水中放电预加热过程的数值模拟研究
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摘要
为研究水中放电预加热过程,设计并搭建了一套水中脉冲放电系统。该系统储能电容最高充电电压10 kV,最高储能5 kJ。通过放电实验获取了水间隙从预加热至主放电过程的电压、电流波形。通过数值模拟获取了预加热阶段水中温度场、电场、电流密度场、耗散热量的空间分布,以及预加热阶段水间隙的电压波形,该电压波形与实验波形相符。通过数值模拟还分析了水介质电导率、放电间距大小、电极形状等因素对预加热阶段的影响。在实验条件下预加热过程约为毫秒量级,增加水的电导率、减小水间隙和增加电场不均匀程度,均能加快预加热过程,并发现水中最先汽化的位置为阳极尖端处,这对后续的流注起始的研究提供了参考。
To study the preheating process of pulse discharge in water, an underwater pulse discharge system was designed and built. The maximum charging voltage of the capacitors in this system is 10 kV and maximum storage capacity is 5 kJ. The waveforms of capacitor voltage and circuit current from preheating to main discharge process were obtained by discharge experiments. The distributions of temperature, electrical field, current density, heat dissipation,and voltage waveform between water gap during preheating processs were obtained by numerical simulation. The voltage waveform agrees well with the experimental results. The influences of water conductivity, water gap distance, electrode shape on the preheating process in water were also analyzed by simulation. Under the experimental conditions, the preheating process is at the order of milliseconds. With greater water conductivity, shorter water-gap length and more uneven electric field,the preheating process will be faster. The simulation results indicate that the location of the first boiling point in water is close to the top of the anode, which may provide a beneficial help for studying the initiation of streamers in water.
To study the preheating process of pulse discharge in water, an underwater pulse discharge system was designed and built. The maximum charging voltage of the capacitors in this system is 10 kV and maximum storage capacity is 5 kJ. The waveforms of capacitor voltage and circuit current from preheating to main discharge process were obtained by discharge experiments. The distributions of temperature, electrical field, current density, heat dissipation,and voltage waveform between water gap during preheating processs were obtained by numerical simulation. The voltage waveform agrees well with the experimental results. The influences of water conductivity, water gap distance, electrode shape on the preheating process in water were also analyzed by simulation. Under the experimental conditions, the preheating process is at the order of milliseconds. With greater water conductivity, shorter water-gap length and more uneven electric field,the preheating process will be faster. The simulation results indicate that the location of the first boiling point in water is close to the top of the anode, which may provide a beneficial help for studying the initiation of streamers in water.
引文
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[15]汪超,王铁成,屈广周,等.脉冲电晕放电等离子体耦合土壤颗粒去除废水中盐酸四环素[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):3076-3082.WANG Chao,WANG Tiecheng,QU Guangzhou,et al.Removal of tetracycline HCl in wastewater by pulsed corona discharge plasma coupled with soil particles[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):3076-3082.
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[18]刘强.水中脉冲电晕放电研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006.LIU Qiang,The study of pulsed corona discharge in water[D].Beijing,China:Graduated School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.
[19]李显东,刘毅,李志远,等.不均匀电场下水中脉冲放电观测及沉积能量对激波的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):3028-3036.LI Xiandong,LIU Yi,LI Zhiyuan,et al.Observation of underwater pulse discharge and influence of deposited energy on shock wave in non-uniform electric field[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):3028-3036.
[20]陈世英,牟金东.泥浆电阻率快速测量仪的研制[J].石油管材与仪器,2005,19(2):75-76.CHEN Shiying,MOU Jindong.Development of mud resistivity rapid measuring instrument[J].Petroleum Instruments,2005,19(2):75-76.
[2]尤特金.液电效应[M].北京:科学出版社,1962:1-12.Yutkin.Liquid electric effect[M].Beijing,China:Science Press,1962:1-12.
[3]张雷,邓琦林,周锦进.液电效应除垢机理分析与试验研究[J].大连理工大学学报,1998(2):207-211.ZHANG Lei,DENG Qilin,ZHOU Jinjin.Experimental study of shock wave effect of electrical discharge under water in filth cleaning[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,1998(2):207-211.
[4]徐旭哲,孙鹞鸿,付荣耀,等.全固态组合式陆地电火花震源研制[J].高压电器,2017,53(4):36-40.XU Xuzhe,SUN Yaohong,FU Rongyao,et al.Development of the solid-state modular land electric spark source[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(4):36-40.
