Characterization and analysis of petrochemical wastewater through particle size distribution, biodegradability, and chemical composition
|
摘要
The centralized treatment method is a widely used form of wastewater treatment that tends to be less effective at removing toxic substances. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the composition of wastewater can provide important information for the design of an effective wastewater treatment process. The objective of this paper was to investigate particle size distribution(PSD), biodegradability, and the chemical composition of the petrochemical wastewater discharges. For this purpose, this project selected the petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhongjie Petrochemical Co, Ltd. as the analysis objects.The step-by-step filtration method, along with a molecular weight classification method, was selected to build the chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) fingerprints of petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater. The results showed that the main pollutants were settleable particles in petrochemical wastewater, which contributed to over 54.85% of the total COD. The colloidal particles with particle sizes in the range of 450–1000 nm had the highest COD value in the treated wastewater, which contributed34.17% of the total COD of treated wastewater. The results of the BOD analysis showed that the soluble fractions were the main reason that treated wastewaters did not meet the treatment standards. Tests on the organic compounds in petrochemical wastewater found that there were mainly linear paraffins, branched paraffins, benzene series compounds, and some plasticizers in the influent of the petrochemical wastewater. The most abundant pollutants in treated petrochemical wastewater were the adjacent diisobutyl phthalate and the linear alkanes.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) transmission spectroscopy analysis showed that the settleable particles of petrochemical wastewater and membrane bioreactor(MBR)-treated wastewater contained multiple types of organic substances. The results also indicated that removing the oil-settleable substances, the colloidal particles(450–1000 nm), and the soluble organics will be necessary for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater.
The centralized treatment method is a widely used form of wastewater treatment that tends to be less effective at removing toxic substances. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the composition of wastewater can provide important information for the design of an effective wastewater treatment process. The objective of this paper was to investigate particle size distribution(PSD), biodegradability, and the chemical composition of the petrochemical wastewater discharges. For this purpose, this project selected the petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhongjie Petrochemical Co, Ltd. as the analysis objects.The step-by-step filtration method, along with a molecular weight classification method, was selected to build the chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) fingerprints of petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater. The results showed that the main pollutants were settleable particles in petrochemical wastewater, which contributed to over 54.85% of the total COD. The colloidal particles with particle sizes in the range of 450–1000 nm had the highest COD value in the treated wastewater, which contributed34.17% of the total COD of treated wastewater. The results of the BOD analysis showed that the soluble fractions were the main reason that treated wastewaters did not meet the treatment standards. Tests on the organic compounds in petrochemical wastewater found that there were mainly linear paraffins, branched paraffins, benzene series compounds, and some plasticizers in the influent of the petrochemical wastewater. The most abundant pollutants in treated petrochemical wastewater were the adjacent diisobutyl phthalate and the linear alkanes.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) transmission spectroscopy analysis showed that the settleable particles of petrochemical wastewater and membrane bioreactor(MBR)-treated wastewater contained multiple types of organic substances. The results also indicated that removing the oil-settleable substances, the colloidal particles(450–1000 nm), and the soluble organics will be necessary for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater.
The centralized treatment method is a widely used form of wastewater treatment that tends to be less effective at removing toxic substances. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the composition of wastewater can provide important information for the design of an effective wastewater treatment process. The objective of this paper was to investigate particle size distribution(PSD), biodegradability, and the chemical composition of the petrochemical wastewater discharges. For this purpose, this project selected the petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhongjie Petrochemical Co, Ltd. as the analysis objects.The step-by-step filtration method, along with a molecular weight classification method, was selected to build the chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) fingerprints of petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater. The results showed that the main pollutants were settleable particles in petrochemical wastewater, which contributed to over 54.85% of the total COD. The colloidal particles with particle sizes in the range of 450–1000 nm had the highest COD value in the treated wastewater, which contributed34.17% of the total COD of treated wastewater. The results of the BOD analysis showed that the soluble fractions were the main reason that treated wastewaters did not meet the treatment standards. Tests on the organic compounds in petrochemical wastewater found that there were mainly linear paraffins, branched paraffins, benzene series compounds, and some plasticizers in the influent of the petrochemical wastewater. The most abundant pollutants in treated petrochemical wastewater were the adjacent diisobutyl phthalate and the linear alkanes.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) transmission spectroscopy analysis showed that the settleable particles of petrochemical wastewater and membrane bioreactor(MBR)-treated wastewater contained multiple types of organic substances. The results also indicated that removing the oil-settleable substances, the colloidal particles(450–1000 nm), and the soluble organics will be necessary for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater.
