Extract of Emblica of?cinalis enhances the growth of human keratinocytes in culture
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摘要
Objective: Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the epidermis and play key roles in epidermal function. Thus, identification of the compounds that regulate the growth of keratinocytes is of importance. Here we searched for such compounds from the herbs used in traditional medicine Ayurveda.Methods: Human keratinocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of the herbal extracts for 2 weeks; the effect of the extracts on cell growth was determined by staining the cells with Coomassie brilliant blue. To detect the compounds that regulate the growth of keratinocytes, the herbal extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results: We found that the extract of Emblica officinalis enhanced the growth of keratinocytes in culture.Further, we fractionated the extract of E. officinalis using HPLC and identified the fractions responsible for the enhanced growth of keratinocytes.Conclusion: The extract of E. officinalis enhanced the growth of human keratinocytes in culture.E. officinalis contains the compounds that would be beneficial for human skin health because enhanced growth of keratinocytes would promote wound healing.
Objective: Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the epidermis and play key roles in epidermal function. Thus, identification of the compounds that regulate the growth of keratinocytes is of importance. Here we searched for such compounds from the herbs used in traditional medicine Ayurveda.Methods: Human keratinocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of the herbal extracts for 2 weeks; the effect of the extracts on cell growth was determined by staining the cells with Coomassie brilliant blue. To detect the compounds that regulate the growth of keratinocytes, the herbal extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results: We found that the extract of Emblica officinalis enhanced the growth of keratinocytes in culture.Further, we fractionated the extract of E. officinalis using HPLC and identified the fractions responsible for the enhanced growth of keratinocytes.Conclusion: The extract of E. officinalis enhanced the growth of human keratinocytes in culture.E. officinalis contains the compounds that would be beneficial for human skin health because enhanced growth of keratinocytes would promote wound healing.
Objective: Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the epidermis and play key roles in epidermal function. Thus, identification of the compounds that regulate the growth of keratinocytes is of importance. Here we searched for such compounds from the herbs used in traditional medicine Ayurveda.Methods: Human keratinocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of the herbal extracts for 2 weeks; the effect of the extracts on cell growth was determined by staining the cells with Coomassie brilliant blue. To detect the compounds that regulate the growth of keratinocytes, the herbal extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results: We found that the extract of Emblica officinalis enhanced the growth of keratinocytes in culture.Further, we fractionated the extract of E. officinalis using HPLC and identified the fractions responsible for the enhanced growth of keratinocytes.Conclusion: The extract of E. officinalis enhanced the growth of human keratinocytes in culture.E. officinalis contains the compounds that would be beneficial for human skin health because enhanced growth of keratinocytes would promote wound healing.
引文
[1] Pastar I, Stojadinovic O, Tomic-Canic M. Role of keratinocytes in healing of chronic wounds. Surg Technol Int 2008;17:105–12.
[2] Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Emblica of?cinalis(Amla):a review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016;111:180–200.
[3] Ghosal S, Tripathi VK, Chauhan S. Active constituents of Emblica of?cinalis:part1—the chemistry and antioxidative effects of two new hydrolysable tannins,Emblicanin A and B. Indian J Chem 1996;35:941–8.
[4] Scartezzini P, Antognoni F, Raggi MA, Poli F, Sabbioni C. Vitamin C content and antioxidant activity of the fruit and of the Ayurvedic preparation of Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;104(1–2):113–8.
[5] Majeed M, Bhat B, Jadhav AN, Srivastava JS, Nagabhushanam K. Ascorbic acid and tannins from Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn. Fruits—a revisit. J Agric Food Chem2009;57(1):220–5.
[6] Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;81(1):81–100.
[7] Kim HJ, Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Tohda C, Rao TP, Juneja LR. In?uence of amla(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)on hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo)2005;51(6):413–8.
[8] Ngamkitidechakul C, Jaijoy K, Hansakul P, Soonthornchareonnon N,Sireeratawong S. Antitumour effects of Phyllanthus emblica L.:induction of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of in vivo tumour promotion and in vitro invasion of human cancer cells. Phytother Res 2010;24(9):1405–13.
[9] Jose JK, Kuttan G, George J, Kuttan R. Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn. J Clin Biochem Nutr 1997;22(3):171–6.
[10] Jeena KJ, Joy KL, Kuttan R. Effect of Emblica of?cinalis, Phyllanthus amarus and Picrorrhiza kurroa on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis.Cancer Lett 1999;136(1):11–6.
