SnO_2/CNT纳米复合材料作为染料敏化太阳能电池的非铂对电极
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摘要
通过水热法成功制备复合材料SnO_2/CNT,将其首次用作染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的对电极,加速I3-到I-的还原。通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析,证明SnO_2纳米颗粒附着在CNT表面,形成了均匀的多孔网络结构。循环伏安测试(CV)测试表明,SnO_2/CNT复合对电极的活性表面积最大,比SnO_2、CNT和Pt电极有更高的阴极电流密度。同时,SnO_2/CNT对电极对I3-还原有较小的电荷传输电阻(6.13Ω·cm2)。最后,由SnO_2/CNT对电极组装的DSSC的能量转换效率(4.44%)与Pt电极组装的DSSC的效率(5.27%)相当。
In this paper,a composite of tin oxide and carbon nanotubes was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method,which was used for the first time as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC)to accelerate the reduction of I3-to I-.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis confirmed that SnO_2 nanoparticles were attached to the surface of CNTs to form a uniform porous network structure.Cyclic voltammetry(C-V)tests showed that the SnO_2/CNT composite counter electrode had the highest active surface area,which had a higher cathode current density than the SnO_2,CNT and Pt electrodes.At the same time,the SnO_2/CNT counter electrode had a smaller charge transfer resistance(6.13 Ω·cm2)for I3-reduction.Finally,the energy conversion efficiency(4.44%)of the DSSC assembled by the SnO_2/CNT counter electrode was comparable to the efficiency of the DSSC assembled by the Pt electrode(5.27%).
In this paper,a composite of tin oxide and carbon nanotubes was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method,which was used for the first time as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC)to accelerate the reduction of I3-to I-.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis confirmed that SnO_2 nanoparticles were attached to the surface of CNTs to form a uniform porous network structure.Cyclic voltammetry(C-V)tests showed that the SnO_2/CNT composite counter electrode had the highest active surface area,which had a higher cathode current density than the SnO_2,CNT and Pt electrodes.At the same time,the SnO_2/CNT counter electrode had a smaller charge transfer resistance(6.13 Ω·cm2)for I3-reduction.Finally,the energy conversion efficiency(4.44%)of the DSSC assembled by the SnO_2/CNT counter electrode was comparable to the efficiency of the DSSC assembled by the Pt electrode(5.27%).
引文
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[4]LiLi,Zhang Kuiyou,Chan Renjie,et al.R&D of dye-sensitized solar cell and TiO2thin film materials[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2011,39(11):1765-1769(in Chinese).李丽,张贵友,陈人杰,等.染料敏化太阳能电池及TiO2薄膜材料研究进展[J].功能材料,2011,39(11):1765-1769.
[5]Kim S S,Nah Y C,Noh Y Y,et al.Electrodeposited Pt for cost-efficient and flexible dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Electrochimica Act,2006,51(18):3814-3819.
[6]Fang X,Ma T,Guan G,et al.Performances characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells based on counter electrodes with Pt films of different thickness[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,2004,164(1-3):179-182.
[7]Hsieh C T,Yang B H,Lin J Y.One-and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Carbon,2011,49(9):3092-3097.
[8]Lee W J,Ramasamy E,Lee D Y,et al.Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with catalytic multiwall carbon nanotube counter electrodes[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2009,1(6):1145-1149.
[9]Ramasamy E,Lee W J,Lee D Y,et al.Nanocarbon counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells[J].Applied Physics Letters,2007,90(17):173103.
[10]Imoto K,Takahashi K,Yamaguchi T,et al.High-performance carbon counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2003,79(4):459-469.
[11]Lee W J,Ramasamy E,Lee D Y,et al.Performance variation of carbon counter electrode based dye-sensitized solar cell[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2008,92(7):814-818.
[12]Joshi P,Xie Y,Ropp M,et al.Dye-sensitized solar cells based on low cost nanoscale carbon/TiO2composite counter electrode[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2009,2(4):426-429.
[13]Kumar E N,Jose R,Archana P S,et al.High performance dye-sensitized solar cells with record open circuit voltage using tin oxide nanoflowers developed by electrospinning[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2012,5(1):5401-5407.
[14]Du F,Yang B,Zuo X,et al.Dye-sensitized solar cells based on low-cost nanoscale SnO2@RGO composite counter electrode[J].Materials Letters,2015,158:424-427.
[15]Sun W,Sun X,Peng T,et al.A low cost mesoporous carbon/SnO2/TiO2nanocomposite counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Journal of Power Sources,2012,201:402-407.
[16]Wu C H,Huang K S,Chern J M.Decomposition of acid dye by TiO2thin films prepared by the sol-gel method[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2006,45(6):2040-2045.
[17]Liu C J,Tai S Y,Chou S W,et al.Facile synthesis of MoS2/graphene nanocomposite with high catalytic activity toward triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(39):21057-21064.
[18]Zheng M,Huo J,Tu Y,et al.Flowerlike molybdenum sulfide/multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrid as Pt-free counter electrode used in dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015,173:252-259.
[19]Hoshikawa T,Yamada M,Kikuchi R,et al.Impedance analysis of internal resistance affecting the photoelectrochemical performance of dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2005,152(2):E68-E73.
[20]Zheng D,Ye M,Wen X,et al.Electrochemical methods for the characterization and interfacial study of dye-sensitized solar cell[J].Science Bulletin,2015,60(9):850-863.