[5]樊爱龙,孙鹞鸿,徐旭哲,等.高压脉冲放电震源及其放电特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(3):890-895.FAN Ailong,SUN Yaohong,XU Xuzhe,et al.High-voltage pulse discharge seismic source and its characteristics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(3):890-895.
[6]韩波,王新新,郭志刚,等.脉冲大电流放电技术在疏通油井上的应用[J].电工电能新技术,1998(1):36-40.HAN Bo,WANG Xinxin,GUO Zhigang,et al.Applications of impulse discharge with high current technique on oil well plug releasing[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering&Energy,1998(1):36-40.
[7]刘毅,李志远,李显东,等.水中脉冲激波对模拟岩层破碎试验[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(24):71-78.LIU Yi,LI Zhiyuan,LI Xiandong,et al.Experiments on the fracture of simulated stratum by underwater pulsed discharge shock waves[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):71-78.
[8]张大伟,朱金龙,刘旺胜,等.同轴电极固液界面放电的碎石模式[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):3753-3757.ZHANG Dawei,ZHU Jinlong,LIU Wangsheng,et al.Mode of rock blasting on the solid-liquid interface with coaxial electrode[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):3753-3757.
[9]付荣耀,孙鹞鸿,刘坤,等.大水泥岩样的电脉冲压裂实验研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2018,30(4):131-135.FU Rongyao,SUN Yaohong,LIU Kun,et al.Experimental study of fracturing under electric pulse for large cement sample[J].High Power Laser&Particle Beams,2018,30(4):131-135.
[10]陈李宾,廖振方.电液压脉冲技术在油田集输管网清垢中的应用[J].油气储运,1997,16(6):31-33.CHEN Libin,LIAO Zhenfang.Electric-hydraulic pulse method applied to cleaning scale deposition of pipe network in oil field[J].OGST,1997,16(6):31-33.
[11]林友岳,包家立,陈俊飞,等.体外冲击波碎石成功率密度分布的能量效应[J].高电压技术,2017,43(8):2470-2476.LIN Youyue,BAO Jiali,CHEN Junfei,et al.Effect of energy on success rate density distribution of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(8):2470-2476.
[12]ROBINSON J W,HAM M,BALASTER A N.Ultraviolet radiation from electrical discharges in water[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1973,44(1):72-75.
[13]CLEMENTS J S,SATO M,DAVIS R H.Preliminary investigation of prebreakdown phenomena and chemical reactions using a pulsed high-voltage discharge in water[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1987,23(2):224-235.
[14]田一平,周新颖,袁晓莉,等.强电离放电等离子体在应急净化饮用水中的应用[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):1792-1799.TIAN Yiping,ZHOU Xinying,YUAN Xiaoli,et al.Application on strong ionized discharge plasma to emergency drinking water disinfection[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):1792-1799.
[15]汪超,王铁成,屈广周,等.脉冲电晕放电等离子体耦合土壤颗粒去除废水中盐酸四环素[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):3076-3082.WANG Chao,WANG Tiecheng,QU Guangzhou,et al.Removal of tetracycline HCl in wastewater by pulsed corona discharge plasma coupled with soil particles[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):3076-3082.
[16]刘思维,刘毅,李显东,等.水间隙击穿放电模式对激波强度的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):2807-2815.LIU Siwei,LIU Yi,LI Xiandong,et al.Effect of electrical breakdown discharge modes on shock wave intensity in water[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):2807-2815.
[17]蔡新景,王凯奇,王新新,等.不同湿度下空气的流注放电特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):633-638.CAI Xinjing,WANG Kaiqi,WANG Xinxin,et al.Properties of streamer discharges in air with variable humidity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):633-638.
[18]刘强.水中脉冲电晕放电研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006.LIU Qiang,The study of pulsed corona discharge in water[D].Beijing,China:Graduated School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.
[19]李显东,刘毅,李志远,等.不均匀电场下水中脉冲放电观测及沉积能量对激波的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):3028-3036.LI Xiandong,LIU Yi,LI Zhiyuan,et al.Observation of underwater pulse discharge and influence of deposited energy on shock wave in non-uniform electric field[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):3028-3036.
[20]陈世英,牟金东.泥浆电阻率快速测量仪的研制[J].石油管材与仪器,2005,19(2):75-76.CHEN Shiying,MOU Jindong.Development of mud resistivity rapid measuring instrument[J].Petroleum Instruments,2005,19(2):75-76.