Fe及Fe_(83)Ga_(17)和Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金的微结构与磁致伸缩性能
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摘要
本研究对比研究了Fe、Fe_(83)Ga_(17)及Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)磁致伸缩材料的微结构与磁致伸缩性能。采用真空非自耗电弧炉在氩气保护下熔炼制备了合金样品。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和光学显微镜(OM)分析观察了合金样品的晶体结构和显微组织。采用扫描电镜配合能谱仪(SEM/EDS)测定了稀土Pr元素在Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金中的分布。通过电阻应变法测量了合金的磁致伸缩性能。结果表明:Fe和Fe_(83)Ga_(17)合金均由单一的bcc结构A2相组成,而Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金由A2主相和少量的富稀土Pr相组成。稀土Pr掺杂使合金中的A2相沿〈100〉晶向择优取向。Fe及Fe_(83)Ga_(17)和Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金的微观组织分别呈现细长的条状晶、晶粒粗大的等轴晶和晶粒细小的柱状晶。Fe的磁致伸缩系数为负值,而Fe_(83)Ga_(17)和Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金的磁致伸缩系数均为正值,三种材料的磁致伸缩系数绝对值的排序为Fe The present work aimed to comparatively analyze microstructure and magnetostriction of Fe,and Fe_(83)Ga_(17) and Fe83-Ga17 Pr_(0.3) magnetostrictive alloys.We successfully prepared the alloys by employing a non-consumable vacuum arc melting furnace and applying aprotective argon atmosphere,and observed crystal structures and surface morphologies of the alloys via X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscopy(OM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),respectively.The magnetostriction coefficients of the alloys were measured by means of resistance strain method.The results indicated that Fe and Fe_(83)Ga_(17) alloy consist of a single phase of A2 with bcc structure,while the Fe_(83)Ga_(17) Pr_(0.3) alloy is composed of A2 phase and a small amount of Pr-rich phase.The Pr doping into Fe_(83)Ga_(17) alloy facilitates the preferred growth in(100)orientation of A2 phase in the alloy.The microstructures of the Fe,Fe_(83)Ga_(17) and Fe_(83)Ga_(17) Pr_(0.3) alloys present anisometric morphology with strip-like grains,the equiaxial morphology with coarse grains and a columnar structure with fine grains,respectively.The magnetostriction coefficient of Fe is negative,whereas the magnetostriction coefficients of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) and Fe_(83)Ga_(17) Pr_(0.3) alloys are positive.The magnetostrictions of three alloys can be sequenced as Fe_(83)Ga_(17) Pr_(0.3)>Fe_(83)Ga_(17)>Fe.
引文
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2 Xue S X,Li Q T,Feng S S.Research progress in new magnetostrictive material of Fe-Ga alloy[J].Materials Review A:Review Papers,2009,23(8):74(in Chinese).薛双喜,李勤涛,冯尚申.新型磁致伸缩材料Fe-Ga合金的研究进展[J].材料导报:综述篇,2009,23(8):74.
3 Yao Z Q,Tian X,Hao H B,et al.Research progress of effects of element substitution and element doping on structure and magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys[J].Materials Review A:Review Papers,2014,28(11):79(in Chinese).姚占全,田晓,郝宏波,等.元素替代、掺杂对Fe-Ga合金结构和磁致伸缩性能影响的研究进展[J].材料导报:综述篇,2014,28(11):79.
4 Summers E M,Lograsso T A,Wun-Fogle M.Magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe-Ga alloys[J].Journal of Materials Science,2007,42(23):9582.
5 Chopra H D,Wuttig M.Non-joulian magnetostiction[J].Nature,2015,521(7552):340.
6 Wang J Q,Gao X X,Yuan C.Magnetostriction properties of oriented polycrystalline CoFe2O4[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2016,401:662.
7 王博文,曹淑瑛,黄文美.磁致伸缩材料与器件[M].出版社:冶金工业出版社,2008.
8 Legvold S,Alstad J,Rhyne J.Giant magnetostrietion in dysprosium and holmium single crystals[J].Physical Review Letters,1963,10(12):509.
9 Clark A E,Belson H S.Giant room-temperature magnetostricitons in TbFe2and DyFe2[J].Physical Review B,1972,5(9):3642.
10 Clark A E,Abbundi R,Gillmor W R.Magnetization and magnetic anisotropy of TbFe2,DyFe2,Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2and TmFe2[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1987,14:542.
