大水沟碲铋矿床及其周边水系沉积物中碲的共生元素特征与找矿意义
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摘要
大水沟碲矿床是迄今为止世界唯一碲独立矿床,此类矿床的找矿成为目前研究的一大难题。对研究区域开展1:5万水系沉积物取样,元素分析测试方法采用等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、原子吸收法(AAS)和发射光谱法(ES)。研究区内Te、Au和Ag均富集,分布极不均匀,局部成矿的可能性很大;而大水沟碲铋矿床及其附近,Te、Bi、Au、Ag的含量均不高,异常均不明显。Te与Bi、Au、Ag存在显著相关性,以Te-Bi-Au-Ag共生元素组合作为碲铋矿找矿的指示元素,w(Te+Bi)/w(Au+Ag)比值异常作为碲矿化异常信息,能有效圈定实质意义的碲铋矿致异常,也为碲铋矿提供新的找矿线索与方向。综合比值异常、地质及构造等信息,选取5个碲铋成矿最有利地段,在部分区域开展异常现场查证时发现有富含Te-Bi的黄铁矿脉(化)。
The Dashuigou tellurium(Te) deposit is the only known independent Te ore deposit in the world so far. How to prospect such kind of deposit is a big problem at present. Samples were collected during the 1/50,000 stream sediment survey in the study area were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), and emission spectrometry(ES), respectively.In the study area, Te, Au and Ag anomalies of stream sediments are locally distributed, with great possibilities for mineral exploration. However, the contents of Te, Bi, Au and Ag are generally not high in the Dashuigou Te deposit and vicinity,with no obvious anomaly. There are significant correlations between Te and Bi, Au and Ag. The paragenetic association of Te-Bi-Au-Ag is regarded as indicator elements for prospecting tellurobismuthite deposit. The substantial tellurobismuthite mineralization anomalies can be effectively delineated by using the anomalies of w(Te+Bi)/w(Au+Ag)ratios which provide new clues and directions for prospecting tellurobismuthite deposit. With the combination of comprehensive ratio anomalies, geological and structural information, five targets were identified for prospecting Te mineral resources. Acturally, Te-Bi-bearing pyrite veins have been already found locally in some of these targeting areas during the on-site verification of geochemical anomalies.
The Dashuigou tellurium(Te) deposit is the only known independent Te ore deposit in the world so far. How to prospect such kind of deposit is a big problem at present. Samples were collected during the 1/50,000 stream sediment survey in the study area were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), and emission spectrometry(ES), respectively.In the study area, Te, Au and Ag anomalies of stream sediments are locally distributed, with great possibilities for mineral exploration. However, the contents of Te, Bi, Au and Ag are generally not high in the Dashuigou Te deposit and vicinity,with no obvious anomaly. There are significant correlations between Te and Bi, Au and Ag. The paragenetic association of Te-Bi-Au-Ag is regarded as indicator elements for prospecting tellurobismuthite deposit. The substantial tellurobismuthite mineralization anomalies can be effectively delineated by using the anomalies of w(Te+Bi)/w(Au+Ag)ratios which provide new clues and directions for prospecting tellurobismuthite deposit. With the combination of comprehensive ratio anomalies, geological and structural information, five targets were identified for prospecting Te mineral resources. Acturally, Te-Bi-bearing pyrite veins have been already found locally in some of these targeting areas during the on-site verification of geochemical anomalies.
引文
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[30]陈贤春.330铀矿床水分散晕指示元素组成及分带性[J].矿床地质,2002,21(3):292-297.
[31]Zhang Q J,Liu Y P,He M Y,et al.Ore prospecting model and targets for the Dashuigou tellurium deposit,Sichuan province,China[J].Acta Geochimica,2018,37(4):578-591.
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[34]Eskanazy G,Finkelman R B,Chattarjee S.Some considerations concerning the use of correlation coefficients and cluster analysis in interpreting coal geochemistry data[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,83(4):491-493.
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[37]骆耀南,付德明,周绍东,等.四川石棉县大水沟碲矿床地质与成因[J].四川地质学报,1994,14(2):100-110.
[38]刘埃平,钟子川,唐建武.四川石棉碲矿床地球化学特征研究[J].地球化学,1996,25(4):365-371.
[2]Zhu P W,Yoshio I,Yukihiro I,et al.High thermoelectric properties of PbTe doped with BiTe and SbTe[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2005,22(8):2103-2105.
[3]Zhu W,Yang J Y,Zhou D X,et al.Electrochemical characterization of the underpotential deposition of tellurium on Au electrode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2007,52(11):3660-3666.
[4]You G Q,Liu S Q,Pan J H.Geochemical characteristics and enrichment mechanism of tellurium in Co-rich crusts from Pacific Ocean[J].Mineral Deposits,2014,39(6):663-668.
[5]Belzile N,Chen Y W.Tellurium in the environment:A critical review focused on natural waters,soils,sediments and airborne particles[J].Applied Geochemistry,2015,63:83-92.
[6]Mal J,Nancharaiah Y V,Maheshwari N,et al.Continuous removal and recovery of tellurium in an upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,327:79-88.
[7]毛景文,陈毓川,杨百川,等.四川省石棉县大水沟碲矿床中的辉碲铋矿研究[J].地质科学,1995,30(1):47-52.
[8]Mao J W,Chen Y C and Wang P A.Geology and geochemistry of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit,Western Sichuan,China[J].International Geology Review,2010,37(6):526-546.
[9]Mao J,Wang Y,Ding T,et al.Dashuigou Tellurium deposit in Sichuan Province,China:S,C,O,and H isotope data and their implications on hydrothermal mineralization[J].Resource Geology,2010,52(1):15-23.
