Petrology, geochemistry, radioactivity, and M–W type rare earth element tetrads of El Sela altered granites, south eastern desert,Egypt
|
摘要
The southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt—about 30 km southwest of Abu-Ramad city—is mainly covered by ophiolitic rocks(Sul Hamed), island arc assemblage, younger granites(muscovite granites of Qash Amer and two mica granites of El Sela), and various acidic and basic dikes. Field, petrological, and geochemical studies indicate that the El Sela shear zone has been subject to hydrothermal and supergene alteration such as kaolinization, albitization, sericitization, and hematitization. It is invaded by quartz ENE–WSW veins associated with hydrothermal alteration accompanied by radioactive mineralization. The investigated younger granitic rocks had very low contents of compatible elements, such as Cr, Ni,and Co; and high contents of incompatible elements, such as Zr, and large ion lithophiles, such as Sr, especially in the El Sela shear zone. Major oxide and trace element analyses revealed calc-alkaline affinity and peraluminous character.These highly differentiated granitic rocks' lower Zr/Hf and higher Y/Ho than the normal ratio are consistent with hydrothermal alteration. Most samples had rare earth element(REE)-patterns with an M-type tetrad effect in the first and fourth segments and a W-type tetrad in the third segment. The average ∑REE in the studied granites was lower than the world granite average; the ratio of light to heavy REEs greater. The main radioactive, uranium-bearing, and uraniferous Fe and Mn minerals are uranothorite,autunite, uranophane and autunite as compounds, kasolite,columbite, xenotime, uranophane-bearing zircon and jarosite, silver-bearing pyrite, hematite, and autunite-bearing pyrolusite.
The southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt—about 30 km southwest of Abu-Ramad city—is mainly covered by ophiolitic rocks(Sul Hamed), island arc assemblage, younger granites(muscovite granites of Qash Amer and two mica granites of El Sela), and various acidic and basic dikes. Field, petrological, and geochemical studies indicate that the El Sela shear zone has been subject to hydrothermal and supergene alteration such as kaolinization, albitization, sericitization, and hematitization. It is invaded by quartz ENE–WSW veins associated with hydrothermal alteration accompanied by radioactive mineralization. The investigated younger granitic rocks had very low contents of compatible elements, such as Cr, Ni,and Co; and high contents of incompatible elements, such as Zr, and large ion lithophiles, such as Sr, especially in the El Sela shear zone. Major oxide and trace element analyses revealed calc-alkaline affinity and peraluminous character.These highly differentiated granitic rocks' lower Zr/Hf and higher Y/Ho than the normal ratio are consistent with hydrothermal alteration. Most samples had rare earth element(REE)-patterns with an M-type tetrad effect in the first and fourth segments and a W-type tetrad in the third segment. The average ∑REE in the studied granites was lower than the world granite average; the ratio of light to heavy REEs greater. The main radioactive, uranium-bearing, and uraniferous Fe and Mn minerals are uranothorite,autunite, uranophane and autunite as compounds, kasolite,columbite, xenotime, uranophane-bearing zircon and jarosite, silver-bearing pyrite, hematite, and autunite-bearing pyrolusite.
The southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt—about 30 km southwest of Abu-Ramad city—is mainly covered by ophiolitic rocks(Sul Hamed), island arc assemblage, younger granites(muscovite granites of Qash Amer and two mica granites of El Sela), and various acidic and basic dikes. Field, petrological, and geochemical studies indicate that the El Sela shear zone has been subject to hydrothermal and supergene alteration such as kaolinization, albitization, sericitization, and hematitization. It is invaded by quartz ENE–WSW veins associated with hydrothermal alteration accompanied by radioactive mineralization. The investigated younger granitic rocks had very low contents of compatible elements, such as Cr, Ni,and Co; and high contents of incompatible elements, such as Zr, and large ion lithophiles, such as Sr, especially in the El Sela shear zone. Major oxide and trace element analyses revealed calc-alkaline affinity and peraluminous character.These highly differentiated granitic rocks' lower Zr/Hf and higher Y/Ho than the normal ratio are consistent with hydrothermal alteration. Most samples had rare earth element(REE)-patterns with an M-type tetrad effect in the first and fourth segments and a W-type tetrad in the third segment. The average ∑REE in the studied granites was lower than the world granite average; the ratio of light to heavy REEs greater. The main radioactive, uranium-bearing, and uraniferous Fe and Mn minerals are uranothorite,autunite, uranophane and autunite as compounds, kasolite,columbite, xenotime, uranophane-bearing zircon and jarosite, silver-bearing pyrite, hematite, and autunite-bearing pyrolusite.
