearl River Mouth Basin is about 85×10~8 tons through assessment.It is rich in oil and gas resources,where the shallow water area is dominated by petroleum resources,equivalent with the oil and gas resources in the deep water area.(4)According to the evaluation criteria of offshore hydrocarbon-generation depression,Huizhou,Baiyun,Lufeng,Xijiang,and Enping sags are hydrocarbon-rich depressions,and Kaiping and Liwan sags are moderate hydrocarbon generation depressions with favorable exploration potential.
The Pearl River Mouth Basin is a basin with the characteristics of variable geothermal field,firstly presented as a fault transforming into depression later,transferring from land to sea.In this basin,three sets of source rocks are developed,i.e.,Wenchang Formation,Enping Formation and Zhuhai Formation.Based on the analysis and test on a large number of source rock samples in combination with experimental analysis,geological analysis and geological simulation,this study conducts a comprehensive grading evaluation on the development characteristics of the three sets of source rocks and the thermal evolution history,hydrocarbon generation history and resource potential of the depression/half graben/sag.The research indicates that (1)the lacustrine oil-prone source rocks in Wenchang Formation during the mid-early rifting stage are the chief source rocks in this region,while the coal-measure oil-gas-bearing source rocks in Enping Formation during the late rifting stage are important source rocks in this region.Only in Baiyun sag,the marine terrigenous oil-gas-bearing source rocks in Zhuhai Formation during the depression stage entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold.(2)The geothermal gradients increased from shallow area to deep-water,which resulted in the fact that maturity threshold and hydrocarbon generation window were located in the water area rapidly becoming shallow.In the shallow area,source rocks were developed in the mature-high maturity stage,characterized with late hydrocarbon generation.The main hydrocarbon generation period was from 16 Ma to the present.In the deep water,source rocks are in the mature-over mature stage,and Baiyun sag is characterized with early hydrocarbon generation with the main hydrocarbon generation period of 33-0 Ma.(3)The total geological resource of Pearl River Mouth Basin is about 85×10~8 tons through assessment.It is rich in oil and gas resources,where the shallow water area is dominated by petroleum resources,equivalent with the oil and gas resources in the deep water area.(4)According to the evaluation criteria of offshore hydrocarbon-generation depression,Huizhou,Baiyun,Lufeng,Xijiang,and Enping sags are hydrocarbon-rich depressions,and Kaiping and Liwan sags are moderate hydrocarbon generation depressions with favorable exploration potential.
引文
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[8]钱宇,王作栋,张婷,等.准噶尔盆地东部侏罗系烃源岩和天然气地球化学特征及低熟气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):44-54.QIAN Yu,WANG Zuodong,ZHANG Ting,et al.Geochemical characteristic of Jurassic source rocks and natural gas in the eastern Jungar Basin and exploration potential of low-mature gas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):44-54.
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[10]杜治利,田亚,刘洪军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长9段页岩气资源潜力评价[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2016,46(2):358-367.DU Zhili,TIAN Ya,LIU Hongjun,et al.Shale gas resource potential evaluation of Chang 9 Member,Fm.Yanchang in South Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2016,46(2):358-367.
[11]杨鹏,任战利,田涛,等.海拉尔盆地莫达木吉凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征研究[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2016,55(6):35-43.YANG Peng,REN Zhanli,TIAN Tao,et al.The geochemical characteristics of Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon source rocks in Modamuji depression,Hailaer Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2016,55(6):35-43.
[12]陈治军,高怡文,刘护创,等.银根-额济纳旗盆地哈日凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征与油源对比[J].石油学报,2018,39(1):69-81.CHEN Zhijun,GAO Yiwen,LIU Huchuang,et al.Geochemical characteristics of Lower Cretaceous source rocks and oil-source correlation in Hari sag,Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(1):69-81.
[13]刘军,罗小平,李辉,等.查干凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(1):75-80.LIU Jun,LUO Xiaoping,LI Hui,et al.Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of the Lower Cretaceous in the Chagan sag[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(1):75-80.
[14]卢双舫,张敏.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:200-202.LU Shuangfang,ZHANG Min.Petroleum geochemistry[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:200-202.
[15]侯读杰,张林晔.实用油气地球化学图鉴[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.HOU Dujie,ZHANG Linye.Practical petroleum geochemical map[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[16]邬立言,顾信章.热解技术在我国生油岩研究中的应用[J].石油学报,1986,7(2):13-19.WU Liyan,GU Xinzhang.The application of pyrolysis technique in source rock research[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1986,7(2):13-19.
[17]宋洋,赵长煜,张功成,等.南海北部珠江口与琼东南盆地构造-热模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3057-3069.SONG Yang,ZHAO Changyu,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Research on tectono-thermal modeling for Qiongdongnan Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(12):3057-3069.
[18]米立军,袁玉松,张功成,等.南海北部深水区地热特征及其成因[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):27-32.MI Lijun,YUAN Yusong,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Characteristics and genesis of geothermal field in deep-water area of the northern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(1):27-32.
[19]米立军,柳保军,何敏,等.南海北部陆缘白云深水区油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(2):10-22.MI Lijun,LIU Baojun,HE Min,et al.Petroleum geology characteristics and exploration direction in Baiyun deep water area,northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(2):10-22.
