Comprehensive analysis of nitrogen distributions and ammonia nitrogen release fluxes in the sediments of Baiyangdian Lake, China
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摘要
The condition of Baiyangdian Lake(BYDL) will improve as the Xiongan New Area evolves and fulfills its role of easing overcrowding and supporting economic growth. Water and sediment samples from BYDL were analyzed to provide information on nitrogen(N) contamination in BYDL. The mean ammonium N(NH_4~+-N), nitrate N, and total N concentrations in the water samples were 0.36, 0.12, and 2.22 mg/L, respectively, and the ranges were 0.003–8.38, 0.06–0.30,and 1.25–10.34 mg/L, respectively. The N concentrations in water gradually increased from the north to the south of BYDL. Sediment at 90% of the sampling sites was in or above the moderately contaminated class(1000–2000 mg/kg) defined in US Environmental Protection Agency total N pollution standards. Positive NH_4~+-N fluxes were found for 28 of the 34 sediment core samples, so the potential for NH_4~+-N being released from sediment was relatively high. The NH_4~+-N fluxes were 5.35–48.76 mg/m~2/day, and the mean and maximum fluxes were 8.71 and 48.76 mg/m~2/day, respectively. Benthic organisms will be affected more by NH_4~+-N and NH_3·H_2O in the surface sediment pore water(mean concentrations 4.93 and 0.13 mg/L, respectively) than by the other forms of N.
The condition of Baiyangdian Lake(BYDL) will improve as the Xiongan New Area evolves and fulfills its role of easing overcrowding and supporting economic growth. Water and sediment samples from BYDL were analyzed to provide information on nitrogen(N) contamination in BYDL. The mean ammonium N(NH_4~+-N), nitrate N, and total N concentrations in the water samples were 0.36, 0.12, and 2.22 mg/L, respectively, and the ranges were 0.003–8.38, 0.06–0.30,and 1.25–10.34 mg/L, respectively. The N concentrations in water gradually increased from the north to the south of BYDL. Sediment at 90% of the sampling sites was in or above the moderately contaminated class(1000–2000 mg/kg) defined in US Environmental Protection Agency total N pollution standards. Positive NH_4~+-N fluxes were found for 28 of the 34 sediment core samples, so the potential for NH_4~+-N being released from sediment was relatively high. The NH_4~+-N fluxes were 5.35–48.76 mg/m~2/day, and the mean and maximum fluxes were 8.71 and 48.76 mg/m~2/day, respectively. Benthic organisms will be affected more by NH_4~+-N and NH_3·H_2O in the surface sediment pore water(mean concentrations 4.93 and 0.13 mg/L, respectively) than by the other forms of N.
The condition of Baiyangdian Lake(BYDL) will improve as the Xiongan New Area evolves and fulfills its role of easing overcrowding and supporting economic growth. Water and sediment samples from BYDL were analyzed to provide information on nitrogen(N) contamination in BYDL. The mean ammonium N(NH_4~+-N), nitrate N, and total N concentrations in the water samples were 0.36, 0.12, and 2.22 mg/L, respectively, and the ranges were 0.003–8.38, 0.06–0.30,and 1.25–10.34 mg/L, respectively. The N concentrations in water gradually increased from the north to the south of BYDL. Sediment at 90% of the sampling sites was in or above the moderately contaminated class(1000–2000 mg/kg) defined in US Environmental Protection Agency total N pollution standards. Positive NH_4~+-N fluxes were found for 28 of the 34 sediment core samples, so the potential for NH_4~+-N being released from sediment was relatively high. The NH_4~+-N fluxes were 5.35–48.76 mg/m~2/day, and the mean and maximum fluxes were 8.71 and 48.76 mg/m~2/day, respectively. Benthic organisms will be affected more by NH_4~+-N and NH_3·H_2O in the surface sediment pore water(mean concentrations 4.93 and 0.13 mg/L, respectively) than by the other forms of N.
引文
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Augspurger,T.,Keller,A.E.,Black,M.C.,Cope,W.G.,Dwyer,F.J.,2003.Water quality guidance for protection of freshwater mussels(Unionidae)from ammonia exposure.Environ.Toxicol.Chem.22,2569-2575.
Berg,P.,Risgaard-Petersen,N.,Rysgaard,S.,1998.Interpretation of measured concentration profiles in sediment pore water.Limnol.Oceanogr.43,1500-1510.
Berman,T.,Bronk,D.A.,2003.Dissolved organic nitrogen:a dynamic participant in aquatic ecosystems.Aquat.Microb.Ecol.31,279-305.