引文
Abaa SI(1991)Hydrothermal fluids responsible for the formation of precious minerals in the Nigerian younger granite province.Miner Depos 26:34-39
Abd El Gawad AE,Orabi AH,Bayoumi MB(2014)Uranium evaluation and its recovery from microgranite dike at G.El Sela area,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Arab J Geosci.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1499-3
Abdalla HM,Matsueda H,Ishihara S,Miura H(1994)Mineral chemistry of albite-enriched granitoids at Um Ara,Southeastern Desert,Egypt.Int Geol Rev 36:1067-1077
Abdel Naby HH(2008)Genesis of secondary uranium minerals associated with jasperoid veins,El Erediya area,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Mineral Depos 43:933-944
Abdel Warith A,Raslan MF,Ali MA(2007)Mineralogy and radioactivity of pegmatite bodies from the granitic pluton of Gabal Um Tager El-Tahtani area,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.In:The 10th international mining,petroleum,and metallurgical engineering conference March 6-8,Mining,Code No.M3,Faculty of Engineering,Cairo University
Abu Dief A(1985)Geology of uranium mineralization in Missikat,Qena-Safaga Road,Eastern Desert,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Assiut University,p 242
Abu El Laban SA(2002)Some geological and geochemical studies in Abu Ramad Area,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Ph.D.Cairo University,p 274
Abu-Deif A(1992)The relation between the Uranium Mineralization and Tectonics in Some Pan-African Granites,West of Safaga,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis,Assiut University,p 216
Ali KG(2011)Structural control of El Sela granites and associated uranium deposites(in press)
Ali MA,Lentz DR(2011)Mineralogy,geochemistry and age dating of shear zone-hosted Nb-Ta-,Zr-Hf-,Th-,U-bearing granitic rocks in the Ghadir and El-Sella areas,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Chin J Geochem 30(4):453-478.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-011-0531-5
Ali MA,Raslan MF,El-Feky MG(2005)Radioactivity and mineralogy of some pegmatite bodies from Gabal Al-Farayid granites,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.In:The 9th international mining,petroleum,and metallurgical engineering conference Feb 21-24,2005,Faculty of Engineering,Cairo University
Assaf HS,Shalaby MH,Ibrahim ME,Rashed MA(1996)Ground radiometric survey,Shalatin-Halaib Area,Southeastern Desert,Egypt.Internal Report,Nuclear Materials Authority,Egypt
Assaf HS,Mahdy MA,El Afandy A(1997)Egyptian younger granites:an approach to define parameters favoring formation of uranium deposits.In:3rd conference of geochemistry,Alexandria,3-4 Sept 1997,pp 409-420
Bau M(1996)Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems:evidence from Y/Ho,Zr/Hf,and lanthanide tetrad effect.Contrib Mineral Pet123:323-333
Bentor YK(1985)The crustal evolution of the Arabo-Nubian Massif with special reference to the Sinai Peninsula.Precambr Res28(1-7):4
Beyth M,Stern RJ,Altherr R,Kroner A(1994)The late Precambrian Timna igneous complex,Southern Israel:evidence of comagmatic-type sanukitoid monzodiorite and alkali granite magma.Lithos 31:103-124
Boyle RW(1982)Geochemical prospecting for thorium and uranium.Elsevier,Amsterdam,p 498
Boynton WV(1984)Geochemistry of rare earth elements:meteorite studies.In:Henderson P(ed)Rare earth elements geochemistry.Elsevier,Amsterdam,pp 63-114
Cao MJ,Li GM,Qin KZ,Seitmuratova EY,Liu YS(2013)Major and trace element characteristics of apatites in granitoids from Central Kazakhstan:implications for petrogenesis and mineralization.Resour Geol 62:63-83
Cathelineau M,Holliger P(1987)Polyphase metallogenesis of hydrothermal uranium veins from the southern amoricon massif,France.In:Proceedings Int Mtg Nancy,p 212-217
Charbonneau BW(1982)Radiometric study of three radioactive granites in the Canadian Shield:Elliot Lake,Ontario;Fort Smith,and Fury and Hecia,N.W.T.In:Maurice YT(ed)Uranium in granites.Geol Surv Can,pp 91-99
Clark SPJ,Peterman ZE,Heier KS(1966)Abundances in uranium,thorium and potassium.In:Handbook of physical constants.Geol Soc Am,Memoir 97,pp 521-541
Collins AS,Pisarevsky SA(2005)Amalgamating eastern Gondwana:the evolution of the Circum-Indian Orogens.Earth Sci Rev71:229-270
Condie KC(1973)Archean magmatism and crustal thickenning.Geol Soc Am Bull 84:2981-2992
Constantopoulos J(1988)Fluid inclusion and rare earth elements geochemistry of fluorite from South-Central Idaho.Econ Geol83:626-636
Cuney M(1984)Les methods des prospection de 1’uranium.Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD,Paris,pp 277-292
Cuney M,LeFort P,Wong Z(1984)Uranium and thorium geochemistry and mineralogy in the Manaslu leucogranites(Nepal,Himalaya):Geology of Granites and their Metallogenic Relations:Symp.Nanjing,(1982).Univ Press,Beijing,pp 853-873
Cuney M,Leroy J,Volivezo A,Daziano C,Gambda B,Zarco AJ,Morello O,Ninci C,Molina P,(1989)Metallogenesis of the uranium mineralized Achala granitic complex,Argentina:comparison with Hercynian peraluminous leucogranites of Western Europe.In:Proceedings Tech.Comm.Meetings,Vienna,TECDOC-543,I.A.E.A.,Vienna.pp 211-232
