TIO: A VLC-Enabled Hybrid Data Center Network Architecture
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摘要
To satisfy the ever-increasing bandwidth demand of modern data centers, researchers have proposed hybrid Data Center Networks(DCNs), which employ high-bandwidth Optical Circuit Switches(OCSs) to compensate for Electrical Packet Switches(EPS). Existing designs, such as Helios and c-Through, mainly focus on reconfiguring optical devices to meet the estimated traffic requirements. However, these designs face two major challenges in their OCS-based networks, namely, the complex control mechanism and cabling problems. To solve these challenges, we propose TIO, a hybrid DCN that employs Visible Light Communication(VLC) instead of wired OCS design to connect racks. TIO integrates the wireless VLC-based Jellyfish and wired EPS-based Fat Tree seamlessly and combines the opposite and complementary characteristics, including wireless VLC direct connection and wired electrical packet switching, random graph, and Clos topology properties. To further exploit the merits of TIO, we design a hybrid routing scheme and congestion-aware flow scheduling method. Comprehensive evaluations indicate that TIO outperforms the Jellyfish and Fat Tree in both topology properties and network performance, and the flow scheduling method also evidently improves performance.
To satisfy the ever-increasing bandwidth demand of modern data centers, researchers have proposed hybrid Data Center Networks(DCNs), which employ high-bandwidth Optical Circuit Switches(OCSs) to compensate for Electrical Packet Switches(EPS). Existing designs, such as Helios and c-Through, mainly focus on reconfiguring optical devices to meet the estimated traffic requirements. However, these designs face two major challenges in their OCS-based networks, namely, the complex control mechanism and cabling problems. To solve these challenges, we propose TIO, a hybrid DCN that employs Visible Light Communication(VLC) instead of wired OCS design to connect racks. TIO integrates the wireless VLC-based Jellyfish and wired EPS-based Fat Tree seamlessly and combines the opposite and complementary characteristics, including wireless VLC direct connection and wired electrical packet switching, random graph, and Clos topology properties. To further exploit the merits of TIO, we design a hybrid routing scheme and congestion-aware flow scheduling method. Comprehensive evaluations indicate that TIO outperforms the Jellyfish and Fat Tree in both topology properties and network performance, and the flow scheduling method also evidently improves performance.
To satisfy the ever-increasing bandwidth demand of modern data centers, researchers have proposed hybrid Data Center Networks(DCNs), which employ high-bandwidth Optical Circuit Switches(OCSs) to compensate for Electrical Packet Switches(EPS). Existing designs, such as Helios and c-Through, mainly focus on reconfiguring optical devices to meet the estimated traffic requirements. However, these designs face two major challenges in their OCS-based networks, namely, the complex control mechanism and cabling problems. To solve these challenges, we propose TIO, a hybrid DCN that employs Visible Light Communication(VLC) instead of wired OCS design to connect racks. TIO integrates the wireless VLC-based Jellyfish and wired EPS-based Fat Tree seamlessly and combines the opposite and complementary characteristics, including wireless VLC direct connection and wired electrical packet switching, random graph, and Clos topology properties. To further exploit the merits of TIO, we design a hybrid routing scheme and congestion-aware flow scheduling method. Comprehensive evaluations indicate that TIO outperforms the Jellyfish and Fat Tree in both topology properties and network performance, and the flow scheduling method also evidently improves performance.
引文
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[17]L.L.Luo,D.K.Guo,J.Wu,T.Qu,T.Chen,and X.S.Luo,VLCcube:A VLC enabled hybrid network structure for data centers,IEEE Trans.Parallel Distrib.Syst.,vol.28,no.7,pp.2088-2102,2017.
[18]A.Roy,H.Y.Zeng,J.Bagga,G.Porter,and A.C.Snoeren,Inside the social network’s(datacenter)network,ACMSIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.45,no.4,pp.123-137,2015.
[19]L.Popa,S.Ratnasamy,G.Iannaccone,A.Krishnamurthy,and I.Stoica,A cost comparison of datacenter network architectures,in Proc.6thInt.Conf.,Philadelphia,PA,USA,2010,p.16.
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[21]Y.Cui,S.H.Xiao,X.Wang,Z.J.Yang,C.Zhu,X.Y.Li,L.Yang,and N.Ge,Diamond:Nesting the data center network with wireless rings in 3D space,in Proc.13thUsenix Conf.on Networked Systems Design and Implementation,Santa Clara,CA,USA,2016,pp.657-669.
