重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗免疫效果评估
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摘要
2017年7月,农业部决定对全国家禽开展H7亚型流感免疫。为评价重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株+H7N9 H7-Re1株)对家禽的安全性及免疫效果,2017年10—12月以田间试验方式,常规养殖肉鸡(江村黄鸡)、樱桃谷白鸭、黑棕鹅各120只。按程序免疫:肉鸡9日龄首免(剂量0.3 mL),30日龄二免(剂量0.5 mL);樱桃谷白鸭15日龄首免(剂量1 mL);黑棕鹅15日龄首免(剂量1 mL)、50日龄二免(剂量1.5 mL)。定期采集血清测定抗体效价直至出栏,并每日观察禽群临床表现。试验结果显示:鸡首免后21 d,H5亚型HI抗体效价为4.2 log2,抗体合格率均小于70%,H7亚型HI抗体效价为7.5 log2,抗体合格率均大于70%;二免后H5和H7亚型HI抗体效价均大于8 log2,抗体合格率均大于70%。鸭首免后21 d,H5亚型HI抗体效价为5.1 log2,抗体合格率均大于70%,H7亚型HI抗体效价为5.6 log2,抗体合格率均大于70%,出栏前(47日龄)H5和H7亚型HI抗体效价均大于6 log2,抗体合格率均大于70%。鹅首免后21 d,H5亚型HI抗体效价为3.9 log2,抗体合格率均小于70%,H7亚型HI抗体效价为5.2 log2,抗体合格率均大于70%;二免后H5和H7亚型HI抗体效价均大于7 log2,抗体合格率均大于70%。通过临床观察,未发现该疫苗有严重免疫副反应。试验结果表明,该二价灭活疫苗安全有效,但对于生长周期超过70 d天的家禽,应免疫两次。
In July 2017,it was decided to carry out immunization of H7 subtype influenza vaccine towards poultry in the whole China by the Ministry of Agriculture. In order to evaluate the immune effects of divalent inactivated vaccine of recombinant avian influenza virus(H5+H7),during October to December 2017,120 broiler chickens,120 Pekin-ducks and 120 geese were routinely raised by the approach of field trial and immunized with H5+H7 inactivated vaccine with given immunization program. For broiler chickens,first immunization was at the age of 9 days(dosage of 0.3 mL),second immunization was at the age of 30 days(dosage of 0.5 mL);for Pekin-ducks,first immunization was at the age of 15 days(dosage of 1 mL);for geese,first immunization was at the age of 15 days(dosage of 1 mL),the second immunization was at the age of 50 days(dosage of 1.5 mL). Then serum samples were collected periodically to determine antibody titers until the animals grew to the time for marketing. The results showed that :for chickens,on the 21 th day after first immunization,the HI titer of antibodies against H5 subtype AIV was 4.2 log2,the antibody qualified rates were all less than 70%,while the titer of antibodies against H7 subtype could reach 7.5 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. After second immunization,the HI titers of antibodies against whether H7 or H5 subtype AIV were all more than 8 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. For ducks,on the 21 th day after first immunization,the HI titer of antibodies against H5 subtype AIV was 5.1 log2,the antibody qualified rates were more than 70%,while the titer of antibodies against H7 subtype was 5.6 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%,before marketing(at the age of 47 days),the HI titers of antibodies against whether H7 or H5 subtype AIV were all more than 6 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. For geese,on the 21 th day after first immunization,the HI titer of antibodies against H5 subtype AIV was 3.9 log2,the antibody qualified rates were all less than 70%,while the titer of antibodies against H7 subtype was 5.2 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. After second immunization,the HI titers of antibodies against whether H7 or H5 subtype AIV were all more than 7 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. No serious immune side effect was found after vaccination,and the production time of antibodies against H7 subtype AIV was earlier than that of H5 subtype. According to the results in this study,the poultry with a growth cycle over 70 days should be immunized twice.