Darnely AG(1982)‘‘Hot granite’’;some general remarks.In:Maurice YT(ed)Uranium in granites.Geological Survey of Canada,Ottawa,p 81-23,1-10
Dostal J,Chatterjee AK(2000)Contrasting behavior of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios in a peraluminous granitic pluton(Nova Scotia,Canada).Chem Geol 163:207-218
Ekwere SJ(1985)Li,F and Rb contents and Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios as indicators of postmagmatic alteration and mineralization in the granitic rocks of the Banke and Ririwai Younger Granite complexes,Northern Nigeria.Mineral Depos 20:89-93
El Galy MM(2007)Mobilization of some radioelements and its implication on their favorability,case study on selected granitic plutons,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.Sci J Fac Sci 21:19-38
El Mezayen AM,Heikal MA,Abu Zeid IK,Omar SA,El-Feky MG,Lasheen SR(2017)Petrography,geochemistry and radioactivity of El-Gidami granitic Rocks,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt,Al Azhar Bulletin of Science vol 9,Conference,March 2017,pp 25-40
El Nahas HA,El Feky MG,Mira H(2011)Mineralogy,M-type tetrad effect and radioactivity of altered granites at the G.Abu Garadi shear zone,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.Chin J Geochem 30:153-164
El-Nisr SA,El-Sayed MM,Saleh GM(2002)Geochemistry and petrogensis of Pan-African late-to post-orogenic younger granitoids at Shalatine-Halaib,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.J Afr Earth Sci 33(2):261-282
Fawzy KM(2017)Characterization of a post orogenic A-type granite,Gabal El Atawi,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt:geochemical and radioactive perspectives.Open J Geol 7:93-117
Fedo CM,Nesbitt HW,Young GM(1995)Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance.Geol 23:921-924
Fedo CM,Young GM,Nesbitt HW,Hancher JM(1997)Potassic and sodic metasomatism in the Southern Province of Canadian Shield:evidence from Paleoproterozoic Serpent Formation,Huronian Supergroup,Canada.Precambr Res 84:17-36
Finch RJ(1992)The corrosion of uraninite under oxidizing conditions.J Nucl Mater 190:133-156
Forster HJ(1998)The chemical composition of REE-Y-Th-U-rich accessory minerals in peraluminous granites of the ErzgebirgeFichtelgebirge region,Germany,Part I:the monazite-(Ce)-brabantite solid solution series.Am Miner 83:259-272
Gaafar IM(2005)Application of geological and geophysical survey of defining the uranium potentiality of some younger granites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt.Ph.D.Thesis Fac.Of Sci.,Mansoura,Univ,p 180
Giblin AM,Batt BD,Swaine DJ(1981)Laboratory simulation studies of uranium mobility in natural waters.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:699
Greiling RO,El-Ramly MF,Rashawn AA,Kamal El-Din GM(1993)Towards a comprehensive structural synthesis of the(Proterozoic)Arabian Nubian Shield in e.Egypt.In:Thorweihe U,Schandelmeie H(eds)Geoscientific research in Northeast Africa.Balkema,Rotterdam,pp 15-19
Gunther J,Kleeman M,Twisted D(1989)The compositionally-zond sheet-like granite pluton of the Bushveld complex:evidance bearing on the nature of A-type magmatism.J Petrol30:1383-1414
Hansink JK(1976)Equilibrium analysis of sandstone roll front uranium deposits.In:Proceeding International in symposium on exploration of uranium deposits.IAEA,Vienna,pp 638-693
Hassan MA,Hashad AH(1990)Precambrian of Egypt.The anorogenic alkalic rocks,South Eastern Desret,Egypt.Ann Geol Surv 9:81-101
Heinrich E Wm(1958)Mineralogy and geology of radioactive raw materials.McGraw Hill Book Company Inc,New York,p 654
Hermann AG(1970)Yttrium and lanthanides.In:Wedepohl KH(ed)Handbook of geochemistry.Sprin,New York,pp 39-57
Hine RH,Williams IS,Chappell BW,White JR(1978)Geochemical contrast between I-and S-type granitoids of the Kosciusko Batholiths.J Geol Soc Assiut 25:219-234
Hsi CK,Langmuir D(1985)Adsorption of uranyl onto ferric oxyhydroxides:application of the surface complexation sitebinding model.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:1931-1941
Hussein AH(1978)Lecture Course in Nuclear Geology.Egypt,NMA,p 101
Hussein HA,Hassan MA,El Tahir MA,Abu-Deif A(1986)Uranium bearing siliceous veins in younger granites,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Report of the Working Group on Uranium Geology,vol361.IAEA,Vienna,TECDOC,pp 143-157
Ibrahim ME(1986)Geologic and radiometric studies on um ara granite pluton,South East Aswan,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Mansoura University
Ibrahim ME,Zalata AA,Assaf HS,Ibrahim IH,Rashed MA(2005)El Sella shear zone,south eastern desert,Egypt.Example of veintype uranium deposit.In:The 9th international mining,petroleum,and metallurgical engering conference,mining,pp 41-55
Imeokparia EG(1981)Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios as indicators of magmatic fractionation,post magmatic alteration and mineralization Afu Younger Granite Complex,Northern Nigeria.Geochem J 15:209-219
Irber W(1999)The lanthanide tetrad effect and its correlation with K/Rb,Eu/Eu*,Sr/Eu,Y/Ho,and Zr/Hf of evolving peraluminous granite suites.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:489-508