Bhatnagar,A.,Sillanp??,M.,2011.A review of emerging adsorbents for nitrate removal from water.Chem.Eng.J.168,493-504.
Camargo,J.A.,Alonso,A.,2006.Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems:a global assessment.Environ.Int.32,831.
Constable,M.,Charlton,M.,Jensen,F.,McDonald,K.,Craig,G.,Taylor,K.W.,2003.An ecological risk assessment of ammonia in the aquatic environment.Hum.Ecol.Risk Assess.Int.J.9,527-548.
Cui,B.,Li,X.,Zhang,K.,2010.Classification of hydrological conditions to assess water allocation schemes for Lake Baiyangdian in North China.J.Hydrol.385,247-256.
Davis,T.W.,Bullerjahn,G.S.,Tuttle,T.,Mckay,R.M.,Watson,S.B.,2015.Effects of increasing nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on phytoplankton community growth and toxicity during Planktothrix blooms in Sandusky Bay,Lake Erie.Environ.Sci.Technol.49,7197.
Delos,C.,Erickson,R.,1999.1999 Update of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia.
Di,Z.Z.,Zhang,H.,Shan,B.Q.,2015.Status of internal nutrient loads and their effects on overlying water quality in Taihu Lake.Acta Sci.Circumst.35(12),3872-3882.
Emerson,K.,Russo,R.C.,Lund,R.E.,Thurston,R.V.,1975.Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations:effect of p H and temperature.J.Fish.Board Can.32,2379-2383.
Hu,W.,Lo,W.,Chua,H.,Sin,S.,Yu,P.,2001.Nutrient release and sediment oxygen demand in a eutrophic land-locked embayment in Hong Kong.Environ.Int.26,369-375.
Hu,G.,Luo,X.,Li,F.,Dai,J.,Guo,J.,Chen,S.,et al.,2010.Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake,North China:concentrations,sources profiles and potential risk.J.Environ.Sci.22,176-183.
Jiang,X.,Zhong,L.X.,Wang,S.H.,Jin,X.C.,2009.Dissolvable nitrogen variation at water-sediment interface during alga blooming process in Chaohu Lake.China Environ.Sci.29(11),1158-1163.
Jin,X.,Wang,S.,Pang,Y.,Wu,F.C.,2006.Phosphorus fractions and the effect of pH on the phosphorus release of the sediments from different trophic areas in Taihu Lake,China.Environ.Pollut.139,288-295.
Kaushal,S.S.,Delaney-Newcomb,K.,Findlay,S.E.,Newcomer,T.A.,Duan,S.,Pennino,M.J.,et al.,2014.Longitudinal patterns in carbon and nitrogen fluxes and stream metabolism along an urban watershed continuum.Biogeochemistry 121,23-44.
Kuwae,T.,Kibe,E.,Nakamura,Y.,2003.Effect of emersion and immersion on the porewater nutrient dynamics of an intertidal sandflat in Tokyo Bay.Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci.57,929-940.
Li,H.,Wang,Y.,Shi,L.,Mi,J.,Song,D.,Pan,X.,2012a.Distribution and Fractions of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Surface Sediments from Dianchi Lake,China.
Li,X.,Cui,B.,Yang,Q.,Tian,H.,Lan,Y.,Wang,T.,2012b.Detritus quality controls macrophyte decomposition under different nutrient concentrations in a eutrophic shallow lake,North China.PLoS One 7,e42042.
Liu,C.,Kroeze,C.,Hoekstra,A.Y.,Gerbens-Leenes,W.,2012.Past and future trends in grey water footprints of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to major world rivers.Ecol.Indic.18,42-49.
MacD onald,D.D.,Ingersoll,C.G.,Berger,T.,2000.Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems.Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.39,20-31.
Meyers,P.A.,1994.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter.Chem.Geol.114,289-302.
Müller,B.,Wang,Y.,Dittrich,M.,Wehrli,B.,2003.Influence of organic carbon decomposition on calcite dissolution in surficial sediments of a freshwater lake.Water Res.37,4524-4532.
Ni,Z.,Wang,S.,2015.Historical accumulation and environmental risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Erhai Lake,Southwest China.Ecol.Eng.79,42-53.
Russo,R.,1984.Ammonia,nitrite and nitrate.The Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology:Methods and Applications.
Seiki,T.,Izawa,H.,Date,E.,1989.Benthic nutrient remineralization and oxygen consumption in the coastal area of Hiroshima Bay.Water Res.23,219-228.
Shan,B.,Ding,Y.,Zhao,Y.,2016.Development and preliminary application of a method to assess river ecological status in the Hai River Basin,north China.J.Environ.Sci.39,144-154.
