Characteristics and Evaluation of the High-Quality Source Rocks of Cretaceous Continental Shale Oil in Tonghua Basin, China
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摘要
The presence of shale oil in the Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation in the Tonghua Basin, drilled by the well TD-01, has been discussed in this geological investigation for the first time. To evaluate the high-quality source rocks of Cretaceous continental shale oil, the distribution characteristics and the evolution of the ancient environment, samples of shale were systematically analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, organic geochemistry, and organic carbon isotopic composition. The results demonstrate that a TOC value of 1.5% represents the lower-limit TOC value of the high-quality source rocks. Source rocks have an aggregate thickness of 211 m and contain abundant organic matter, with TOC values of 2.69% on average and a maximum value over 5.44%. The original hydrocarbon-generative potential value(S_1+S_2) is between 0.18 mg/g and 6.13 mg/g, and the Ro is between 0.97% and 1.40%. The thermal maturation of the source rocks is relatively mature to highly mature. The δ~(13)C value range is between -34.75‰ and -26.53‰. The ratio of saturated hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is 1.55 to 5.24, with an average of 2.85, which is greater than 1.6. The organic types are mainly type Ⅱ_1, followed by type Ⅰ. The organic carbon source was C_3 plants and hydrophytes. The paleoclimate of the Hengtongshan Formation can be characterized as hot and dry to humid, and these conditions were conducive to the development of high-quality source rocks. A favorable paleoenvironment and abundant organic carbon sources provide a solid hydrocarbon generation base for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the shale of the Tonghua Basin.
The presence of shale oil in the Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation in the Tonghua Basin, drilled by the well TD-01, has been discussed in this geological investigation for the first time. To evaluate the high-quality source rocks of Cretaceous continental shale oil, the distribution characteristics and the evolution of the ancient environment, samples of shale were systematically analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, organic geochemistry, and organic carbon isotopic composition. The results demonstrate that a TOC value of 1.5% represents the lower-limit TOC value of the high-quality source rocks. Source rocks have an aggregate thickness of 211 m and contain abundant organic matter, with TOC values of 2.69% on average and a maximum value over 5.44%. The original hydrocarbon-generative potential value(S_1+S_2) is between 0.18 mg/g and 6.13 mg/g, and the Ro is between 0.97% and 1.40%. The thermal maturation of the source rocks is relatively mature to highly mature. The δ~(13)C value range is between -34.75‰ and -26.53‰. The ratio of saturated hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is 1.55 to 5.24, with an average of 2.85, which is greater than 1.6. The organic types are mainly type Ⅱ_1, followed by type Ⅰ. The organic carbon source was C_3 plants and hydrophytes. The paleoclimate of the Hengtongshan Formation can be characterized as hot and dry to humid, and these conditions were conducive to the development of high-quality source rocks. A favorable paleoenvironment and abundant organic carbon sources provide a solid hydrocarbon generation base for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the shale of the Tonghua Basin.
The presence of shale oil in the Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation in the Tonghua Basin, drilled by the well TD-01, has been discussed in this geological investigation for the first time. To evaluate the high-quality source rocks of Cretaceous continental shale oil, the distribution characteristics and the evolution of the ancient environment, samples of shale were systematically analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, organic geochemistry, and organic carbon isotopic composition. The results demonstrate that a TOC value of 1.5% represents the lower-limit TOC value of the high-quality source rocks. Source rocks have an aggregate thickness of 211 m and contain abundant organic matter, with TOC values of 2.69% on average and a maximum value over 5.44%. The original hydrocarbon-generative potential value(S_1+S_2) is between 0.18 mg/g and 6.13 mg/g, and the Ro is between 0.97% and 1.40%. The thermal maturation of the source rocks is relatively mature to highly mature. The δ~(13)C value range is between -34.75‰ and -26.53‰. The ratio of saturated hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is 1.55 to 5.24, with an average of 2.85, which is greater than 1.6. The organic types are mainly type Ⅱ_1, followed by type Ⅰ. The organic carbon source was C_3 plants and hydrophytes. The paleoclimate of the Hengtongshan Formation can be characterized as hot and dry to humid, and these conditions were conducive to the development of high-quality source rocks. A favorable paleoenvironment and abundant organic carbon sources provide a solid hydrocarbon generation base for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the shale of the Tonghua Basin.