Irvine TN,Baragar WRA(1971)A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks.Can J Earth Sci 8:523-548
Jahn BM,Wu F,Capdevila R,Martineau F,Zhao Z,Wang Y(2001)Highly evolved juvenile granites with tetrad REE patterns:the Woduhe and Baerzhe granites from the Great Xing’an Mountains in NE China.Lithos 59:171-198
Jasinski AW(1988)Activity diagrams for the MgO-Na2O-K2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O-HCL-system in the temp.Range 298-623and 1 K bar pressure,Bergslagen,Sweeden.Geol Mijndovw67:379-395
Jiashu R,Zehong H(1982)Forms of uranium occurrence and its distribution in uraniferous granites.In:Geology of granites and their metallogenetic relations,Proc Symp Nanjing.Sciences Press,Beijing,pp 621-635
Kato T,Miura Y(1977)The crystal structures of jarosite and svanbergite.Miner J 8:419-430(Japan)
Khalaf IM(2005)Geology of the area around G.Qash Amir with special emphases on the granitic rocks,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.J Geol 49:49-64
Langmuir D(1978)Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits:geochim.Cosmochim Acta 42:547-569
Marmo V(1971)Granite petrology and the granite problem.Elsevier,New York
Masuda A,Kawakami O,Dohomoto Y,Takenaka T(1987)Lanthanide tetrad effects in nature:two mutually opposite types,W and M.Geochem J 21:119-124
Meert JG,Torsvik TH(2003)The making and unmaking of a supercontinent:rodinia revisited.Tectonophysics 375:261-288
Mehdy AI,El-Kammar AM(2003)Geochemical partitioning of isovalents and tetrad effect of REE associating episyenitization of Kab Amiri granites,Central,Eastern Desert of Egypt.In:Proceedings of the 5th international conference on the geology of the middle east,Ain Shams Univ,Cairo,Part II,pp 111-126
Meyer C,Hemley JJ(1967)Wall rock alterations,166-235.In:Barnes HG(ed)Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits.Winston Inc,New York,p 670
Middlemost EAK(1985)Magma and magmatic rocks.Longman Group Ltd.,London,p 75p
Mira HI,Ibrahim TM(2009)Mineralogical and geochemical evidence for tetravalent uranium bio mineralization within El Sela weathered granite,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Ann Geol Surv Egypt V.XXXI
Naumov GB(1959)Transportation of uranium in hydrothermal solution as carbonate.Geochemistry 1:5-20
Neiva AM,Neiva JM,Parry SJ(1987)Geochemistry of the granitic rocks and their minerals from Serra da Estrela,Central Portugal.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51(3):439-454
Nesbitt HW,Young GM(1984)Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations.Geochim Cosmochimica Acta 48:1523-1534
Nesbitt HW,Young GM(1989)Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles.J Geol 97:129-147.https://doi.org/10.1086/629290
Nockolds SR,Allen RS(1953)The geochemistry of some igneous rock series I:calc-alkali igneous trends.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 4:105-156
Pearce JA,Harris NBW,Tindle AG(1984)Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks.J Pet 25:956-983
Petro WL,Vogel TA,Wilband JT(1979)Major element chemistry of plutonic rock suites from compressional and extensional plate boundaries.Chem Geol 26:217-235
Pirajno F(1992)Hydrothermal mineral deposits.Springer,Berlin,pp 709
Rashed MA(2001)Geology,petrology and uranium potential of G.Qash Amir-G.El Sela granitic mass,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Mansoura Univ,p 120
Raslan MF,Ali MA,El Feky MG(2010a)Mineralogy and radioactivity of pegmatites from South Wadi Khuda area,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Chin J Geochem 29:343-354
Raslan MF,El-Shall HE,Omar SA,Daher AM(2010b)Mineralogy of polymetallic mineralized pegmatite of Ras Baroud granite,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.J Mineral Pet Sci 105:123-134
Reeves RD,Brooks RR(1978)Trace element analyses of geological materials.Wiley,New York,p 421
Rogers JJW,Adams JAS(1969)Uranium and thorium.In:Wedepohl KH(ed)Hand-book of geochemistry,VII-3,92-B-1 to 92-0-8and 90-B-1 to 90-0-5.Springer,Berlin
Roser BP,Coombs DS,Korsch RJ,Campbell JD(2002)Whole-rock geochemical variations and evolution of the arc-derived Murihiku Terrane,New Zealand.Geol Mag 139:665-685
Roz ME(1994)Geology and uranium mineralization of gabal gattar area,North Eastern Desert,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Al Azhar University,p 175
Sadek AA(2017)Mineralogy,radioactivity and fluid inclusion studies on Gabal El Sela granite,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Egypt J Geol 61:373-392
Shahin AA(2011)Occurrence of uraniferous iron and manganese oxides in biotite granite North East Gabal El Sela area,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Arab J Geosci 6(7):2245-2259
Shahin AA(2014)Zr-Y-Nb-REE mineralization associated with microgranite and basic dykes at El Sela shear zone,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Springer Plus 3:573
Shand SJ(1951)Eruptive rocks,4th edn.Wiley,New York,p 360
Shaw DM(1968)A review of K-Rb fractionation trends by covariance analyses.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 32:573-601
Shimmield GB,Mowbray SR(1991)The inorganic geochemical record of the northwest Arabian Sea:a history of productivity variation over the last 400 ka from Sites 722 and 724.Proc Ocean Drill Program Sci Results 117:409-429