[20]何敏,黄玉平,朱俊章,等.珠江口盆地东部油气资源动态评价[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(5):1-11.HE Min,HUANG Yuping,ZHU Junzhang,et al.Dynamic evaluation of oil and gas resources in eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(5):1-11.
[2]施和生,代一丁,刘丽华,等.珠江口盆地珠一坳陷油气藏地质特征与分布发育基本模式[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊2):120-133.SHI Hesheng,DAI Yiding,LIU Lihua,et al.Geological characteristics and distribution model of oil and gas reservoirs in Zhu Idepression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S2):120-133.
[3]马明,陈国俊,吕成福,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷始新统-下渐新统沉积环境与泥岩物源[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):610-621.MA Ming,CHEN Guojun,LChengfu,et al.Eocene-Low Oligocene sedimentary environment and mudstone provenance in Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):610-621.
[4]陈红汉,米立军,刘妍鷨,等.珠江口盆地深水区CO2成因、分布规律与风险带预测[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):119-134.CHEN Honghan,MI Lijun,LIU Yanhua,et al.Genesis,distribution and risk belt prediction of CO2in deep-water area in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):119-134.
[5]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:76-77.CHEN Changmin,SHI Hesheng,XU Shiche,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of Neogen in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:76-77.
[6]刘再生,施和生,杨少坤,等.南海东部海域自营勘探实践与成效[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):1-10.LIU Zaisheng,SHI Hesheng,YANG Shaokun,et al.The practice of self-operated exploration and its achievements in the eastern South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(3):1-10.
[7]施和生,何敏,张丽丽,等.珠江口盆地(东部)油气地质特征、成藏规律及下一步勘探策略[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):11-22.SHI Hesheng,HE Min,ZHANG Lili,et al.Hydrocarbon geology,accumulation pattern and the next exploration strategy in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(3):11-22.
[8]钱宇,王作栋,张婷,等.准噶尔盆地东部侏罗系烃源岩和天然气地球化学特征及低熟气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):44-54.QIAN Yu,WANG Zuodong,ZHANG Ting,et al.Geochemical characteristic of Jurassic source rocks and natural gas in the eastern Jungar Basin and exploration potential of low-mature gas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):44-54.
[9]赵贤正,柳广弟,金凤鸣,等.小型断陷湖盆有效烃源岩分布特征与分布模式——以二连盆地下白垩统为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):641-652.ZHAO Xianzheng,LIU Guangdi,JIN Fengming,et al.Distribution features and pattern of effective source rock in small faulted lacustrine basin:a case study of the Lower Cretaceous in ErlianBasin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):641-652.
[10]杜治利,田亚,刘洪军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长9段页岩气资源潜力评价[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2016,46(2):358-367.DU Zhili,TIAN Ya,LIU Hongjun,et al.Shale gas resource potential evaluation of Chang 9 Member,Fm.Yanchang in South Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2016,46(2):358-367.
[11]杨鹏,任战利,田涛,等.海拉尔盆地莫达木吉凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征研究[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2016,55(6):35-43.YANG Peng,REN Zhanli,TIAN Tao,et al.The geochemical characteristics of Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon source rocks in Modamuji depression,Hailaer Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2016,55(6):35-43.
[12]陈治军,高怡文,刘护创,等.银根-额济纳旗盆地哈日凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征与油源对比[J].石油学报,2018,39(1):69-81.CHEN Zhijun,GAO Yiwen,LIU Huchuang,et al.Geochemical characteristics of Lower Cretaceous source rocks and oil-source correlation in Hari sag,Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(1):69-81.
[13]刘军,罗小平,李辉,等.查干凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(1):75-80.LIU Jun,LUO Xiaoping,LI Hui,et al.Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of the Lower Cretaceous in the Chagan sag[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(1):75-80.
[14]卢双舫,张敏.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:200-202.LU Shuangfang,ZHANG Min.Petroleum geochemistry[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:200-202.
[15]侯读杰,张林晔.实用油气地球化学图鉴[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.HOU Dujie,ZHANG Linye.Practical petroleum geochemical map[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[16]邬立言,顾信章.热解技术在我国生油岩研究中的应用[J].石油学报,1986,7(2):13-19.WU Liyan,GU Xinzhang.The application of pyrolysis technique in source rock research[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1986,7(2):13-19.
[17]宋洋,赵长煜,张功成,等.南海北部珠江口与琼东南盆地构造-热模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3057-3069.SONG Yang,ZHAO Changyu,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Research on tectono-thermal modeling for Qiongdongnan Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(12):3057-3069.
[18]米立军,袁玉松,张功成,等.南海北部深水区地热特征及其成因[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):27-32.MI Lijun,YUAN Yusong,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Characteristics and genesis of geothermal field in deep-water area of the northern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(1):27-32.
[19]米立军,柳保军,何敏,等.南海北部陆缘白云深水区油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(2):10-22.MI Lijun,LIU Baojun,HE Min,et al.Petroleum geology characteristics and exploration direction in Baiyun deep water area,northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(2):10-22.
[20]何敏,黄玉平,朱俊章,等.珠江口盆地东部油气资源动态评价[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(5):1-11.HE Min,HUANG Yuping,ZHU Junzhang,et al.Dynamic evaluation of oil and gas resources in eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(5):1-11.
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