引文
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Cui Jingwei,Zhu Rukai,Li Shixiang and Zhang Zhongyi,2017.Oderly accumulation theroy of shale system petroleum resource and its prospecting significance:a case study of Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),91(supp.1):265-266.
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Baiyegunhi Christopher,Liu Kuiwu,Wagner Nicola,Gwavava Oswald and Oloniniyi Temitope L.,2018.Geochemical evaluation of the Permian Ecca shale in Eastern Cape Province,South Africa:implications for shale gas potential.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),92(3):1193-1217.
Blaizot,M.,2017.Worldwide shale-oil reserves:towards a global approach based on the principles of petroleum system and the petroleum system yield.Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France,188:33.
Cao Huairen,Zou Yanrong,Lei Yan,Xi Dangpeng,Wan Xiaoqiao and Peng Ping’an,2017.Shale oil assessment for the Songliao Basin,northeastern China,using oil generationsorption method.Energy&Fuels,31(5):4826-4842.
Chen Jianping,Liang Digang,Zhang Shuichang,Deng Chunping,Zhao Zhe and Zhang Dijia,2012.Evaluation criterion and methods of the hydrocarbon generation potential for China’s Paleozoic marine source rocks.Acta Geologica Sinica,86(7):1132-1142(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Lan,Xu Guiwen,Da Xuejuan,Yi Haisheng,Zhu Zhangxiong,Huang Zhaohui and Li Xiaogang,2017.Chemoand biostratigraphy of the Jurassic oil shales from the Qiangtang Basin,northern Tibet,China:a case study of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),91(2):630-643.
Chen Mengjin,Ning Ning,Hu Guoyi and Li Jian,2007.Characteristics and influencing factors of Pingliang Formation source rock in western Ordos Basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,52(Suppl I):78-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cheng Chen and Gao Liang,2017.Depositional environment and controlling factors of coal measures source rocks of Yacheng Formation in Yabei depression of Qiongdongnan Basin.Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,36(1):70-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cheng Lixue,Wang Yuanjun,Chen Hongde,Wang Yue and ZhongYijiang,2013.Sedimentary and burial environment of black shales of simian to Early Palaeozoic in Upper Yangtze region.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(8):2906-2912(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Jingwei,Zhu Rukai,Li Shixiang and Zhang Zhongyi,2017.Oderly accumulation theroy of shale system petroleum resource and its prospecting significance:a case study of Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),91(supp.1):265-266.
da S.Ramos,A.,Rodrigues,L.F.,de Araujo,G.E.,Pozocco,C.T.M.,Ketzer,J.M.M.,Heemann,R.,and Lourega,R.V.,2015.Geochemical characterization of Irati and Palermo Formations(ParanáBasin-Southern Brazil)for shale oil/gas exploration.Energy Technology,3(5):481-487.
Ding Wenlong,Li Chao,Su Aiguo and He Zhonghua,2011.Study on the comprehensive geochemical cross section of Mesozoic marine source rocks and prediction of favorable hydrocarbon generation area in Qiangtan Basin,Tibet.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(3):878-896(in Chinese with English abstract).
Farouk,S.,Ahmad,F.,Mousa,D.,and Simmons,M.,2016.Sequence stratigraphic context and organic geochemistry of Palaeogene oil shales,Jordan.Marine and Petroleum Geology,77:1297-1308.
Gajica,G.,?ajnovi?,A.,Stojanovi?,K.,Kosti?,A.,Slipper,I.,Antonijevi?M.,Nytoft,H.P.,and Jovan?i?evi?,B.,2017.Organic geochemical study of the upper layer of Aleksinac oil shale in the Dubrava block,Serbia.Oil Shale,34(3):197-218.
Gao Gang,Titi,A.,Yang Shangru,Tang Yong,Kong Yuhua and He Wenjun,2017.Geochemistry and depositional environment of fresh lacustrine source rock:a case study from the Triassic Baijiantan Formation shales in Junggar Basin,northwest China.Organic Geochemistry,113:75-89.