引文
[1]T.I.R.Utvik,Chemical characterisation of produced water from four offshore oil production platforms in the North Sea,Chemosphere 39(1999)2593-2606.
[2]O.Karahan,S.Dogruel,E.Dulekgurgen,D.Orhon,COD fractionation of tannery wastewaters-Particle size distribution,biodegradability and modeling,Water Res.42(2008)1083-1092.
[3]H.Heukelekian,J.L.Balmat,Chemical composition of the particulate fractions of domestic sewage,Sew.Ind.Wastes 31(1959)413-423.
[4]C.Sophonsiri,E.Morgenroth,Chemical composition associated with different particle size fractions in municipal,industrial,and agricultural wastewaters,Chemosphere 55(2004)691-703.
[5]S.Do,X.E.Ruel,E.Dulekgurgen,D.Orhon,Effect of ozonation on chemical oxygen demand fractionation and color profile of textile wastewaters,J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.81(2006)426-432.
[6]E.Dulekgurgen,S.Do?ruel,?.Karahan,et al.,Size distribution of wastewater CODfractions as an index for biodegradability,Water Res.40(2006)273-282.
[7]R.Dimock,E.Morgenroth,The influence of particle size on microbial hydrolysis of protein particles in activated sludge,Water Res.40(2006)2064-2074.
[8]A.Chavez,B.Jimenez,C.Maya,Particle size distribution as a useful tool for microbial detection,Water Sci.Technol.50(2004)179-186.
[9]R.Marquet,N.Muhammad,K.Vairavamoorthy,et al.,Particle size distribution to assess the performance of trickling filters,Process.Saf.Environ.85(2007)99-103.
[10]A.Chavez,C.Maya,B.Jimenez,Particle size distribution to design and operate an APT process for agricultural wastewater reuse,Water Sci.Technol.53(2006)43-49.
[11]A.D.Levine,G.Tchobanoglous,T.Asano,Size distributions of particulate contaminants in wastewater and their impact on treatability,Water Res.25(1991)911-922.
[12]E.Dulekgurgen,S.Do?ruel,D.Orhon,Effect of chemical and biological treatment on COD fingerprints of textile wastewaters,Water Sci.Technol.55(2007)277-287.
[13]J.J.García-Mesa,J.M.Poyatos,F.Delgado-Ramos,M.M.Mu?io,F.Osorio,E.Hontoria,Water quality characterization in real biofilm wastewater treatment systems by particle size distribution,Bioresour.Technol.101(2010)8038-8045.
[14]P.Rossé,J.L.Loizeau,Use of single particle counters for the determination of the number and size distribution of colloids in natural surface waters,Colloids Surf.APhysicochem.Eng.Asp.217(2003)109-120.
[15]C.Walther,S.Büchner,M.Filella,V.Chanudet,Probing particle size distributions in natural surface waters from 15 nm to 2 microm by a combination of LIBD and single-particle counting,J.Colloid Interface Sci.301(2006)532-537.
[16]A.Guellil,F.Thomas,J.C.Block,J.L.Bersillon,P.Ginestet,Transfer of organic matter between wastewater and activated sludge flocs,Water Res.35(2001)143.
[17]Q.Wang,G.Yan,B.Cai,C.Chen,S.Guo,Characterization of dry-spun acrylic fiber wastewater by particle size distribution,biodegradability,and chemical composition,CLEAN Soil Air Water 42(2015)1393-1401.
[18]P.D.Kalabokas,J.Hatzianestis,J.G.Bartzis,P.Papagiannakopoulos,Atmospheric concentrations of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons around a Greek oil refinery,Atmos.Environ.35(2001)2545-2555.
[19]M.R.Ras,R.M.Marcé,F.Borrull,Volatile organic compounds in air at urban and industrial areas in the Tarragona region by thermal desorption and gas chromatographymass spectrometry,Environ.Monit.Assess.161(2010)389-402.
[20]I.S.Chang,H.Moon,J.K.Jang,B.H.Kim,Improvement of a microbial fuel cell performance as a BOD sensor using respiratory inhibitors,Biosens.Bioelectron.20(2005)1856-1859.