[22]M.Al-Fares,A.Loukissas,and A.Vahdat,A scalable,commodity data center network architecture,ACMSIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.38,no.4,pp.63-74,2008.
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[24]R.Mittal,V.T.Lam,N.Dukkipati,E.Blem,H.Wassel,M.Ghobadi,A.Vahdat,Y.G.Wang,D.Wetherall,and D.Zats,TIMELY:RTT-based congestion control for the datacenter,ACM SIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.45,no.4,pp.537-550,2015.
[25]J.M.Camara,M.Moreto,E.Vallejo,R.Beivide,J.Miguel-Alonso,C.Martinez,and J.Navaridas,Twisted torus topologies for enhanced interconnection networks,IEEE Trans.Parallel Distrib.Syst.,vol.21,no.12,pp.1765-1778,2010.
[26]Y.D.Qin,D.K.Guo,L.L.Luo,G.Y.Cheng,and Z.L.Ding,Design and optimization of VLC based small-world data centers,Front.Comput.Sci.,doi:10.1007/s11704-018-7315-6.
[27]D.K.Guo,J.Wu,Y.H.Liu,H.Jin,H.H.Chen,and T.Chen,Quasi-Kautz digraphs for peer-to-peer networks,IEEE Trans.Parallel Distrib.Syst.,vol.22,no.6,pp.1042-1055,2011.
[2]A.Singh,J.Ong,A.Agarwal,G.Anderson,A.Armistead,R.Bannon,S.Boving,G.Desai,B.Felderman,P.Germano,et al.,Jupiter rising:A decade of clos topologies and centralized control in Google’s datacenter network,ACM SIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.45,no.4,pp.183-197,2015.
[3]N.Farrington,G.Porter,S.Radhakrishnan,H.H.Bazzaz,V.Subramanya,Y.Fainman,G.Papen,and A.Vahdat,Helios:A hybrid electrical/optical switch architecture for modular data centers,ACM SIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.40,no.4,pp.339-350,2010.
[4]G.H.Wang,D.G.Andersen,M.Kaminsky,K.Papagiannaki,T.S.E.Ng,M.Kozuch,and M.Ryan,c-Through:Part-time optics in data centers,ACMSIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.40,no.4,pp.327-338,2010.
[5]W.M.Mellette,R.McGuinness,A.Roy,A.Forencich,G.Papen,A.C.Snoeren,and G.Porter,RotorNet:Ascalable,low-complexity,optical datacenter network,in Proc.Conf.of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication,Los Angeles,CA,USA,2017,pp.267-280.
[6]H.H.Bazzaz,M.Tewari,G.H.Wang,G.Porter,T.S.E.Ng,D.G.Andersen,M.Kaminsky,M.A.Kozuch,and A.Vahdat,Switching the optical divide:Fundamental challenges for hybrid electrical/optical datacenter networks,in Proc.2ndACM Symp.on Cloud Computing,Cascais,Portugal,2011,p.30.
[7]K.Ranachandran,R.Kokku,R.Mahindra,and S.Rangarajan,60 GHz data-center networking:Wireless)Worry less?https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260388834 60 GHz Data-Center Networking Wireless Worry less,2008.
[8]A.S.Hamza,J.S.Deogun,and D.R.Alexander,Wireless communication in data centers:A survey,IEEE Commun.Surv.Tutor.,vol.18,no.3,pp.1572-1595,2016.
[9]A.S.Hamza,S.Yadav,S.Ketan,J.S.Deogun,and D.R.Alexander,OWCell:Optical wireless cellular data center network architecture,in Proc.2007 IEEE Int.Conf.on Communications,Paris,France,2017,pp.1-6.
[10]N.Hamedazimi,Z.Qazi,H.Gupta,V.Sekar,S.R.Das,J.P.Longtin,H.Shah,and A.Tanwer,Firefly:Areconfigurable wireless data center fabric using free-space optics,ACM SIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.44,no.4,pp.319-330,2014.
[11]M.Ghobadi,R.Mahajan,A.Phanishayee,N.Devanur,J.Kulkarni,G.Ranade,P.A.Blanche,H.Rastegarfar,M.Glick,and D.Kilper,ProjecToR:Agile reconfigurable data center interconnect,in Proc.2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conf.,Florianopolis,Brazil,2016,pp.216-229.