[10]王汝成,徐士进,陈小明,等.四川大水沟独立碲矿床中的楚碲铋矿[J].矿物学报,1997,17(3):280-284.
[11]曹志敏,温春齐,李保华,等.首例独立碲矿床成因探讨[J].中国科学(B辑),1995,25(6):647-654.
[12]王玉婷,何明友,白宪洲,等.四川石棉大水沟碲矿床铅同位素地球化学特征[J].地质找矿论丛,2011,26(3):262-265.
[13]Ruan L S,Zhao P D,Hu G D,et al.SHRIMP U-Pb dating of greenschist from Dashuigou schiefer,Shimian County,Shichuan Province and its geological significance[J].Earth Science,2013,38(4):663-676.
[14]Nude P M,Arhin E.Overbank sediments as appropriate geochemical sample media in regional stream sediment surveys for gold exploration in the savannah regions of northern Ghana[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2009,103(1):50-56.
[15]Landry S T,Sylvestre G,Djibril K N G,et al.Stream sediment geochemical survey of Gouap-Nkollo prospect,Southern Cameroon:implications for gold and LREE exploration[J].American Journal of Mining and Metallurgy,2014,2(1):8-16.
[16]Sharma R K,Putirka K D,Stone J J.Stream sediment geochemistry of the upper Cheyenne River watershed within the abandoned uranium mining region of the southern Black Hills,South Dakota,USA[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(9):1-12.
[17]Omang B O,Che V B,Fon A N,et al.Regional geochemical stream sediment survey for gold exploration in the upper Lom Basin,eastern Cameroon[J].International Journal of Geosciences,2014,5(9):1012-1026.
[18]李玉芹,沈恒丽,王学贞.都兰地区水系沉积物测量地球化学特征及找矿预测[J].矿物学报,2011,31(3):615-620.
[19]Wang Y H,Gong P,Gong M,et al.Geochemical subdivisions in metallogenic belt with the 1:200,000 stream sediments and its geological significance:a case study in gangdese copper-polymet matallogenic belt[J].Geoscience,2010,24(4):801-806.
[20]Miao Y X,Luo W,Tang P K,et al.Anomaly evaluation and ore-search orienation in 1:50000 stream sediment survey of Mabugang area,Guangdong Province[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(1):10-17.
[21]Deng J,Wang Q F,Li G J,et al.Geology and genesis of the giant Beiya porphyry-skarn gold deposit,northwestern Yangtze Block,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,70:457-485.
[22]Gong Q J,Deng J,Wang Q F,et al.Experimental determination of calcite dissolution rates and equilibrium concentrations in deionized water approaching calcite equilibrium[J].Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(4):402-411.
[23]Wang C M,Carranza E J M,Zhang ST,et al.Characterization of primary geochemical haloes for gold exploration at the Huanxiangwa gold deposit,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013,124(124):40-58.
[24]陈晶,龚庆杰,王炯辉,等.豫西熊耳山地区槐树坪金矿岩石-土壤找矿指示元素的确定及其应用[J].岩石学报,2017,33(7):2302-2312.
[25]王瑞廷,方维萱,欧阳建平.陕西镇安二台子金铜矿床表生地球化学异常特征[J].矿床地质,2002,21(4):356-365.
[26]Jiang T,Jia D C,Chen S B,et al.Selection of effective indicator elements and plants for phytogeochemical prospecting:A case study of the Duobaoshan copper ore district in Heilongjiang Province[J].Geology&Exploration,2013,49(2):346-351.
[27]俞望杰,方维萱,贾润幸,等.新疆萨热克砂砾岩型铜矿床钻孔原生地球化学异常特征[J].矿物学报,2017,37(5):559-567.
[28]陈永清,韩学林,赵红娟,等.内蒙花敖包特Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床原生晕分带特征与深部矿体预测模型[J].地球科学,2011,36(2):236-246.
[29]付锦,赵宁博,裴承凯,等.中国碳硅泥岩型铀矿地球化学指示元素特征及异常模式[J].铀矿地质,2014,30(5):298-304.
[30]陈贤春.330铀矿床水分散晕指示元素组成及分带性[J].矿床地质,2002,21(3):292-297.
[31]Zhang Q J,Liu Y P,He M Y,et al.Ore prospecting model and targets for the Dashuigou tellurium deposit,Sichuan province,China[J].Acta Geochimica,2018,37(4):578-591.
[32]谢学锦,程志中,张立生,等.中国西南地区76种元素地球化学图[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.
[33]Tian H,Ma Z,Chen X,et al.Geochemical characteristics of selenium and its correlation to other elements and minerals in selenium-enriched rocks in Ziyang County,Shaanxi Province,China[J].Journal of Earth Science,2016,27(5):763-776.
[34]Eskanazy G,Finkelman R B,Chattarjee S.Some considerations concerning the use of correlation coefficients and cluster analysis in interpreting coal geochemistry data[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,83(4):491-493.
[35]Zhang Q,Zhu X,He Y,et al.Indium enrichment in the meng'entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn deposit,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Resource Geology,2006,56(3):337-346.
[36]Niven E B,Deutsch C V.Calculating a robust correlation coefficient and quantifying its uncertainty[J].Computers&Geosciences,2012,40(40):1-9.
[37]骆耀南,付德明,周绍东,等.四川石棉县大水沟碲矿床地质与成因[J].四川地质学报,1994,14(2):100-110.
[38]刘埃平,钟子川,唐建武.四川石棉碲矿床地球化学特征研究[J].地球化学,1996,25(4):365-371.