In July 2017,it was decided to carry out immunization of H7 subtype influenza vaccine towards poultry in the whole China by the Ministry of Agriculture. In order to evaluate the immune effects of divalent inactivated vaccine of recombinant avian influenza virus(H5+H7),during October to December 2017,120 broiler chickens,120 Pekin-ducks and 120 geese were routinely raised by the approach of field trial and immunized with H5+H7 inactivated vaccine with given immunization program. For broiler chickens,first immunization was at the age of 9 days(dosage of 0.3 mL),second immunization was at the age of 30 days(dosage of 0.5 mL);for Pekin-ducks,first immunization was at the age of 15 days(dosage of 1 mL);for geese,first immunization was at the age of 15 days(dosage of 1 mL),the second immunization was at the age of 50 days(dosage of 1.5 mL). Then serum samples were collected periodically to determine antibody titers until the animals grew to the time for marketing. The results showed that :for chickens,on the 21 th day after first immunization,the HI titer of antibodies against H5 subtype AIV was 4.2 log2,the antibody qualified rates were all less than 70%,while the titer of antibodies against H7 subtype could reach 7.5 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. After second immunization,the HI titers of antibodies against whether H7 or H5 subtype AIV were all more than 8 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. For ducks,on the 21 th day after first immunization,the HI titer of antibodies against H5 subtype AIV was 5.1 log2,the antibody qualified rates were more than 70%,while the titer of antibodies against H7 subtype was 5.6 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%,before marketing(at the age of 47 days),the HI titers of antibodies against whether H7 or H5 subtype AIV were all more than 6 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. For geese,on the 21 th day after first immunization,the HI titer of antibodies against H5 subtype AIV was 3.9 log2,the antibody qualified rates were all less than 70%,while the titer of antibodies against H7 subtype was 5.2 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. After second immunization,the HI titers of antibodies against whether H7 or H5 subtype AIV were all more than 7 log2 and the qualified rates were more than 70%. No serious immune side effect was found after vaccination,and the production time of antibodies against H7 subtype AIV was earlier than that of H5 subtype. According to the results in this study,the poultry with a growth cycle over 70 days should be immunized twice.
引文
[1]甘孟侯.禽流感[M].2版北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[2]FOUCHIER R A,MUNSLER V,WALLENSTEN A,et al.Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype(H16)obtained from Black-headed gulls[J].Journal of virology,2005,79:2814-2822.
[3]蒋文明,李金平,侯广宇,等.H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒抗原性变异分析[J].中国动物检疫,2016,33(9):27-32.
[4]农业部兽医局.关于切实做好全国高致病性禽流感秋季免疫工作的通知:农医发(2017)24号[A].北京:农业部,2017.
[5]金大春,王跃川,潘杭君,等.快速型肉鸡禽流感母源抗体消长变化的观察及最佳首免日龄的探讨[J].中国家禽,2008,30(24):54-55.
[6]张济培,陈建红,陈响坤,等.肉鹅H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(12):94-97.
[7]杨泽林,巫廷建,凌洪权,等.重庆市部分地区H5和H7重组禽流感病毒二价灭活苗免疫效果监测[J].中国动物检疫,2018,35(2):13-15.
[2]FOUCHIER R A,MUNSLER V,WALLENSTEN A,et al.Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype(H16)obtained from Black-headed gulls[J].Journal of virology,2005,79:2814-2822.
[3]蒋文明,李金平,侯广宇,等.H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒抗原性变异分析[J].中国动物检疫,2016,33(9):27-32.
[4]农业部兽医局.关于切实做好全国高致病性禽流感秋季免疫工作的通知:农医发(2017)24号[A].北京:农业部,2017.
[5]金大春,王跃川,潘杭君,等.快速型肉鸡禽流感母源抗体消长变化的观察及最佳首免日龄的探讨[J].中国家禽,2008,30(24):54-55.
[6]张济培,陈建红,陈响坤,等.肉鹅H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(12):94-97.
[7]杨泽林,巫廷建,凌洪权,等.重庆市部分地区H5和H7重组禽流感病毒二价灭活苗免疫效果监测[J].中国动物检疫,2018,35(2):13-15.