柴北缘腹部深层异常高孔—渗储层成因分析
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摘要
根据钻井岩芯及铸体薄片鉴定结果,结合扫描电镜、物性统计及测、录井资料,探讨了柴北缘腹部埋深大于3 000 m的异常高孔—渗储层的形成原因及主控因素。结果表明深部异常高孔—渗储层主要分布在古近系下干柴沟组,是一套辫状河三角洲到滨—浅湖沉积,粒度较细,以粉砂岩和细砂岩为主,岩性为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩。孔隙类型以原生粒间孔为主,其次为次生溶蚀孔隙和少量裂隙,孔—喉匹配性好。深部异常高孔—渗带主要受控于沉积环境,后期成岩作用和异常高压系统也促使了优质储层的形成。古近系下干柴沟组发育的辫状河三角洲分流河道砂体和滨—浅湖砂体具有良好的成分成熟度和结构成熟度,泥质杂基含量较低,是形成优良储层的基础条件;早期碳酸盐胶结物和高含量的刚性颗粒在深埋过程中有效抵御了压实作用对孔隙的破坏;储集层上、下部发育大套厚层泥岩,在沉积成岩过程中泥岩层内流体排出受阻而滞留在孔隙空间内,孔隙流体承担了部分负荷从而削弱了正常压实作用对中间砂岩层的影响,保存了大部分原生孔隙,在柴北缘腹部深层形成了优质碎屑岩储层。
According to drilling data,core samples and casting thin-sections,and combined with data from scanning electron microscopy,X-diffraction,physical property statistics and well logging,the physical properties and main controlling factors are discussed in this paper for the anomalously high porosity zones in the deeply buried reservoirs in west part of northern edge of the Qiadam Basin,northwetern China. The reservoirs buried over 3 000 m in the study area were mainly formed in the Paleogene,and there were a suite of detrital deposits of braided river delta-shallow shore. The grain sizes are small,mainly in a range of silt-fine sand. The lithologies are mainly feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic feldspathic sandstone. The pore types are dominated by intergranular pore,followed by secondary pore,and a few cracks. The pores and throat paths are well matched. The sandstone formed in the distributary channel of braided river delta front and shore-shallow lake have less argillaceous matrix with better compositional and structural maturity,which are the fundamental conditions for the high quality reservoirs formation. The carbonate cements formed in the early digenetic stage play a supporting role among particles,which effectively resist to the compaction. The thick layers of under-compacted mudstone on and below the reservoirs are key factors for the preservation of primary pores,the discharge of fluids in the pore was hampered. So the fluids bear parts of the loads and lead to the preservation of the pores.
According to drilling data,core samples and casting thin-sections,and combined with data from scanning electron microscopy,X-diffraction,physical property statistics and well logging,the physical properties and main controlling factors are discussed in this paper for the anomalously high porosity zones in the deeply buried reservoirs in west part of northern edge of the Qiadam Basin,northwetern China. The reservoirs buried over 3 000 m in the study area were mainly formed in the Paleogene,and there were a suite of detrital deposits of braided river delta-shallow shore. The grain sizes are small,mainly in a range of silt-fine sand. The lithologies are mainly feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic feldspathic sandstone. The pore types are dominated by intergranular pore,followed by secondary pore,and a few cracks. The pores and throat paths are well matched. The sandstone formed in the distributary channel of braided river delta front and shore-shallow lake have less argillaceous matrix with better compositional and structural maturity,which are the fundamental conditions for the high quality reservoirs formation. The carbonate cements formed in the early digenetic stage play a supporting role among particles,which effectively resist to the compaction. The thick layers of under-compacted mudstone on and below the reservoirs are key factors for the preservation of primary pores,the discharge of fluids in the pore was hampered. So the fluids bear parts of the loads and lead to the preservation of the pores.
引文
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