Shu,X.,Liang,Yanle,J.,Xin,Y.,2010.Effect of the p H value on the nitrogen and phosphorus release from the sediment Baiyangdian.J.Anhui Agric.Sci.38,20859-20862.
Smart,M.M.,Rada,R.G.,Donnermeyer,G.N.,1983.Determination of total nitrogen in sediments and plants using persulfate digestion.An evaluation and comparison with the Kjeldahl procedure.Water Res.17,1207-1211.
Stockenberg,A.,Johnstone,R.W.,1997.Benthic denitrification in the Gulf of Bothnia.Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci.45,835-843.
Su,L.,Liu,J.,Christensen,P.,2011.Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of metals in sediments of Baiyangdian wetland ecosystem.Ecotoxicology 20,1107-1116.
Tachet,H.,Richoux,P.,Bournaud,M.,Usseglio-Polatera,P.,2000.Invertébrés d'Eau Douce.Systématique,Biologie,écologie.CNRSéditions,Paris.
Urban,N.R.,Dinkel,C.,Wehrli,B.,1997.Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake:I.Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers.Aquat.Sci.59,1-25.
Wang,S.,Jiang,X.,Zhong,L.,Jin,X.,Sun,S.,2010.Seasonal occurrence characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in the sediments of Chaohu Lake.Environ.Sci.31,946-953.
Wang,W.W.,Wang,S.H.,Jiang,X.,2013.Occurrence characteristics and release risk of nitrogen fractions in sediments of Dongting Lake.Res.Environ.Sci.26(6),598-605.
Wang,L.,Liang,T.,Zhong,B.,Li,K.,Zhang,Q.,Zhang,C.,2014.Study on nitrogen dynamics at the sediment-water interface of Dongting Lake,China.Aquat.Geochem.20,501-517.
Worsfold,P.J.,Monbet,P.,Tappin,A.D.,Fitzsimons,M.F.,Stiles,D.A.,McKelvie,I.D.,2008.Characterisation and quantification of organic phosphorus and organic nitrogen components in aquatic systems:a review.Anal.Chim.Acta 624,37-58.
Wu,F.,Qing,H.,Wan,G.,2001.Regeneration of N,P and Si near the sediment/water interface of lakes from Southwestern China Plateau.Water Res.35,1334-1337.
Xie,L.,Xie,P.,Tang,H.,2003.Enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms-an enclosure experiment in a hyper-eutrophic,subtropical Chinese lake.Environ.Pollut.122,391-399.
Xu,H.,Paerl,H.W.,Qin,B.,Zhu,G.,Gao,G.,2010.Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs control phytoplankton growth in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.Limnol.Oceanogr.55,420.
Yang,L.,Lei,K.,Meng,W.,Fu,G.,Yan,W.,2013a.Temporal and spatial changes in nutrients and chlorophyll-αin a shallow lake,Lake Chaohu,China:an 11-year investigation.J.Environ.Sci.25,1117-1123.
Yang,L.,Lei,K.,Yan,W.,Li,Y.,2013b.Internal loads of nutrients in Lake Chaohu of China:implications for lake eutrophication.Int.J.Environ.Res.7,1021-1028.
Yang,Z.,Wang,L.,Liang,T.,Huang,M.,2015.Nitrogen distribution and ammonia release from the overlying water and sediments of Poyang Lake,China.Environ.Earth Sci.74,771.
Zhang,W.,Jin,X.,Liu,D.,Lang,C.,Shan,B.,2017.Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river-Fuyang River in northern China.J.Environ.Sci.55,41-48.
Zhang,P.,Zhou,H.,Li,K.,Zhao,X.,Liu,Q.,Li,D.,et al.,2018.Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products,and their associated environmental risks in a large shallow lake in north China.Environ.Geochem.Health 1-15.
Zhao,Y.,Xia,X.,Yang,Z.,Xia,N.,2011.Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in Baiyangdian Lake,North China.J.Environ.Inform.17(2),102-108.
Zhao,Y.,Yang,Z.,Xia,X.,Wang,F.,2012.A shallow lake remediation regime with Phragmites australis:incorporating nutrient removal and water evapotranspiration.Water Res.46,5635-5644.
Augspurger,T.,Keller,A.E.,Black,M.C.,Cope,W.G.,Dwyer,F.J.,2003.Water quality guidance for protection of freshwater mussels(Unionidae)from ammonia exposure.Environ.Toxicol.Chem.22,2569-2575.