Stempork M(1979)Mineralization granites and their origin.Episods3:20-24
Stern RJ(1979)Late-Precambrian ensimatic volcanism in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt.Ph.D.Thesis,Univ.California,pp 210
Stern RJ(1994)Arc assembly and continental collision in the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen:implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland.Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci22:319-351
Stern RJ(2017)Neoproterozoic formation and evolution of Eastern Desert continental crust-The importance of the infrastructuresuperstructure transition.J Afr Earth Sci.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.01.001
Stern RJ,Gottfried D(1986)Petrogenesis of late Precambrian(575-600 Ma)bimodal suite in northeast Africa.Contrib Mineral Pet 92:492-501
Stern RJ,Hedge CE(1985)Geochronologic constraints on late Precambrian crustal evolution in the Eastern Desert of Egypt.Am J Sci 285:97-127
Streckeisen A(1976)To each plutonic rock its proper name.Earth Sci Rev 12:1-33
Stuckless JS,Bunker CM,Bush CA,Doering WP,Scott JH(1977)Chemical and petrological studies of uraniferous granite from Granite Mountains,Wyoming U.S Geol Surv J Res 5:61-81
Sweewald JS,Syfried JW(1990)The effect of temperature on metal mobility in subsea floor hydrothermal system.Constraints from basalt alteration experiments.Earth Planet Sci Lett 101:388-403
Taylor SR(1965)Application of trace elements data to problems in petrology.Phys Chem Earth 6:133-213
Tuttle OF,Bowen NL(1958)Origin of granites in the light of experimental studies in the system NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O.Geol Soc Am Mem 74:153
Weaver CE,Pollard CD(1973)The chemistry of clay minerals.Elsevier,New York,p 213p
Worsley TR,Nance RD,Moody JB(1986)Tectonic cycles and the history of the earth’s biogeochemical and paleoceanographic record.Paleogeography 1:233-263
Yarincik KM,Murray RW,Peterson LC(2000)Climatically sensitive eolian and hemipelagic deposition in the Cariaco Basin,Venezuela,over the past 578,000 years:results from Al/Ti and K/Al.Paleoceanography 15:210-228
Zhao ZH,Bao ZW,Lee Seung GU(2008)A composite M-with W-type of REE tetrad effect in a north China alkaline complex.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72 Supp:11095
Zhao ZH,Bao ZW,Qiao YL(2010)A peculiar composite M-and W-type REE tetrad effect:evidence from the Shuiquangou alkaline syenite complex,Hebei Province,China.Chinese Sci Bull 55:2684-2696.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3231-3
Abd El Gawad AE,Orabi AH,Bayoumi MB(2014)Uranium evaluation and its recovery from microgranite dike at G.El Sela area,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Arab J Geosci.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1499-3
Abdalla HM,Matsueda H,Ishihara S,Miura H(1994)Mineral chemistry of albite-enriched granitoids at Um Ara,Southeastern Desert,Egypt.Int Geol Rev 36:1067-1077
Abdel Naby HH(2008)Genesis of secondary uranium minerals associated with jasperoid veins,El Erediya area,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Mineral Depos 43:933-944
Abdel Warith A,Raslan MF,Ali MA(2007)Mineralogy and radioactivity of pegmatite bodies from the granitic pluton of Gabal Um Tager El-Tahtani area,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.In:The 10th international mining,petroleum,and metallurgical engineering conference March 6-8,Mining,Code No.M3,Faculty of Engineering,Cairo University
Abu Dief A(1985)Geology of uranium mineralization in Missikat,Qena-Safaga Road,Eastern Desert,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Assiut University,p 242
Abu El Laban SA(2002)Some geological and geochemical studies in Abu Ramad Area,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Ph.D.Cairo University,p 274
Abu-Deif A(1992)The relation between the Uranium Mineralization and Tectonics in Some Pan-African Granites,West of Safaga,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis,Assiut University,p 216
Ali KG(2011)Structural control of El Sela granites and associated uranium deposites(in press)
Ali MA,Lentz DR(2011)Mineralogy,geochemistry and age dating of shear zone-hosted Nb-Ta-,Zr-Hf-,Th-,U-bearing granitic rocks in the Ghadir and El-Sella areas,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Chin J Geochem 30(4):453-478.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-011-0531-5
Ali MA,Raslan MF,El-Feky MG(2005)Radioactivity and mineralogy of some pegmatite bodies from Gabal Al-Farayid granites,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.In:The 9th international mining,petroleum,and metallurgical engineering conference Feb 21-24,2005,Faculty of Engineering,Cairo University
Assaf HS,Shalaby MH,Ibrahim ME,Rashed MA(1996)Ground radiometric survey,Shalatin-Halaib Area,Southeastern Desert,Egypt.Internal Report,Nuclear Materials Authority,Egypt
Assaf HS,Mahdy MA,El Afandy A(1997)Egyptian younger granites:an approach to define parameters favoring formation of uranium deposits.In:3rd conference of geochemistry,Alexandria,3-4 Sept 1997,pp 409-420