[12]A.Singla,Designing data center networks for high throughput,PhD dissertation,University of Illinois,Champaign,IL,USA,2015.
[13]A.Singla,C.Y.Hong,L.Popa,and P.B.Godfrey,Jellyfish:Networking data centers randomly,in Proc.9thUSENIX Conf.on Networked Systems Design and Implementation,San Jose,CA,USA,2012,p.17.
[14]L.Chen,K.Chen,Z.H.Zhu,M.L.Yu,G.Porter,C.M.Qiao,and S.Zhong,Enabling wide-spread communications on optical fabric with megaswitch,in Proc.14thACM/USENIX Symp.on Networked Systems Design and Implementation,Boston,MA,USA,2017,pp.577-593.
[15]Y.T.Xia,X.S.Sun,S.Dzinamarira,D.M.Wu,X.S.Huang,and T.S.E.Ng,A tale of two topologies:Exploring convertible data center network architectures with flat-tree,in Proc.Conf.of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication,Los Angeles,CA,USA,2017,pp.295-308.
[16]S.Louvros and D.Fuschelberger,VLC technology for indoor lte planning,in System-Level Design Methodologies for Telecommunication,N.Sklavos,M.H¨ubner,D.Goehringer,and P.Kitsos,eds.Springer,2014,pp.21-41.
[17]L.L.Luo,D.K.Guo,J.Wu,T.Qu,T.Chen,and X.S.Luo,VLCcube:A VLC enabled hybrid network structure for data centers,IEEE Trans.Parallel Distrib.Syst.,vol.28,no.7,pp.2088-2102,2017.
[18]A.Roy,H.Y.Zeng,J.Bagga,G.Porter,and A.C.Snoeren,Inside the social network’s(datacenter)network,ACMSIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.45,no.4,pp.123-137,2015.
[19]L.Popa,S.Ratnasamy,G.Iannaccone,A.Krishnamurthy,and I.Stoica,A cost comparison of datacenter network architectures,in Proc.6thInt.Conf.,Philadelphia,PA,USA,2010,p.16.
[20]S.Vijay and K.Geetha,A survey on visible light communication appliances used in inter-vehicular and indoor communication,Int.J.Appl.Eng.Res.,vol.11,no.7,pp.4893-4897,2016.
[21]Y.Cui,S.H.Xiao,X.Wang,Z.J.Yang,C.Zhu,X.Y.Li,L.Yang,and N.Ge,Diamond:Nesting the data center network with wireless rings in 3D space,in Proc.13thUsenix Conf.on Networked Systems Design and Implementation,Santa Clara,CA,USA,2016,pp.657-669.
[22]M.Al-Fares,A.Loukissas,and A.Vahdat,A scalable,commodity data center network architecture,ACMSIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.38,no.4,pp.63-74,2008.
[23]M.Alizadeh,A.Greenberg,D.A.Maltz,J.Padhye,P.Patel,B.Prabhakar,S.Sengupta,and M.Sridharan,Dctcp:Efficient packet transport for the commoditized data center,in Proc.ACM SIGCOMM,New Delhi,India,2010.
[24]R.Mittal,V.T.Lam,N.Dukkipati,E.Blem,H.Wassel,M.Ghobadi,A.Vahdat,Y.G.Wang,D.Wetherall,and D.Zats,TIMELY:RTT-based congestion control for the datacenter,ACM SIGCOMM Comput.Commun.Rev.,vol.45,no.4,pp.537-550,2015.
[25]J.M.Camara,M.Moreto,E.Vallejo,R.Beivide,J.Miguel-Alonso,C.Martinez,and J.Navaridas,Twisted torus topologies for enhanced interconnection networks,IEEE Trans.Parallel Distrib.Syst.,vol.21,no.12,pp.1765-1778,2010.
[26]Y.D.Qin,D.K.Guo,L.L.Luo,G.Y.Cheng,and Z.L.Ding,Design and optimization of VLC based small-world data centers,Front.Comput.Sci.,doi:10.1007/s11704-018-7315-6.
[27]D.K.Guo,J.Wu,Y.H.Liu,H.Jin,H.H.Chen,and T.Chen,Quasi-Kautz digraphs for peer-to-peer networks,IEEE Trans.Parallel Distrib.Syst.,vol.22,no.6,pp.1042-1055,2011.