Gao Gang,Yang Shangru,Zhang Weiwei,Wang Yong,Gang Wenzhe and Lou Guoquan,2018.Organic geochemistry of the lacustrine shales from the Cretaceous Taizhou Formation in the Gaoyou Sag,northern Jiangsu Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,89:594-603.
Gao Yuan,Wang Yongli,Peng Ping’an,He Daxiang,Wang Gen,Wang Zixiang,Meng Pei,Sun Zepeng,Gong Juncheng,Yang Hui,Wu Yingqin and Wang Youxiao,2016.Source rock potential and depositional environment of upper Permian oil shales of the Lucaogou Formation in the southeastern Junggar Basin,northwest China.Oil Shale,33(4):299-328.
Guo Shuhua and Zhu Ruan,1995.The composition of Fushun and Maoming shale oils.Fuel,74(11):1719-1721.
Han Xinpeng,Hao Guoli,Liu Chao,Li Yanbo and Lin Changcheng,2013.Petroleum geologic features and petroleum resources potential in Tonghua Basin.Global Geology,32(2):337-343(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Jizhong,1988.The classification basis of carbon isotope of kerogen.Geology Geochemistry,16(1):66-68(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jarvie,D.M.,1991.Total organic carbon(TOC)analysis.In:Source Migration Processes and Evaluation Techniques.Tulsa:AAPG Bulletin,113-118.
Jiang Weiwei,Tu Guanghong,Zhu Dongying,Zhou Lihong,Xiao Dunqing,Gao Jiarui and Yuan Shuqin,2006.Characters of geophysical fields and floor of Daqing outer basins.Progress in Geophysics,21(4):1064-1079.
Jing Tieya,Zhang Jinchuan,Mao Junli,Li Wanjun and Jiang Shengling,2014.Geological controls and mechanism of shale gas and shale oil accumulations in Liaohe western depression,China.Energy Exploration&Exploitation,32(3):503-526.
Li Delu,Li Rongxi,Zhu Zegnwu,Wu Xiaoli,Cheng Jinghua,Liu Futian and Zhao Bangsheng,2017.Origin of organic matter and paleo-sedimentary environment reconstruction of the Triassic oil shale in Tongchuan City,southern Ordos Basin(China).Fuel,208:223-235.
Li Dongjin,Zhang Pulin,Zhu Naiwen,Li Chuntian,Sun Jiaru,Chen Peiji and Ma Fengzhen,1988.Evolution and changes of faunas across Jurassic-Cetaceous boundary at Sankeyushu,Tonghua,Jilin.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica.27(6):684-693(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Shizhen,Liu Weibin,Wang Dandan,ZhangWenhao and Lin Yanhua,2017.Continental shale oil geological conditions of China and the United States.Geological Review,63(supp.):39-40(in Chinese).
Liang Chao,Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Wu Jing,Song Guoqi and Wang Yongshi,2017.Shale oil potential of lacustrine black shale in the Eocene Dongying depression:implications for geochemistry and reservoir characteristics.AAPG Bulletin,101(11):1835-1858.
Lin Junfeng,Hao Fang,Hu Haiyan,Tian Jinqiang and Duan Wei,2015.Depositional environment and controlling factors of source rock in the Shahejie Formation of Langgu sag.Acta Petrolei Sinica,36(2):163-173(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Bo,Bechtel,A.,Gross D.,Fu Xiaofei,Li Xinning,and Sachsenhofer R.F.,2018.Middle Permian environmental changes and shale oil potential evidenced by high-resolution organic petrology,geochemistry and mineral composition of the sediments in the Santanghu Basin,northwest China.International Journal of Coal Geology,185:119-137.
Liu Bo,LüYanfang,Ran Qingchang,Dai Chnlei,Li Mei and Wang Meng,2014.Geological conditions and exploration potential of shale oil in Qingshankou Formation,Northern Songliao Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,35:280-285(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Chunlian,Fürsich,F.T.,Chen Liang,Che Xiaoguang and Wu Jie,2010.Geochemical signatures of Early Paleogene source rocks in the Sanshui Basin,south China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),84(1):145-154.
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