Berg,P.,Risgaard-Petersen,N.,Rysgaard,S.,1998.Interpretation of measured concentration profiles in sediment pore water.Limnol.Oceanogr.43,1500-1510.
Berman,T.,Bronk,D.A.,2003.Dissolved organic nitrogen:a dynamic participant in aquatic ecosystems.Aquat.Microb.Ecol.31,279-305.
Bhatnagar,A.,Sillanp??,M.,2011.A review of emerging adsorbents for nitrate removal from water.Chem.Eng.J.168,493-504.
Camargo,J.A.,Alonso,A.,2006.Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems:a global assessment.Environ.Int.32,831.
Constable,M.,Charlton,M.,Jensen,F.,McDonald,K.,Craig,G.,Taylor,K.W.,2003.An ecological risk assessment of ammonia in the aquatic environment.Hum.Ecol.Risk Assess.Int.J.9,527-548.
Cui,B.,Li,X.,Zhang,K.,2010.Classification of hydrological conditions to assess water allocation schemes for Lake Baiyangdian in North China.J.Hydrol.385,247-256.
Davis,T.W.,Bullerjahn,G.S.,Tuttle,T.,Mckay,R.M.,Watson,S.B.,2015.Effects of increasing nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on phytoplankton community growth and toxicity during Planktothrix blooms in Sandusky Bay,Lake Erie.Environ.Sci.Technol.49,7197.
Delos,C.,Erickson,R.,1999.1999 Update of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia.
Di,Z.Z.,Zhang,H.,Shan,B.Q.,2015.Status of internal nutrient loads and their effects on overlying water quality in Taihu Lake.Acta Sci.Circumst.35(12),3872-3882.
Emerson,K.,Russo,R.C.,Lund,R.E.,Thurston,R.V.,1975.Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations:effect of p H and temperature.J.Fish.Board Can.32,2379-2383.
Hu,W.,Lo,W.,Chua,H.,Sin,S.,Yu,P.,2001.Nutrient release and sediment oxygen demand in a eutrophic land-locked embayment in Hong Kong.Environ.Int.26,369-375.
Hu,G.,Luo,X.,Li,F.,Dai,J.,Guo,J.,Chen,S.,et al.,2010.Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake,North China:concentrations,sources profiles and potential risk.J.Environ.Sci.22,176-183.
Jiang,X.,Zhong,L.X.,Wang,S.H.,Jin,X.C.,2009.Dissolvable nitrogen variation at water-sediment interface during alga blooming process in Chaohu Lake.China Environ.Sci.29(11),1158-1163.
Jin,X.,Wang,S.,Pang,Y.,Wu,F.C.,2006.Phosphorus fractions and the effect of pH on the phosphorus release of the sediments from different trophic areas in Taihu Lake,China.Environ.Pollut.139,288-295.
Kaushal,S.S.,Delaney-Newcomb,K.,Findlay,S.E.,Newcomer,T.A.,Duan,S.,Pennino,M.J.,et al.,2014.Longitudinal patterns in carbon and nitrogen fluxes and stream metabolism along an urban watershed continuum.Biogeochemistry 121,23-44.
Kuwae,T.,Kibe,E.,Nakamura,Y.,2003.Effect of emersion and immersion on the porewater nutrient dynamics of an intertidal sandflat in Tokyo Bay.Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci.57,929-940.
Li,H.,Wang,Y.,Shi,L.,Mi,J.,Song,D.,Pan,X.,2012a.Distribution and Fractions of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Surface Sediments from Dianchi Lake,China.
Li,X.,Cui,B.,Yang,Q.,Tian,H.,Lan,Y.,Wang,T.,2012b.Detritus quality controls macrophyte decomposition under different nutrient concentrations in a eutrophic shallow lake,North China.PLoS One 7,e42042.
Liu,C.,Kroeze,C.,Hoekstra,A.Y.,Gerbens-Leenes,W.,2012.Past and future trends in grey water footprints of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to major world rivers.Ecol.Indic.18,42-49.
MacD onald,D.D.,Ingersoll,C.G.,Berger,T.,2000.Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems.Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.39,20-31.
Meyers,P.A.,1994.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter.Chem.Geol.114,289-302.
Müller,B.,Wang,Y.,Dittrich,M.,Wehrli,B.,2003.Influence of organic carbon decomposition on calcite dissolution in surficial sediments of a freshwater lake.Water Res.37,4524-4532.
Ni,Z.,Wang,S.,2015.Historical accumulation and environmental risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Erhai Lake,Southwest China.Ecol.Eng.79,42-53.
Russo,R.,1984.Ammonia,nitrite and nitrate.The Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology:Methods and Applications.
