Effects of the Imbibition Ability of Extinguishant in Pulverized Coals
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摘要
The imbibition ability of extinguishant is an important factor influencing the extinguishing effect for smoldering fire in pulverized coals. The coal particle size, bulk compactness, and aqueous solution properties significantly affect the imbibition ability of extinguishment. This work aims to reveal the influence of the properties of pulverized coals and aqueous solution on the imbibition ability of extinguishant for smoldering fire through experiments and capillary theories. The imbibition height and rate were adopted to evaluate the imbibition ability of extinguishment. The results showed that a relatively small bulk compactness and a fine coal particle size negatively influenced the extinguishing process dominantly because of its high surface energy and low wettability. An additive was used to adjust the properties of aqueous solution. The liquid with a larger surface tension, a smaller contact angle, and a lower viscosity induced a better imbibition ability of extinguishment.
The imbibition ability of extinguishant is an important factor influencing the extinguishing effect for smoldering fire in pulverized coals. The coal particle size, bulk compactness, and aqueous solution properties significantly affect the imbibition ability of extinguishment. This work aims to reveal the influence of the properties of pulverized coals and aqueous solution on the imbibition ability of extinguishant for smoldering fire through experiments and capillary theories. The imbibition height and rate were adopted to evaluate the imbibition ability of extinguishment. The results showed that a relatively small bulk compactness and a fine coal particle size negatively influenced the extinguishing process dominantly because of its high surface energy and low wettability. An additive was used to adjust the properties of aqueous solution. The liquid with a larger surface tension, a smaller contact angle, and a lower viscosity induced a better imbibition ability of extinguishment.
The imbibition ability of extinguishant is an important factor influencing the extinguishing effect for smoldering fire in pulverized coals. The coal particle size, bulk compactness, and aqueous solution properties significantly affect the imbibition ability of extinguishment. This work aims to reveal the influence of the properties of pulverized coals and aqueous solution on the imbibition ability of extinguishant for smoldering fire through experiments and capillary theories. The imbibition height and rate were adopted to evaluate the imbibition ability of extinguishment. The results showed that a relatively small bulk compactness and a fine coal particle size negatively influenced the extinguishing process dominantly because of its high surface energy and low wettability. An additive was used to adjust the properties of aqueous solution. The liquid with a larger surface tension, a smaller contact angle, and a lower viscosity induced a better imbibition ability of extinguishment.
引文
1.Malav D,Ganguli R,Dutta S et al(2008)Non-impact of particle size distribution on power generation at a pulverized coal power plant burning low rank Alaska coal.Fuel Process Technol89(5):499-502
2.Song Z,Zhu H,Jia G et al(2014)Comprehensive evaluation on self-ignition risks of coal stockpiles using fuzzy AHPapproaches.J Loss Prev Process Ind 32:78-94
3.Song Z,Fan H,Jiang J et al(2017)Insight into eff ects of pore diff usion on smoldering kinetics of coal using a 4-step chemical reaction model.J Loss Prev Process Ind 48:312-319
4.Lohrer C,Schmidt M,Krause U(2005)A study on the infl uence of liquid water and water vapour on the self-ignition of lignite coal-experiments and numerical simulations.J Loss Prev Process Ind 18(3):167-177
5.Zhou X,Liao G,Bo C(2006)Improvement of water mist’s fire-extinguishing efficiency with MC additive.Fire Saf J41(1):39-45
6.Wu B,Liao G(2013)Experimental study on fi re extinguishing of water mist with a newly prepared multi-component additive.Proc Eng 62:317-323
7.Rakowska J,Prochaska K,Twardochleb B et al(2014)Selection of surfactants as main components of ecological wetting agent for eff ective extinguishing of forest and peat-bog fi res.Chem Pap68(6):823-833
8.Dey S(2012)Enhancement in hydrophobicity of low rank coal by surfactants-A critical overview.Fuel Process Technol94(1):151-158
9.Hadden R,Rein G(2011)Chapter 18-Burning and water suppression of smoldering coal fi res in small-scale laboratory experiments.Coal Peat Fires Global Perspect 1:317-326
10.Kim J,Kim HY(2012)On the dynamics of capillary imbibition.J Mech Sci Technol 26(12):3795-3801
11.Dong M,Chatzis I(2010)Eff ect of capillary pressure on wetting fi lm imbibition ahead of main liquid-gas displacement front in porous media.Liq Fuels Technol 28(9):955-968
12.Lucas R(1918)Ueber das zeitgesetz des kapillaren aufstiegs von flüssigkeiten.Colloid Polym Sci 23(1):15-22
13.Washburn EW(1921)The dynamics of capillary fl ow.Phys Rev17(3):273-283
14.Lane KS,Washburn DE,Krynine DP(1947)Capillarity tests by capillarimeter and by soil fi lled tubes.Highw Res Board Proc26:460-473
15.Handy LL(1960)Determination of effective capillary pressures for porous media from imbibition data.Pet Trans AIME219:75-80
