大型铝合金压铸模的性能均匀性与开裂机理
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摘要
通过微观组织观察与力学性能检测,分别对热疲劳龟裂与早期整体开裂失效的大型铝压铸模进行了分析。结果表明:由碳化物偏聚引起的微观组织及性能的不均匀,是导致大型铝合金压铸模热疲劳龟裂的主要原因;模具心部因存在局部的粗晶组织使其韧性恶化,在薄弱位置处的微裂纹快速扩展为致命性贯穿裂纹导致其早期整体开裂。此外,模具微区硬度的离散度,能较好地反映模具微区组织性能的均匀性。
The thermal fatigue cracking and early gross cracking failure of large-scale aluminum alloy casting die were analyzed by microstructure and mechanical properties test. The results show that the uneven microstructure and properties caused by carbides segregation are the main cause of thermal fatigue cracking of large-scale aluminum alloy casting dies. The toughness of the casting die is deteriorated due to the existence of local coarse grain structure in the die core, and the microcracks at the weak position grow rapidly into fatal penetrating cracks and lead to its early gross cracking. In addition, the dispersion of die microhardness in micro-area can well reflect the uniformity of microstructure and properties of the die.
The thermal fatigue cracking and early gross cracking failure of large-scale aluminum alloy casting die were analyzed by microstructure and mechanical properties test. The results show that the uneven microstructure and properties caused by carbides segregation are the main cause of thermal fatigue cracking of large-scale aluminum alloy casting dies. The toughness of the casting die is deteriorated due to the existence of local coarse grain structure in the die core, and the microcracks at the weak position grow rapidly into fatal penetrating cracks and lead to its early gross cracking. In addition, the dispersion of die microhardness in micro-area can well reflect the uniformity of microstructure and properties of the die.
引文
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[2] Persson A,Hogmark S,Bergstr?m J.Temperature profiles and conditions for thermal fatigue cracking in brass die casting dies[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,152(2):228-236.
[3] 丁海,公永建,刘涛.铝合金压铸模具的失效分析及寿命提高措施[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(9):942-944.DING Hai,GONG Yong-jian,LIU Tao.Analysis failure and improvement of service life of aluminum alloy die casting die[J].Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys,2014,34(9):942-944.
[4] Marke?i■ R,Nagli■b I,Mole N,et al.Experimental and numerical analysis of failures on a die insert for high pressure die casting[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2019,95:171-180.
[5] 肖华强,陈维平.H13钢在铝液中的熔蚀-磨损行为与交互作用机理[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(1):89-96.XIAO Hua-qiang,CHEN Wei-ping.Corrosion-wear behavior and synergy mechanism of H13 tool steel in molten aluminum[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(1):89-96.
[6] 康进武,游锐,聂刚,等.铝合金压铸模具热疲劳寿命试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(12):63-68.KANG Jin-wu,YOU Rui,NIE Gang,et al.Study on the thermal fatigue life of H13 steel for aluminum alloy casting[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(12):63-68.
[7] Klob■ar D,Tu?ek J,Taljat B.Thermal fatigue of materials for die-casting tooling[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,472:198-207.
[8] 夏书文,左鹏鹏,吴晓春.国内外压铸模具钢发展概述[J].模具制造,2017,17(7):93-99.XIA Shu-wen,ZUO Peng-peng,WU Xiao-chun.Development of die-casting die steels at home and abroad[J].Die and Mould Manufacture,2017,17(7):93-99.
[9] Reggiani B,Donati L,Zhou J,et al.The role of creep and fatigue in determining the high-temperature behaviour of AISI H11 tempered steel for aluminium extrusion dies[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(12):1613-1623.
[10] 曹韩学,姜浩,唐浩兴,等.H13和H11钢在A356铝合金热液中的静态浸蚀[J].金属热处理,2016,41(9):153-156.CAO Han-xue,JIANG Hao,TANG Hao-xing,et al.Static etching process of H13 and H11 steel in hot liquid A356 aluminum alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(9):153-156.
[11] Grüning A,Lebsanft M,Scholtes B.Cyclic stress-strain behavior and damage of tool steel AISI H11 under isothermal and thermal fatigue conditions[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2010,527(7/8):1979-1985.
[12] 单陇红.基于数字图像的GCr15轴承钢中碳化物均匀性分析[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.SHAN Long-hong.Analysis on the carbides uniformity of GCr15 bearing steel based on digital image[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2016.
[13] 高华耀,马党参,周健,等.热处理工艺对新型高热稳定性热作模具钢组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2017,42(10):91-96.GAO Hua-yao,MA Dang-shen,ZHOU Jian,et al.Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of new high thermal stability hot working die steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(10):91-96.
[14] Sj?str?m J,Bergstr?m J.Thermal fatigue testing of chromium martensitic hot-work tool steel after different austenitizing treatments[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,153-154:1089-1096.
[15] 毛明涛,郭汉杰,孙晓林,等.基于原位观察的H13钢中液析碳化物高温行为研究[J].工程科学学报,2017,39(8):1174-1181.MAO Ming-tao,GUO Han-jie,SUN Xiao-lin,et al.In-situ research of high-temperature behavior of primary carbide in H13 steel[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2017,39(8):1174-1181.