Seiki,T.,Izawa,H.,Date,E.,1989.Benthic nutrient remineralization and oxygen consumption in the coastal area of Hiroshima Bay.Water Res.23,219-228.
Shan,B.,Ding,Y.,Zhao,Y.,2016.Development and preliminary application of a method to assess river ecological status in the Hai River Basin,north China.J.Environ.Sci.39,144-154.
Shu,X.,Liang,Yanle,J.,Xin,Y.,2010.Effect of the p H value on the nitrogen and phosphorus release from the sediment Baiyangdian.J.Anhui Agric.Sci.38,20859-20862.
Smart,M.M.,Rada,R.G.,Donnermeyer,G.N.,1983.Determination of total nitrogen in sediments and plants using persulfate digestion.An evaluation and comparison with the Kjeldahl procedure.Water Res.17,1207-1211.
Stockenberg,A.,Johnstone,R.W.,1997.Benthic denitrification in the Gulf of Bothnia.Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci.45,835-843.
Su,L.,Liu,J.,Christensen,P.,2011.Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of metals in sediments of Baiyangdian wetland ecosystem.Ecotoxicology 20,1107-1116.
Tachet,H.,Richoux,P.,Bournaud,M.,Usseglio-Polatera,P.,2000.Invertébrés d'Eau Douce.Systématique,Biologie,écologie.CNRSéditions,Paris.
Urban,N.R.,Dinkel,C.,Wehrli,B.,1997.Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake:I.Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers.Aquat.Sci.59,1-25.
Wang,S.,Jiang,X.,Zhong,L.,Jin,X.,Sun,S.,2010.Seasonal occurrence characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in the sediments of Chaohu Lake.Environ.Sci.31,946-953.
Wang,W.W.,Wang,S.H.,Jiang,X.,2013.Occurrence characteristics and release risk of nitrogen fractions in sediments of Dongting Lake.Res.Environ.Sci.26(6),598-605.
Wang,L.,Liang,T.,Zhong,B.,Li,K.,Zhang,Q.,Zhang,C.,2014.Study on nitrogen dynamics at the sediment-water interface of Dongting Lake,China.Aquat.Geochem.20,501-517.
Worsfold,P.J.,Monbet,P.,Tappin,A.D.,Fitzsimons,M.F.,Stiles,D.A.,McKelvie,I.D.,2008.Characterisation and quantification of organic phosphorus and organic nitrogen components in aquatic systems:a review.Anal.Chim.Acta 624,37-58.
Wu,F.,Qing,H.,Wan,G.,2001.Regeneration of N,P and Si near the sediment/water interface of lakes from Southwestern China Plateau.Water Res.35,1334-1337.
Xie,L.,Xie,P.,Tang,H.,2003.Enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms-an enclosure experiment in a hyper-eutrophic,subtropical Chinese lake.Environ.Pollut.122,391-399.
Xu,H.,Paerl,H.W.,Qin,B.,Zhu,G.,Gao,G.,2010.Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs control phytoplankton growth in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.Limnol.Oceanogr.55,420.
Yang,L.,Lei,K.,Meng,W.,Fu,G.,Yan,W.,2013a.Temporal and spatial changes in nutrients and chlorophyll-αin a shallow lake,Lake Chaohu,China:an 11-year investigation.J.Environ.Sci.25,1117-1123.
Yang,L.,Lei,K.,Yan,W.,Li,Y.,2013b.Internal loads of nutrients in Lake Chaohu of China:implications for lake eutrophication.Int.J.Environ.Res.7,1021-1028.
Yang,Z.,Wang,L.,Liang,T.,Huang,M.,2015.Nitrogen distribution and ammonia release from the overlying water and sediments of Poyang Lake,China.Environ.Earth Sci.74,771.
Zhang,W.,Jin,X.,Liu,D.,Lang,C.,Shan,B.,2017.Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river-Fuyang River in northern China.J.Environ.Sci.55,41-48.
Zhang,P.,Zhou,H.,Li,K.,Zhao,X.,Liu,Q.,Li,D.,et al.,2018.Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products,and their associated environmental risks in a large shallow lake in north China.Environ.Geochem.Health 1-15.
Zhao,Y.,Xia,X.,Yang,Z.,Xia,N.,2011.Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in Baiyangdian Lake,North China.J.Environ.Inform.17(2),102-108.
Zhao,Y.,Yang,Z.,Xia,X.,Wang,F.,2012.A shallow lake remediation regime with Phragmites australis:incorporating nutrient removal and water evapotranspiration.Water Res.46,5635-5644.