[21]T.Wang,T.D.Waite,C.Kurucz,W.J.Cooper,Oxidant reduction and biodegradability improvement of paper mill effluent by irradiation,Water Res.28(1994)237-241.
[22]C.T.Wang,W.L.Chou,Y.M.Kuo,Removal of COD from laundry wastewater by electrocoagulation/electroflotation,J.Hazard.Mater.164(2009)81-86.
[23]L.Appels,J.Degreve,d.B.Van,B.J.Van Impe,R.Dewil,Influence of low temperature thermal pre-treatment on sludge solubilisation,heavy metal release and anaerobic digestion,Bioresour.Technol.101(2010)5743-5748.
[24]Y.J.S.Lai,P.Parameswaran,A.Li,A.Aguinaga,B.E.Rittmann,Selective fermentation of carbohydrate and protein fractions of Scenedesmus,and biohydrogenation of its lipid fraction for enhanced recovery of saturated fatty acids,Biotechnol.Bioeng.113(2016)320-329.
[25]F.Malpei,A.Rozzi,S.Colli,M.Uberti,Size distribution of TOC in mixed municipaltextile effluents after biological and advanced treatment,J.Membr.Sci.131(1997)71-83.
[26]M.Campagna,M.Cakmakc?,F.B.Yaman,B.Ozkaya,Molecular weight distribution of a full-scale landfill leachate treatment by membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration membrane,Waste Manag.33(2013)866-870.
[27]T.Leivisk?,H.Nurmesniemi,R.P?yki?,J.R?m?,T.Kuokkanen,J.Pellinen,Effect of biological wastewater treatment on the molecular weight distribution of soluble organic compounds and on the reduction of BOD,COD and P in pulp and paper mill effluent,Water Res.42(2008)3952-3960.
[28]S.Do?ruel,E.U.?okg?r,O.Ince,S.S?zen,D.Orhon,Potential of ultrafiltration for organic matter removal in the polymer industry effluent based on particle size distribution analysis,Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.Int.20(2013)340-350.
[29]D.J.Barker,G.A.Mannucchi,S.M.L.Salvi,D.C.Stuckey,Characterisation of soluble residual chemical oxygen demand(COD)in anaerobic wastewater treatment effluents,Water Res.33(1999)2499-2510.
[30]D.J.Barker,D.C.Stuckey,A review of soluble microbial products(SMP)in wastewater treatment systems,Water Res.33(1999)3063-3082.
[2]O.Karahan,S.Dogruel,E.Dulekgurgen,D.Orhon,COD fractionation of tannery wastewaters-Particle size distribution,biodegradability and modeling,Water Res.42(2008)1083-1092.
[3]H.Heukelekian,J.L.Balmat,Chemical composition of the particulate fractions of domestic sewage,Sew.Ind.Wastes 31(1959)413-423.
[4]C.Sophonsiri,E.Morgenroth,Chemical composition associated with different particle size fractions in municipal,industrial,and agricultural wastewaters,Chemosphere 55(2004)691-703.
[5]S.Do,X.E.Ruel,E.Dulekgurgen,D.Orhon,Effect of ozonation on chemical oxygen demand fractionation and color profile of textile wastewaters,J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.81(2006)426-432.
[6]E.Dulekgurgen,S.Do?ruel,?.Karahan,et al.,Size distribution of wastewater CODfractions as an index for biodegradability,Water Res.40(2006)273-282.
[7]R.Dimock,E.Morgenroth,The influence of particle size on microbial hydrolysis of protein particles in activated sludge,Water Res.40(2006)2064-2074.
[8]A.Chavez,B.Jimenez,C.Maya,Particle size distribution as a useful tool for microbial detection,Water Sci.Technol.50(2004)179-186.
[9]R.Marquet,N.Muhammad,K.Vairavamoorthy,et al.,Particle size distribution to assess the performance of trickling filters,Process.Saf.Environ.85(2007)99-103.
[10]A.Chavez,C.Maya,B.Jimenez,Particle size distribution to design and operate an APT process for agricultural wastewater reuse,Water Sci.Technol.53(2006)43-49.
[11]A.D.Levine,G.Tchobanoglous,T.Asano,Size distributions of particulate contaminants in wastewater and their impact on treatability,Water Res.25(1991)911-922.
[12]E.Dulekgurgen,S.Do?ruel,D.Orhon,Effect of chemical and biological treatment on COD fingerprints of textile wastewaters,Water Sci.Technol.55(2007)277-287.