Bau M(1996)Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems:evidence from Y/Ho,Zr/Hf,and lanthanide tetrad effect.Contrib Mineral Pet123:323-333
Bentor YK(1985)The crustal evolution of the Arabo-Nubian Massif with special reference to the Sinai Peninsula.Precambr Res28(1-7):4
Beyth M,Stern RJ,Altherr R,Kroner A(1994)The late Precambrian Timna igneous complex,Southern Israel:evidence of comagmatic-type sanukitoid monzodiorite and alkali granite magma.Lithos 31:103-124
Boyle RW(1982)Geochemical prospecting for thorium and uranium.Elsevier,Amsterdam,p 498
Boynton WV(1984)Geochemistry of rare earth elements:meteorite studies.In:Henderson P(ed)Rare earth elements geochemistry.Elsevier,Amsterdam,pp 63-114
Cao MJ,Li GM,Qin KZ,Seitmuratova EY,Liu YS(2013)Major and trace element characteristics of apatites in granitoids from Central Kazakhstan:implications for petrogenesis and mineralization.Resour Geol 62:63-83
Cathelineau M,Holliger P(1987)Polyphase metallogenesis of hydrothermal uranium veins from the southern amoricon massif,France.In:Proceedings Int Mtg Nancy,p 212-217
Charbonneau BW(1982)Radiometric study of three radioactive granites in the Canadian Shield:Elliot Lake,Ontario;Fort Smith,and Fury and Hecia,N.W.T.In:Maurice YT(ed)Uranium in granites.Geol Surv Can,pp 91-99
Clark SPJ,Peterman ZE,Heier KS(1966)Abundances in uranium,thorium and potassium.In:Handbook of physical constants.Geol Soc Am,Memoir 97,pp 521-541
Collins AS,Pisarevsky SA(2005)Amalgamating eastern Gondwana:the evolution of the Circum-Indian Orogens.Earth Sci Rev71:229-270
Condie KC(1973)Archean magmatism and crustal thickenning.Geol Soc Am Bull 84:2981-2992
Constantopoulos J(1988)Fluid inclusion and rare earth elements geochemistry of fluorite from South-Central Idaho.Econ Geol83:626-636
Cuney M(1984)Les methods des prospection de 1’uranium.Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD,Paris,pp 277-292
Cuney M,LeFort P,Wong Z(1984)Uranium and thorium geochemistry and mineralogy in the Manaslu leucogranites(Nepal,Himalaya):Geology of Granites and their Metallogenic Relations:Symp.Nanjing,(1982).Univ Press,Beijing,pp 853-873
Cuney M,Leroy J,Volivezo A,Daziano C,Gambda B,Zarco AJ,Morello O,Ninci C,Molina P,(1989)Metallogenesis of the uranium mineralized Achala granitic complex,Argentina:comparison with Hercynian peraluminous leucogranites of Western Europe.In:Proceedings Tech.Comm.Meetings,Vienna,TECDOC-543,I.A.E.A.,Vienna.pp 211-232
Darnely AG(1982)‘‘Hot granite’’;some general remarks.In:Maurice YT(ed)Uranium in granites.Geological Survey of Canada,Ottawa,p 81-23,1-10
Dostal J,Chatterjee AK(2000)Contrasting behavior of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios in a peraluminous granitic pluton(Nova Scotia,Canada).Chem Geol 163:207-218
Ekwere SJ(1985)Li,F and Rb contents and Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios as indicators of postmagmatic alteration and mineralization in the granitic rocks of the Banke and Ririwai Younger Granite complexes,Northern Nigeria.Mineral Depos 20:89-93
El Galy MM(2007)Mobilization of some radioelements and its implication on their favorability,case study on selected granitic plutons,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.Sci J Fac Sci 21:19-38
El Mezayen AM,Heikal MA,Abu Zeid IK,Omar SA,El-Feky MG,Lasheen SR(2017)Petrography,geochemistry and radioactivity of El-Gidami granitic Rocks,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt,Al Azhar Bulletin of Science vol 9,Conference,March 2017,pp 25-40
El Nahas HA,El Feky MG,Mira H(2011)Mineralogy,M-type tetrad effect and radioactivity of altered granites at the G.Abu Garadi shear zone,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.Chin J Geochem 30:153-164
El-Nisr SA,El-Sayed MM,Saleh GM(2002)Geochemistry and petrogensis of Pan-African late-to post-orogenic younger granitoids at Shalatine-Halaib,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.J Afr Earth Sci 33(2):261-282
Fawzy KM(2017)Characterization of a post orogenic A-type granite,Gabal El Atawi,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt:geochemical and radioactive perspectives.Open J Geol 7:93-117
Fedo CM,Nesbitt HW,Young GM(1995)Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance.Geol 23:921-924
Fedo CM,Young GM,Nesbitt HW,Hancher JM(1997)Potassic and sodic metasomatism in the Southern Province of Canadian Shield:evidence from Paleoproterozoic Serpent Formation,Huronian Supergroup,Canada.Precambr Res 84:17-36
Finch RJ(1992)The corrosion of uraninite under oxidizing conditions.J Nucl Mater 190:133-156
Forster HJ(1998)The chemical composition of REE-Y-Th-U-rich accessory minerals in peraluminous granites of the ErzgebirgeFichtelgebirge region,Germany,Part I:the monazite-(Ce)-brabantite solid solution series.Am Miner 83:259-272
Gaafar IM(2005)Application of geological and geophysical survey of defining the uranium potentiality of some younger granites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt.Ph.D.Thesis Fac.Of Sci.,Mansoura,Univ,p 180
Giblin AM,Batt BD,Swaine DJ(1981)Laboratory simulation studies of uranium mobility in natural waters.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:699