16.Kim E,Whitesides GM(1997)Imbibition and fl ow of wetting liquids in noncircular capillaries.J Phys Chem B 101(6):855-863
17.Zhmud BV,Tiberg F,Hallstensson K(2000)Dynamics of capillary rise.J Colloid Interface Sci 228(2):263-269
18.Li K,Horne RN(2000)Characterization of spontaneous water imbibition into gas-saturated rocks.SPE J 6(4):375-384
19.Amico SC,Lekakou C(2002)Axial impregnation of a fi ber bundle.Part 1:Capillary experiments.Polym Compos 23(2):249-263
20.Fries N,Dreyer M(2008)An analytic solution of capillary rise restrained by gravity.J Colloid Interface Sci 320(1):259-263
21.Cai J,Yu B,Zou M et al(2010)Fractal Characterization of spontaneous co-current imbibition in porous media.Energy Fuels24:1860-1867
22.Chaturvedi T,Schembre JM,Kovscek AR(2009)Spontaneous imbibition and wettability characteristics of Powder River Basin coal.Int J Coal Geol 77(1-2):34-42
23.Hatiboglu CU,Babadagli T(2007)Oil recovery by countercurrent spontaneous imbibition:eff ects of matrix shape factor,gravity,IFT,oil viscosity,wettability,and rock type.J Pet Sci Eng59(1-2):106-122
24.Cai J,Hu X,Standnes DC et al(2012)An analytical model for spontaneous imbibition in fractal porous media including gravity.Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 414:228-233
25.Yang D,Krasowska M,Priest C et al(2012)Dynamics of capillary-driven fl ow in open microchannels.J Phys Chem C115(38):18761-18769
26.Li Q,Lin B,Zhao S et al(2013)Surface physical properties and its eff ects on the wetting behaviors of respirable coal mine dust.Powder Technol 233:137-145
27.Pan G,Huang Q,Hu H et al(2010)Wettability of superhydrophobic surface through tuning microcosmic structure.Polym Mater Sci Eng 26:163-166
2.Song Z,Zhu H,Jia G et al(2014)Comprehensive evaluation on self-ignition risks of coal stockpiles using fuzzy AHPapproaches.J Loss Prev Process Ind 32:78-94
3.Song Z,Fan H,Jiang J et al(2017)Insight into eff ects of pore diff usion on smoldering kinetics of coal using a 4-step chemical reaction model.J Loss Prev Process Ind 48:312-319
4.Lohrer C,Schmidt M,Krause U(2005)A study on the infl uence of liquid water and water vapour on the self-ignition of lignite coal-experiments and numerical simulations.J Loss Prev Process Ind 18(3):167-177
5.Zhou X,Liao G,Bo C(2006)Improvement of water mist’s fire-extinguishing efficiency with MC additive.Fire Saf J41(1):39-45
6.Wu B,Liao G(2013)Experimental study on fi re extinguishing of water mist with a newly prepared multi-component additive.Proc Eng 62:317-323
7.Rakowska J,Prochaska K,Twardochleb B et al(2014)Selection of surfactants as main components of ecological wetting agent for eff ective extinguishing of forest and peat-bog fi res.Chem Pap68(6):823-833
8.Dey S(2012)Enhancement in hydrophobicity of low rank coal by surfactants-A critical overview.Fuel Process Technol94(1):151-158
9.Hadden R,Rein G(2011)Chapter 18-Burning and water suppression of smoldering coal fi res in small-scale laboratory experiments.Coal Peat Fires Global Perspect 1:317-326
10.Kim J,Kim HY(2012)On the dynamics of capillary imbibition.J Mech Sci Technol 26(12):3795-3801
11.Dong M,Chatzis I(2010)Eff ect of capillary pressure on wetting fi lm imbibition ahead of main liquid-gas displacement front in porous media.Liq Fuels Technol 28(9):955-968
12.Lucas R(1918)Ueber das zeitgesetz des kapillaren aufstiegs von flüssigkeiten.Colloid Polym Sci 23(1):15-22
13.Washburn EW(1921)The dynamics of capillary fl ow.Phys Rev17(3):273-283
14.Lane KS,Washburn DE,Krynine DP(1947)Capillarity tests by capillarimeter and by soil fi lled tubes.Highw Res Board Proc26:460-473
15.Handy LL(1960)Determination of effective capillary pressures for porous media from imbibition data.Pet Trans AIME219:75-80
16.Kim E,Whitesides GM(1997)Imbibition and fl ow of wetting liquids in noncircular capillaries.J Phys Chem B 101(6):855-863
17.Zhmud BV,Tiberg F,Hallstensson K(2000)Dynamics of capillary rise.J Colloid Interface Sci 228(2):263-269
18.Li K,Horne RN(2000)Characterization of spontaneous water imbibition into gas-saturated rocks.SPE J 6(4):375-384
19.Amico SC,Lekakou C(2002)Axial impregnation of a fi ber bundle.Part 1:Capillary experiments.Polym Compos 23(2):249-263
20.Fries N,Dreyer M(2008)An analytic solution of capillary rise restrained by gravity.J Colloid Interface Sci 320(1):259-263
21.Cai J,Yu B,Zou M et al(2010)Fractal Characterization of spontaneous co-current imbibition in porous media.Energy Fuels24:1860-1867
22.Chaturvedi T,Schembre JM,Kovscek AR(2009)Spontaneous imbibition and wettability characteristics of Powder River Basin coal.Int J Coal Geol 77(1-2):34-42
23.Hatiboglu CU,Babadagli T(2007)Oil recovery by countercurrent spontaneous imbibition:eff ects of matrix shape factor,gravity,IFT,oil viscosity,wettability,and rock type.J Pet Sci Eng59(1-2):106-122
24.Cai J,Hu X,Standnes DC et al(2012)An analytical model for spontaneous imbibition in fractal porous media including gravity.Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 414:228-233
25.Yang D,Krasowska M,Priest C et al(2012)Dynamics of capillary-driven fl ow in open microchannels.J Phys Chem C115(38):18761-18769
26.Li Q,Lin B,Zhao S et al(2013)Surface physical properties and its eff ects on the wetting behaviors of respirable coal mine dust.Powder Technol 233:137-145
27.Pan G,Huang Q,Hu H et al(2010)Wettability of superhydrophobic surface through tuning microcosmic structure.Polym Mater Sci Eng 26:163-166