11 Guruswamy S,Srisukhumbowornchai N,Clark A E,et al.Strong,ductile,and low-field-magnetostrictive alloys based on Fe-Ga[J].Scripta Materialia,2000,43(3):239.
12 Clark A E,Wun-Fogle M,Restorff J B,et al.Magnetostrictive properties of galfenol alloys under compressive stress[J].Materials Transactions,2002,43(5):881.
13 Guruswamy S,Mungsantisuk P,Corson R,et al.Rare earth free Fe-Ga based magnetostrictive alloys for actuator and sensors[J].Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals,2004,57(4):315.
14 Liu Y Y,Li J H,Gao X X.Effect of Al substitution for Ga on the mechanical properties of directional solidified Fe-Ga alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2017,423:245.
15 Zhou Y,Wang B W,Li S Y,et al.The magnetostriction of Fe-(18-x)at%Ga-xat%Al(3≤x≤13.5)alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2010,322:2104.
16 Bormio-Nunes C,Turtelli R S,Mueller H,et al.Magnetostriction and structural characte-rization of Fe-Ga-X(X=Co,Ni,Al)moldcast bulk[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2005,290:820.
17 Hu Y,Ding Y T,Zhang Y L,et al.Magnetostriction and characterization of Fe-Ga bulk alloy prepared by copper mold casting[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22:2146.
18 Zhang J J,Ma T Y,Yan M.Magnetic force microscopy study of heat-treated Fe83Ga17 with different colingrates[J].Physica B Condensed Matter,2010,405:3129.
19 Gaudet J M,Hatchard T D,Farrell S P,et al.Properties of Fe-Ga based poeders prepared by mechanical alloying[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Mate-rials,2008,320:821.
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24 Jin T Y,Wu W,Jiang C B.Improved magnetostriction of Dy-doped Fe83Ga17 melt-spun ribbons[J].Scripta Materialia,2014,74:100.
25 Golovin I S,Balagurov A M,Palacheva V V,et al.Influence of Tb on structure and properties of Fe-19%Ga and Fe-27%Ga alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,707:51.
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27 Yao Z Q,Tian X,Jiang L P,et al.Influences of rare earth element Ce-doping and melt-spinning on microstructure and magnetostriction of Fe83Ga17alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,637:431.
28 Clark A E,Hathaway K B,Wun-Fogle M,et al.Extraordinary magnetoelasticity and lattice softening in bcc Fe-Ga alloys[J].Journals of Applied Physics,2003,93(10):8621.
29 Lograsso T A,Ross A R,Schlagel D L,et al.Structural transformations in quenched Fe-Ga alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2003,350(1-2):95.
30 Yao Z Q,Zhao Z Q,Jiang L P,et al.Effects of Ce addition on the microstructure and magnetostriction of Fe83Ga17alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2013,49(1):87(in Chinese).姚占全,赵增祺,江丽萍,等.稀土Ce添加对Fe83Ga17合金微结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响[J].金属学报,2013,49(1):87.
31 崔忠圻.金属学与热处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
32 严密,彭晓领.磁学基础与磁性材料[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.
33 Khachaturyan A G,Viehland D.Structurally heterogeneous model of extrinsic magnetostriction for Fe-Ga and similar magnetic alloys:PartⅠ.Decomposition and confined displacive transformation[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2007,38A(13):2308.
34 Clark A E,Wun-Fogle M,Restorff J B,et al.Effect of quenching on the magnetostriction of Fe1-x-Gax(0.13
36 Bai F,Li J F,Viehland D,et al.Magnetic force microscopy investigation of domain structures in Fe-x%Ga single crystals(12
38 Gong P,Jiang L P,Yan W J.Effects of Y addition on the microstructure and magnetostriction of the as-cast Fe81Ga19alloy[J].China Rare Earth,2016,37(2):91(in Chinese).龚沛,江丽萍,闫文俊,等.Y对铸态Fe81Ga19合金组织结构及磁致伸缩性能的影响[J].稀土,2016,37(2):91.
39 Toshiya T,Kenji H,Teiko O,et al.Characterization of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga-based alloys fabricated by rapid solidification[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,60:847.