Greiling RO,El-Ramly MF,Rashawn AA,Kamal El-Din GM(1993)Towards a comprehensive structural synthesis of the(Proterozoic)Arabian Nubian Shield in e.Egypt.In:Thorweihe U,Schandelmeie H(eds)Geoscientific research in Northeast Africa.Balkema,Rotterdam,pp 15-19
Gunther J,Kleeman M,Twisted D(1989)The compositionally-zond sheet-like granite pluton of the Bushveld complex:evidance bearing on the nature of A-type magmatism.J Petrol30:1383-1414
Hansink JK(1976)Equilibrium analysis of sandstone roll front uranium deposits.In:Proceeding International in symposium on exploration of uranium deposits.IAEA,Vienna,pp 638-693
Hassan MA,Hashad AH(1990)Precambrian of Egypt.The anorogenic alkalic rocks,South Eastern Desret,Egypt.Ann Geol Surv 9:81-101
Heinrich E Wm(1958)Mineralogy and geology of radioactive raw materials.McGraw Hill Book Company Inc,New York,p 654
Hermann AG(1970)Yttrium and lanthanides.In:Wedepohl KH(ed)Handbook of geochemistry.Sprin,New York,pp 39-57
Hine RH,Williams IS,Chappell BW,White JR(1978)Geochemical contrast between I-and S-type granitoids of the Kosciusko Batholiths.J Geol Soc Assiut 25:219-234
Hsi CK,Langmuir D(1985)Adsorption of uranyl onto ferric oxyhydroxides:application of the surface complexation sitebinding model.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:1931-1941
Hussein AH(1978)Lecture Course in Nuclear Geology.Egypt,NMA,p 101
Hussein HA,Hassan MA,El Tahir MA,Abu-Deif A(1986)Uranium bearing siliceous veins in younger granites,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Report of the Working Group on Uranium Geology,vol361.IAEA,Vienna,TECDOC,pp 143-157
Ibrahim ME(1986)Geologic and radiometric studies on um ara granite pluton,South East Aswan,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Mansoura University
Ibrahim ME,Zalata AA,Assaf HS,Ibrahim IH,Rashed MA(2005)El Sella shear zone,south eastern desert,Egypt.Example of veintype uranium deposit.In:The 9th international mining,petroleum,and metallurgical engering conference,mining,pp 41-55
Imeokparia EG(1981)Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios as indicators of magmatic fractionation,post magmatic alteration and mineralization Afu Younger Granite Complex,Northern Nigeria.Geochem J 15:209-219
Irber W(1999)The lanthanide tetrad effect and its correlation with K/Rb,Eu/Eu*,Sr/Eu,Y/Ho,and Zr/Hf of evolving peraluminous granite suites.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:489-508
Irvine TN,Baragar WRA(1971)A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks.Can J Earth Sci 8:523-548
Jahn BM,Wu F,Capdevila R,Martineau F,Zhao Z,Wang Y(2001)Highly evolved juvenile granites with tetrad REE patterns:the Woduhe and Baerzhe granites from the Great Xing’an Mountains in NE China.Lithos 59:171-198
Jasinski AW(1988)Activity diagrams for the MgO-Na2O-K2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O-HCL-system in the temp.Range 298-623and 1 K bar pressure,Bergslagen,Sweeden.Geol Mijndovw67:379-395
Jiashu R,Zehong H(1982)Forms of uranium occurrence and its distribution in uraniferous granites.In:Geology of granites and their metallogenetic relations,Proc Symp Nanjing.Sciences Press,Beijing,pp 621-635
Kato T,Miura Y(1977)The crystal structures of jarosite and svanbergite.Miner J 8:419-430(Japan)
Khalaf IM(2005)Geology of the area around G.Qash Amir with special emphases on the granitic rocks,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.J Geol 49:49-64
Langmuir D(1978)Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits:geochim.Cosmochim Acta 42:547-569
Marmo V(1971)Granite petrology and the granite problem.Elsevier,New York
Masuda A,Kawakami O,Dohomoto Y,Takenaka T(1987)Lanthanide tetrad effects in nature:two mutually opposite types,W and M.Geochem J 21:119-124
Meert JG,Torsvik TH(2003)The making and unmaking of a supercontinent:rodinia revisited.Tectonophysics 375:261-288
Mehdy AI,El-Kammar AM(2003)Geochemical partitioning of isovalents and tetrad effect of REE associating episyenitization of Kab Amiri granites,Central,Eastern Desert of Egypt.In:Proceedings of the 5th international conference on the geology of the middle east,Ain Shams Univ,Cairo,Part II,pp 111-126
Meyer C,Hemley JJ(1967)Wall rock alterations,166-235.In:Barnes HG(ed)Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits.Winston Inc,New York,p 670
Middlemost EAK(1985)Magma and magmatic rocks.Longman Group Ltd.,London,p 75p
Mira HI,Ibrahim TM(2009)Mineralogical and geochemical evidence for tetravalent uranium bio mineralization within El Sela weathered granite,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Ann Geol Surv Egypt V.XXXI
Naumov GB(1959)Transportation of uranium in hydrothermal solution as carbonate.Geochemistry 1:5-20
Neiva AM,Neiva JM,Parry SJ(1987)Geochemistry of the granitic rocks and their minerals from Serra da Estrela,Central Portugal.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51(3):439-454
Nesbitt HW,Young GM(1984)Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations.Geochim Cosmochimica Acta 48:1523-1534
Nesbitt HW,Young GM(1989)Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles.J Geol 97:129-147.https://doi.org/10.1086/629290