[11] D’Souza JJ, D’Souza PP, Shivashankara AR, Mathai RT, Jimmy R, Palatty PL, et al.Cardioprotective effects of Indian Gooseberry(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn)and its phytochemicals:a review. Curr Nutr Food Sci 2014;10:141–9.
[12] Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Tanaka T, Sugino H, Okubo T, et al. Amla(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)attenuates age-related renal dysfunction by oxidative stress.J Agric Food Chem 2007;55(19):7744–52.
[13] Justin Thenmozhi A, Dhivyabharathi M, William Raja TR, Manivasagam T, Essa MM. Tannoid principles of Emblica of?cinalis renovate cognitive de?cits and attenuate amyloid pathologies against aluminum chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nutr Neurosci 2016;19(6):269–78.
[14] Asmawi MZ, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E, Vapaatalo H. Anti-in?ammatory activities of Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn leaf extracts. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993;45(6):581–4.
[15] Kumar A, Tantry BA, Rahiman S, Gupta U. Comparative study of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the fruit of Emblica of?cinalis against pathogenic bacteria. J Tradit Chin Med2011;31(3):246–50.
[16] Sumitra M, Manikandan P, Gayathri VS, Mahendran P, Suguna L. Emblica of?cinalis exerts wound healing action through up-regulation of collagen and extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK1/2). Wound Repair Regen 2009;17(1):99–107.
[17] Majeed M, Bhat B, Anand S, Sivakumar A, Paliwal P, Geetha KG. Inhibition of UV-induced ROS and collagen damage by Phyllanthus emblica extract in normal human dermal?broblasts. J Cosmet Sci 2011;62(1):49–56.
[18] Takauji Y, Morino K, Miki K, Hossain M, Ayusawa D, Fujii M. Chyawanprash, a formulation of traditional Ayurvedic medicine, shows a protective effect on skin photoaging in hairless mice. J Integr Med 2016;14(6):473–9.
[19] Takauji Y, Miki K, Mita J, Hossain MN, Yamauchi M, Kioi M, et al. Triphala, a formulation of traditional Ayurvedic medicine, shows protective effect against X-radiation in HeLa cells. J Biosci 2016;41(4):569–75.
[20] Jain SK, Khurdiya DS. Vitamin C enrichment of fruit juice based ready-to-serve beverages through blending of Indian Gooseberry(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)juice. Plant Food Human Nutr 2004;59(2):63–6.
[21] Raghu V, Platel K, Srinivasan K. Comparison of ascorbic acid content of Emblica of?cinalis fruits determined by different analytical methods. J Food Compost Anal 2007;20(6):529–33.
[22] Parle M, Bansal N. Traditional medicinal formulation, Chyawanprash—a review. Indian J Trad Knowl 2006;5(4):484–8.
[23] Baliga MS, Meera S, Mathai B, Rai MP, Pawar V, Palatty PL. Scienti?c validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala:a review.Chin J Integr Med 2012;18(12):946–54.
[24] Fisher GJ, Kang S, Varani J, Bata-Csorgo Z, Wan Y, Datta S, et al. Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Arch Dermatol 2002;138(11):1462–70.
[25] Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V, Luanpitpong S, Chanvorachote B,Wannachaiyasit S, Nimmannit U. Type I pro-collagen promoting and anticollagenase activities of Phyllanthus emblica extract in mouse?broblasts. J Cosmet Sci 2009;60(4):395–403.
[26] Fujii T, Wakaizumi M, Ikami T, Saito M. Amla(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)extract promotes procollagen production and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human skin?broblasts. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;119(1):53–7.
[2] Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Emblica of?cinalis(Amla):a review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016;111:180–200.
[3] Ghosal S, Tripathi VK, Chauhan S. Active constituents of Emblica of?cinalis:part1—the chemistry and antioxidative effects of two new hydrolysable tannins,Emblicanin A and B. Indian J Chem 1996;35:941–8.
[4] Scartezzini P, Antognoni F, Raggi MA, Poli F, Sabbioni C. Vitamin C content and antioxidant activity of the fruit and of the Ayurvedic preparation of Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;104(1–2):113–8.
[5] Majeed M, Bhat B, Jadhav AN, Srivastava JS, Nagabhushanam K. Ascorbic acid and tannins from Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn. Fruits—a revisit. J Agric Food Chem2009;57(1):220–5.
[6] Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;81(1):81–100.
