可恢复功能防震结构研究进展
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摘要
对于可恢复功能防震理念,要求结构在保护生命的前提下,能够在震后快速恢复使用功能,尽量减少对正常生活和生产的影响。依据该理念,作为可恢复功能城市的基本组成部分,可恢复功能防震结构合理应用摇摆、自复位、可更换和耗能等四种机制,将损伤集中于可更换的耗能构件或部件,从而保护主体结构,使其无损伤或可快速修复。因此,结构功能可在震后及时恢复。利用这些机制,可恢复功能防震结构在材料、构件和体系三个层次具有不同的实现方案,包括摇摆结构、自复位结构、可更换构件/部件结构和复合自复位结构。基于可恢复功能的设计和评估方法,采用恢复时间、经济损失等更加直接的指标,为这一新型结构体系的应用奠定基础。目前,应提出更多的可恢复功能防震结构新体系,而进一步研究该类结构的关键构造和动力特性,提出切实可行的设计方法并形成统一的设计规范,应成为进一步研究的重点。
The philosophy of earthquake resilience requires that the structure should quickly restore its function after earthquakes under the premise of protecting life safety, and should minimize the impact on normal life and production. According to this philosophy, as a fundamental part of earthquake resilient city, earthquake resilient structures concentrate the damage on replaceable members or components by applying the four mechanisms of rocking, self-centering, replace ability and energy dissipation, so as to make the primary structures free of damage or quickly repaired. Therefore, their functions can be timely restored. Various implementations of earthquake resilient structures, including rocking structures, self-centering structures, structures with replaceable members or components, and self-centering dual systems, are developed at the material-, member-, and system-levels with these four mechanisms. Using more direct and understandable indexes such as the recovery time and economic loss, resilience-based design and evaluation methods will lay a foundation for the application of this new structural system. At present, more new earthquake resilient structures should be put forward. Further study on the key structural detailing and dynamic characteristics of such structures, feasible design methods and the formation of a unified design code should be the focus of the next step.
The philosophy of earthquake resilience requires that the structure should quickly restore its function after earthquakes under the premise of protecting life safety, and should minimize the impact on normal life and production. According to this philosophy, as a fundamental part of earthquake resilient city, earthquake resilient structures concentrate the damage on replaceable members or components by applying the four mechanisms of rocking, self-centering, replace ability and energy dissipation, so as to make the primary structures free of damage or quickly repaired. Therefore, their functions can be timely restored. Various implementations of earthquake resilient structures, including rocking structures, self-centering structures, structures with replaceable members or components, and self-centering dual systems, are developed at the material-, member-, and system-levels with these four mechanisms. Using more direct and understandable indexes such as the recovery time and economic loss, resilience-based design and evaluation methods will lay a foundation for the application of this new structural system. At present, more new earthquake resilient structures should be put forward. Further study on the key structural detailing and dynamic characteristics of such structures, feasible design methods and the formation of a unified design code should be the focus of the next step.
引文
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[5] MIELER M W, STOJADINOVIC B, BUDNITZ R J, et al. Toward resilient communities: a performance-based engineering framework for design and evaluation of the built environment[R]. Berkeley: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, 2013.
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[9] FEMAP-58. Seismic performance assessment of buildings volume Ⅰ: methodology: FEMA P-58-1[R]. Washington DC: the Applied Technology Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2012.
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