[13]J.J.García-Mesa,J.M.Poyatos,F.Delgado-Ramos,M.M.Mu?io,F.Osorio,E.Hontoria,Water quality characterization in real biofilm wastewater treatment systems by particle size distribution,Bioresour.Technol.101(2010)8038-8045.
[14]P.Rossé,J.L.Loizeau,Use of single particle counters for the determination of the number and size distribution of colloids in natural surface waters,Colloids Surf.APhysicochem.Eng.Asp.217(2003)109-120.
[15]C.Walther,S.Büchner,M.Filella,V.Chanudet,Probing particle size distributions in natural surface waters from 15 nm to 2 microm by a combination of LIBD and single-particle counting,J.Colloid Interface Sci.301(2006)532-537.
[16]A.Guellil,F.Thomas,J.C.Block,J.L.Bersillon,P.Ginestet,Transfer of organic matter between wastewater and activated sludge flocs,Water Res.35(2001)143.
[17]Q.Wang,G.Yan,B.Cai,C.Chen,S.Guo,Characterization of dry-spun acrylic fiber wastewater by particle size distribution,biodegradability,and chemical composition,CLEAN Soil Air Water 42(2015)1393-1401.
[18]P.D.Kalabokas,J.Hatzianestis,J.G.Bartzis,P.Papagiannakopoulos,Atmospheric concentrations of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons around a Greek oil refinery,Atmos.Environ.35(2001)2545-2555.
[19]M.R.Ras,R.M.Marcé,F.Borrull,Volatile organic compounds in air at urban and industrial areas in the Tarragona region by thermal desorption and gas chromatographymass spectrometry,Environ.Monit.Assess.161(2010)389-402.
[20]I.S.Chang,H.Moon,J.K.Jang,B.H.Kim,Improvement of a microbial fuel cell performance as a BOD sensor using respiratory inhibitors,Biosens.Bioelectron.20(2005)1856-1859.
[21]T.Wang,T.D.Waite,C.Kurucz,W.J.Cooper,Oxidant reduction and biodegradability improvement of paper mill effluent by irradiation,Water Res.28(1994)237-241.
[22]C.T.Wang,W.L.Chou,Y.M.Kuo,Removal of COD from laundry wastewater by electrocoagulation/electroflotation,J.Hazard.Mater.164(2009)81-86.
[23]L.Appels,J.Degreve,d.B.Van,B.J.Van Impe,R.Dewil,Influence of low temperature thermal pre-treatment on sludge solubilisation,heavy metal release and anaerobic digestion,Bioresour.Technol.101(2010)5743-5748.
[24]Y.J.S.Lai,P.Parameswaran,A.Li,A.Aguinaga,B.E.Rittmann,Selective fermentation of carbohydrate and protein fractions of Scenedesmus,and biohydrogenation of its lipid fraction for enhanced recovery of saturated fatty acids,Biotechnol.Bioeng.113(2016)320-329.
[25]F.Malpei,A.Rozzi,S.Colli,M.Uberti,Size distribution of TOC in mixed municipaltextile effluents after biological and advanced treatment,J.Membr.Sci.131(1997)71-83.
[26]M.Campagna,M.Cakmakc?,F.B.Yaman,B.Ozkaya,Molecular weight distribution of a full-scale landfill leachate treatment by membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration membrane,Waste Manag.33(2013)866-870.
[27]T.Leivisk?,H.Nurmesniemi,R.P?yki?,J.R?m?,T.Kuokkanen,J.Pellinen,Effect of biological wastewater treatment on the molecular weight distribution of soluble organic compounds and on the reduction of BOD,COD and P in pulp and paper mill effluent,Water Res.42(2008)3952-3960.
[28]S.Do?ruel,E.U.?okg?r,O.Ince,S.S?zen,D.Orhon,Potential of ultrafiltration for organic matter removal in the polymer industry effluent based on particle size distribution analysis,Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.Int.20(2013)340-350.
[29]D.J.Barker,G.A.Mannucchi,S.M.L.Salvi,D.C.Stuckey,Characterisation of soluble residual chemical oxygen demand(COD)in anaerobic wastewater treatment effluents,Water Res.33(1999)2499-2510.
[30]D.J.Barker,D.C.Stuckey,A review of soluble microbial products(SMP)in wastewater treatment systems,Water Res.33(1999)3063-3082.