[7] Kim HJ, Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Tohda C, Rao TP, Juneja LR. In?uence of amla(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)on hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo)2005;51(6):413–8.
[8] Ngamkitidechakul C, Jaijoy K, Hansakul P, Soonthornchareonnon N,Sireeratawong S. Antitumour effects of Phyllanthus emblica L.:induction of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of in vivo tumour promotion and in vitro invasion of human cancer cells. Phytother Res 2010;24(9):1405–13.
[9] Jose JK, Kuttan G, George J, Kuttan R. Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn. J Clin Biochem Nutr 1997;22(3):171–6.
[10] Jeena KJ, Joy KL, Kuttan R. Effect of Emblica of?cinalis, Phyllanthus amarus and Picrorrhiza kurroa on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis.Cancer Lett 1999;136(1):11–6.
[11] D’Souza JJ, D’Souza PP, Shivashankara AR, Mathai RT, Jimmy R, Palatty PL, et al.Cardioprotective effects of Indian Gooseberry(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn)and its phytochemicals:a review. Curr Nutr Food Sci 2014;10:141–9.
[12] Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Tanaka T, Sugino H, Okubo T, et al. Amla(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)attenuates age-related renal dysfunction by oxidative stress.J Agric Food Chem 2007;55(19):7744–52.
[13] Justin Thenmozhi A, Dhivyabharathi M, William Raja TR, Manivasagam T, Essa MM. Tannoid principles of Emblica of?cinalis renovate cognitive de?cits and attenuate amyloid pathologies against aluminum chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nutr Neurosci 2016;19(6):269–78.
[14] Asmawi MZ, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E, Vapaatalo H. Anti-in?ammatory activities of Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn leaf extracts. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993;45(6):581–4.
[15] Kumar A, Tantry BA, Rahiman S, Gupta U. Comparative study of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the fruit of Emblica of?cinalis against pathogenic bacteria. J Tradit Chin Med2011;31(3):246–50.
[16] Sumitra M, Manikandan P, Gayathri VS, Mahendran P, Suguna L. Emblica of?cinalis exerts wound healing action through up-regulation of collagen and extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK1/2). Wound Repair Regen 2009;17(1):99–107.
[17] Majeed M, Bhat B, Anand S, Sivakumar A, Paliwal P, Geetha KG. Inhibition of UV-induced ROS and collagen damage by Phyllanthus emblica extract in normal human dermal?broblasts. J Cosmet Sci 2011;62(1):49–56.
[18] Takauji Y, Morino K, Miki K, Hossain M, Ayusawa D, Fujii M. Chyawanprash, a formulation of traditional Ayurvedic medicine, shows a protective effect on skin photoaging in hairless mice. J Integr Med 2016;14(6):473–9.
[19] Takauji Y, Miki K, Mita J, Hossain MN, Yamauchi M, Kioi M, et al. Triphala, a formulation of traditional Ayurvedic medicine, shows protective effect against X-radiation in HeLa cells. J Biosci 2016;41(4):569–75.
[20] Jain SK, Khurdiya DS. Vitamin C enrichment of fruit juice based ready-to-serve beverages through blending of Indian Gooseberry(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)juice. Plant Food Human Nutr 2004;59(2):63–6.
[21] Raghu V, Platel K, Srinivasan K. Comparison of ascorbic acid content of Emblica of?cinalis fruits determined by different analytical methods. J Food Compost Anal 2007;20(6):529–33.
[22] Parle M, Bansal N. Traditional medicinal formulation, Chyawanprash—a review. Indian J Trad Knowl 2006;5(4):484–8.
[23] Baliga MS, Meera S, Mathai B, Rai MP, Pawar V, Palatty PL. Scienti?c validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala:a review.Chin J Integr Med 2012;18(12):946–54.
[24] Fisher GJ, Kang S, Varani J, Bata-Csorgo Z, Wan Y, Datta S, et al. Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Arch Dermatol 2002;138(11):1462–70.
[25] Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V, Luanpitpong S, Chanvorachote B,Wannachaiyasit S, Nimmannit U. Type I pro-collagen promoting and anticollagenase activities of Phyllanthus emblica extract in mouse?broblasts. J Cosmet Sci 2009;60(4):395–403.
[26] Fujii T, Wakaizumi M, Ikami T, Saito M. Amla(Emblica of?cinalis Gaertn.)extract promotes procollagen production and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human skin?broblasts. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;119(1):53–7.