模糊数学模型在水泥生产企业职业病危害风险评估中的应用
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摘要
目的探讨模糊数学评估模型在水泥生产企业职业病危害风险评估中的应用,为其在职业病危害评价的应用提供科学依据。方法选取某水泥厂做评估对象,通过企业危害的理化特性、接触人数、接触时间、暴露与接触方式和危害程度等综合分析,筛选主要职业病危害因素,结合现场职业病防护设施、个体防护、职业卫生管理、健康监护和应急救援等因素,应用工程分析、职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、专家评估和文献查询的方法,综合确定风险评估因素集及其权重,构建模糊数学综合评估模型进行风险评估。结果该水泥厂主要职业病危害因素为水泥粉尘、其他粉尘和噪声,其综合风险评估模型的F值为15.487 0,整体发生职业病风险等级为"三级"(中度职业病危害项目),其中职业病危害严重性等级为Ⅱ级(严重),可能性等级为不可能。结论模糊数学评价模型可综合多种因素对水泥生产企业职业病风险的严重性和可能性进行总体评估,克服了传统评估方法的片面性和局限性,但其应用领域和方法运用的技术要求有待进一步研究。
Objective To explore the application of fuzzy mathematical model in risk assessment of occupational hazards in cement production, and to provide s scientific basis for the application of occupational hazard assessment in the future. Methods A cement factory was selected as the evaluation object; primary occupational hazards were screened through comprehensive analysis of physical and chemical properties,number of contacts,contact time,exposure and contact methods,and damage levels; taking into account such factors as occupational protective facilities, individual protection,occupational health management,health surveillance and emergency rescue and using such methods as engineering analysis, occupational health surveys,occupational health testing,expert assessment and literature search, risk factor sets and their weights were comprehensively established, and a fuzzy mathematical model was established for risk assessment. Results The main occupational hazards were cement dust, other dusts, and noise. The cement factory's comprehensive risk assessment model had an F value of 15.487 0,and the risk level was"level 3"(intermediate occupational hazard items). The severity grade of occupational hazards was II(serious). The possibility grade was "impossible". Conclusion The fuzzy mathematical evaluation model can be used to assess the overall risk of the cement production projects and overcome the one-sidedness and limitations of traditional assessment methods. However,due to its dependence on experts and other issues, the application of occupational hazard assessment still needs further research.
Objective To explore the application of fuzzy mathematical model in risk assessment of occupational hazards in cement production, and to provide s scientific basis for the application of occupational hazard assessment in the future. Methods A cement factory was selected as the evaluation object; primary occupational hazards were screened through comprehensive analysis of physical and chemical properties,number of contacts,contact time,exposure and contact methods,and damage levels; taking into account such factors as occupational protective facilities, individual protection,occupational health management,health surveillance and emergency rescue and using such methods as engineering analysis, occupational health surveys,occupational health testing,expert assessment and literature search, risk factor sets and their weights were comprehensively established, and a fuzzy mathematical model was established for risk assessment. Results The main occupational hazards were cement dust, other dusts, and noise. The cement factory's comprehensive risk assessment model had an F value of 15.487 0,and the risk level was"level 3"(intermediate occupational hazard items). The severity grade of occupational hazards was II(serious). The possibility grade was "impossible". Conclusion The fuzzy mathematical evaluation model can be used to assess the overall risk of the cement production projects and overcome the one-sidedness and limitations of traditional assessment methods. However,due to its dependence on experts and other issues, the application of occupational hazard assessment still needs further research.
引文
[1]GBZ/T 277-2016职业病危害评价通则[S].2016.
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[4]陈婷,张美霞,王永伟,等.某新型干法水泥生产项目粉尘与噪声危害特征分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(10):1037-1040.
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[7]Wen KL.A Matlab toolbox for grey clustering and fuzzy comprehens evaluation[J]. adveces in engineering software,2006(39):137-145.
[8]崔方方,石婷,黄磊,等.模糊数学综合评价模型在制鞋业职业病危害风险评估中的应用[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(17):3104-3108.
[9]倪少凯.7种确定评估指标权重方法的比较[J].华南预防医学,2002,28(6):54-55.
[10]何虎鹏,寇振霞,何小刚,等.应用层次分析法建立职业危害关键控制点评价的指标体系[J].中国工业医学杂志,2012,25(5):379-380.
[11]刘丽华,马骏,王雪涛.AHP-Fuzzy数学模型在尘肺综合防治效果评价指标体系中的应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(3):94-99.
[12]李戬.基于Fuzzy模型的职业病危害综合风险评估方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(9):90-95.
[2]柳顺,杜数新.基于数据包络分析的模糊综合评价方法及其应用[J].模糊系统与数学,2010,24(12):93-98.
[3]杨碧捷.水泥工业粉尘污染特征及控制技术[J].绿色科技,2013(12):140-142.
[4]陈婷,张美霞,王永伟,等.某新型干法水泥生产项目粉尘与噪声危害特征分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(10):1037-1040.
[5]周浩亮.模糊数学基本理论及其应用[J].建井技术,1994(4):70-80.
[6]王建宇,丘创逸.模糊综合方法在中小化工企业的职业病危害风险评估中的应用[J].职业与健康,2010,26(1):1-4.
[7]Wen KL.A Matlab toolbox for grey clustering and fuzzy comprehens evaluation[J]. adveces in engineering software,2006(39):137-145.
[8]崔方方,石婷,黄磊,等.模糊数学综合评价模型在制鞋业职业病危害风险评估中的应用[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(17):3104-3108.
[9]倪少凯.7种确定评估指标权重方法的比较[J].华南预防医学,2002,28(6):54-55.
[10]何虎鹏,寇振霞,何小刚,等.应用层次分析法建立职业危害关键控制点评价的指标体系[J].中国工业医学杂志,2012,25(5):379-380.
[11]刘丽华,马骏,王雪涛.AHP-Fuzzy数学模型在尘肺综合防治效果评价指标体系中的应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(3):94-99.
[12]李戬.基于Fuzzy模型的职业病危害综合风险评估方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(9):90-95.
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