煤岩流体电动力学研究进展
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摘要
煤岩流体电动作用在地下资源开采中的工程应用逐渐增多,如强化油气采收、井巷软岩加固和矿山导流增注等。但是工程设计与参数选取的盲目性折射出该方面理论的滞后。从介质运移特性、宏观物性和结构变化3个方面综述煤岩流体电动作用的研究进展,指出新形势下存在的主要问题:介质传输过程不清晰、多场耦合规律未开展、宏观物性的微结构响应机制不明确、表面吸附流体的界面调控理念未形成,阐明煤岩流体电动作用的理论基础——双电层理论。在此基础上,提出煤岩流体电动力学的概念,即煤岩气液离子等多相介质在电场作用下的运动规律及其与外界的相互作用,构建以双电层理论为核心、以"电渗、电泳与电迁移"等电动特性为内含、以外界物化场为环境的理论框架,凝练煤岩流体电动力学理论的5个主要研究方向,阐述4个关键技术。该理论适用于比表面积较大的煤岩多孔介质,如煤、页岩、泥岩等,为地下尤其是深部资源开采中涉及固液气运移的问题解决(如煤层注水困难、煤粉堵塞伤害、瓦斯解吸缓慢、膨胀软岩支护困难、胶体充填排水缓慢、煤矸石重金属污染等)提供了一种新的行之有效的方法和科学指导,也为深部地电场作用下煤岩流体动力灾害的发生机制揭示提供了新的思路。
The electrokinetic effect(EKE) of rock and fluid is applied more and more in exploitation of underground resources such as enhancing oil and gas recovery,reinforcing soft rock in roadway and strengthening fluid flow in mine,et al. However,the blindness of engineering design and parameter selection reflects the lag of the theory. The researches of EKE were systematically summarized from three aspects,namely,the transport characteristics of the media,physical property and structural changes. Four main problems were pointed out including unclear transport process of multi-phase media,few researches of multi-field coupling,indistinct microscopic response mechanism of physical properties and unformed interface control concept of adsorption fluid,and the theoretical basis of double electric layers was clarified. On this basis,the concept of electrokinetic dynamics(EKD) of coal rock and fluid was proposed,which reveals the move rule of gas and liquid ions and the interactions with the external environment. The theory frame,taking double electric layers theory as the core,focusing on the electrokinetic effects such as electroosmosis,electrophoresis and electromigration and considering the outside physical and chemical field,was built. Five main research directions and four key techniques of EKD theory were summarized. The theory is suitable for the rocks with a larger specific surface area such as coal,mudstone and shale,and provides an effective method for many problems existing in exploitation of deep resources including difficult flooding in coal seam,blockage injury of coal power,slow desorption rate of methane,difficult support of soft swelling rock,slow dewatering of colloid filling and serious pollution of heavy metal in coal gangue,etc. The research also provides a new idea for revealing the mechanisms of fluid dynamic disasters of rock under the action of deep geoelectric field.
The electrokinetic effect(EKE) of rock and fluid is applied more and more in exploitation of underground resources such as enhancing oil and gas recovery,reinforcing soft rock in roadway and strengthening fluid flow in mine,et al. However,the blindness of engineering design and parameter selection reflects the lag of the theory. The researches of EKE were systematically summarized from three aspects,namely,the transport characteristics of the media,physical property and structural changes. Four main problems were pointed out including unclear transport process of multi-phase media,few researches of multi-field coupling,indistinct microscopic response mechanism of physical properties and unformed interface control concept of adsorption fluid,and the theoretical basis of double electric layers was clarified. On this basis,the concept of electrokinetic dynamics(EKD) of coal rock and fluid was proposed,which reveals the move rule of gas and liquid ions and the interactions with the external environment. The theory frame,taking double electric layers theory as the core,focusing on the electrokinetic effects such as electroosmosis,electrophoresis and electromigration and considering the outside physical and chemical field,was built. Five main research directions and four key techniques of EKD theory were summarized. The theory is suitable for the rocks with a larger specific surface area such as coal,mudstone and shale,and provides an effective method for many problems existing in exploitation of deep resources including difficult flooding in coal seam,blockage injury of coal power,slow desorption rate of methane,difficult support of soft swelling rock,slow dewatering of colloid filling and serious pollution of heavy metal in coal gangue,etc. The research also provides a new idea for revealing the mechanisms of fluid dynamic disasters of rock under the action of deep geoelectric field.
引文
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