Nockolds SR,Allen RS(1953)The geochemistry of some igneous rock series I:calc-alkali igneous trends.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 4:105-156
Pearce JA,Harris NBW,Tindle AG(1984)Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks.J Pet 25:956-983
Petro WL,Vogel TA,Wilband JT(1979)Major element chemistry of plutonic rock suites from compressional and extensional plate boundaries.Chem Geol 26:217-235
Pirajno F(1992)Hydrothermal mineral deposits.Springer,Berlin,pp 709
Rashed MA(2001)Geology,petrology and uranium potential of G.Qash Amir-G.El Sela granitic mass,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Mansoura Univ,p 120
Raslan MF,Ali MA,El Feky MG(2010a)Mineralogy and radioactivity of pegmatites from South Wadi Khuda area,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Chin J Geochem 29:343-354
Raslan MF,El-Shall HE,Omar SA,Daher AM(2010b)Mineralogy of polymetallic mineralized pegmatite of Ras Baroud granite,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt.J Mineral Pet Sci 105:123-134
Reeves RD,Brooks RR(1978)Trace element analyses of geological materials.Wiley,New York,p 421
Rogers JJW,Adams JAS(1969)Uranium and thorium.In:Wedepohl KH(ed)Hand-book of geochemistry,VII-3,92-B-1 to 92-0-8and 90-B-1 to 90-0-5.Springer,Berlin
Roser BP,Coombs DS,Korsch RJ,Campbell JD(2002)Whole-rock geochemical variations and evolution of the arc-derived Murihiku Terrane,New Zealand.Geol Mag 139:665-685
Roz ME(1994)Geology and uranium mineralization of gabal gattar area,North Eastern Desert,Egypt.M.Sc.Thesis,Al Azhar University,p 175
Sadek AA(2017)Mineralogy,radioactivity and fluid inclusion studies on Gabal El Sela granite,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Egypt J Geol 61:373-392
Shahin AA(2011)Occurrence of uraniferous iron and manganese oxides in biotite granite North East Gabal El Sela area,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Arab J Geosci 6(7):2245-2259
Shahin AA(2014)Zr-Y-Nb-REE mineralization associated with microgranite and basic dykes at El Sela shear zone,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.Springer Plus 3:573
Shand SJ(1951)Eruptive rocks,4th edn.Wiley,New York,p 360
Shaw DM(1968)A review of K-Rb fractionation trends by covariance analyses.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 32:573-601
Shimmield GB,Mowbray SR(1991)The inorganic geochemical record of the northwest Arabian Sea:a history of productivity variation over the last 400 ka from Sites 722 and 724.Proc Ocean Drill Program Sci Results 117:409-429
Stempork M(1979)Mineralization granites and their origin.Episods3:20-24
Stern RJ(1979)Late-Precambrian ensimatic volcanism in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt.Ph.D.Thesis,Univ.California,pp 210
Stern RJ(1994)Arc assembly and continental collision in the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen:implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland.Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci22:319-351
Stern RJ(2017)Neoproterozoic formation and evolution of Eastern Desert continental crust-The importance of the infrastructuresuperstructure transition.J Afr Earth Sci.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.01.001
Stern RJ,Gottfried D(1986)Petrogenesis of late Precambrian(575-600 Ma)bimodal suite in northeast Africa.Contrib Mineral Pet 92:492-501
Stern RJ,Hedge CE(1985)Geochronologic constraints on late Precambrian crustal evolution in the Eastern Desert of Egypt.Am J Sci 285:97-127
Streckeisen A(1976)To each plutonic rock its proper name.Earth Sci Rev 12:1-33
Stuckless JS,Bunker CM,Bush CA,Doering WP,Scott JH(1977)Chemical and petrological studies of uraniferous granite from Granite Mountains,Wyoming U.S Geol Surv J Res 5:61-81
Sweewald JS,Syfried JW(1990)The effect of temperature on metal mobility in subsea floor hydrothermal system.Constraints from basalt alteration experiments.Earth Planet Sci Lett 101:388-403
Taylor SR(1965)Application of trace elements data to problems in petrology.Phys Chem Earth 6:133-213
Tuttle OF,Bowen NL(1958)Origin of granites in the light of experimental studies in the system NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O.Geol Soc Am Mem 74:153
Weaver CE,Pollard CD(1973)The chemistry of clay minerals.Elsevier,New York,p 213p
Worsley TR,Nance RD,Moody JB(1986)Tectonic cycles and the history of the earth’s biogeochemical and paleoceanographic record.Paleogeography 1:233-263
Yarincik KM,Murray RW,Peterson LC(2000)Climatically sensitive eolian and hemipelagic deposition in the Cariaco Basin,Venezuela,over the past 578,000 years:results from Al/Ti and K/Al.Paleoceanography 15:210-228
Zhao ZH,Bao ZW,Lee Seung GU(2008)A composite M-with W-type of REE tetrad effect in a north China alkaline complex.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72 Supp:11095
Zhao ZH,Bao ZW,Qiao YL(2010)A peculiar composite M-and W-type REE tetrad effect:evidence from the Shuiquangou alkaline syenite complex,Hebei Province,China.Chinese Sci Bull 55:2684-2696.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3231-3
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |