川芎对镉、铅及其复合处理的生理响应
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摘要
选取四川道地产区的川芎(Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.)为研究材料,采用盆栽控制进行模拟镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)及其复合处理实验,研究重金属在川芎体内的吸收和分配规律,探讨Cd、Pb及其复合处理下川芎的生理响应机制.实验包括4个处理,分别为对照处理(0 mg/kg Cd和0 mg/kg Pb)、镉处理(5 mg/kg Cd)、铅处理(500 mg/kg Pb)及其复合处理(5 mg/kg Cd+500 mg/kg Pb).结果表明,Pb主要富集在根部,而Cd富集在根部与根茎;Pb促进了Cd从地下部向地上部的转移,但抑制了Cd在根茎和叶片中的富集,复合处理显著降低了川芎根茎和地上部分Cd的积累.与对照处理相比,Cd、Pb单一处理抑制了川芎叶片的光合作用,显著降低了净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、叶绿素a(Chla)、叶片瞬时水分利用效率和根系活力,其中Cd处理对植株的胁迫相较于Pb处理负面影响更加显著.与Cd处理相比,复合处理显著提高了植株的实际光化学量子产量(YⅡ)和光化学淬灭(q_P),降低了非光化学淬灭(NPQ),川芎叶片具有更强的光合潜力.在次生代谢产物合成中,Cd处理显著降低根茎中阿魏酸和川芎嗪含量,Pb处理显著降低根茎中藁本内酯含量;相较于Cd单一处理,复合处理显著增加了根茎中阿魏酸的含量.本研究表明川芎受到Pb处理的毒害效应弱于Cd处理;复合处理下,川芎通过提高叶片的光合潜力、水分利用效率和根系活力缓解重金属的毒害;结果可为评价川芎遭受重金属污染风险提供科学依据.(图4表6参32)
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. from geo-authentic habitats in Sichuan province of China was selected as the research material in this study. Pot experiments were used to simulate cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and their combined treatments to investigate the absorption and distribution characteristics of heavy metals, and to reveal the physiological response of L.chuanxiong to heavy metal stress. Four treatments were utilized in this study, including the control treatment(0 mg/kg Cd and 0 mg/kg Pb), cadmium treatment(5 mg/kg Cd), lead treatment(500 mg/kg Pb), and their combined treatment(5 mg/kg Cd + 500 mg/kg Pb). The results showed that Pb was mainly concentrated in the roots, whereas Cd was enriched in the roots and rhizomes. Pb promoted the transfer of Cd from the underground to the aboveground parts of the plant; however, it inhibited the enrichment of Cd in the rhizomes and leaves. In the combined treatment, the accumulation of Cd in the rhizome and aboveground parts of L. chuanxiong was significantly reduced. Compared with the control treatment, the Cd and Pb treatments significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i), transpiration rate(T_r), leaf instantaneous chlorophyll a content, water use efficiency, and root activity in L. chuanxiong.Furthermore, the stress effect of the Cd treatment was more significant than that of the Pb treatment. Compared with the Cd treatment, the photosynthetic potential of L. chuanxiong was improved under the combined treatment by increasing the actural photochemical yield(YⅡ) and photochemical quenching(q_p), and decreasing the non-photochemical quenching(NPQ). For secondary metabolite synthesis, the Cd treatment significantly decreased ferulic acid and tetramethylpyrazine content in rhizomes, whereas the Pb treatment significantly decreased ligustilide content. Their combination resulted in a significantly higher ferulic acid content in the rhizomes than that of the Cd treatment only. These results indicate that the toxicity of Pb was weaker than that of Cd in L. chuanxiong. Under the combined treatment, L. chuanxiong could alleviate heavy metal toxicity by increasing the photosynthetic potential of leaves, water use efficiency, and root activity.
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. from geo-authentic habitats in Sichuan province of China was selected as the research material in this study. Pot experiments were used to simulate cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and their combined treatments to investigate the absorption and distribution characteristics of heavy metals, and to reveal the physiological response of L.chuanxiong to heavy metal stress. Four treatments were utilized in this study, including the control treatment(0 mg/kg Cd and 0 mg/kg Pb), cadmium treatment(5 mg/kg Cd), lead treatment(500 mg/kg Pb), and their combined treatment(5 mg/kg Cd + 500 mg/kg Pb). The results showed that Pb was mainly concentrated in the roots, whereas Cd was enriched in the roots and rhizomes. Pb promoted the transfer of Cd from the underground to the aboveground parts of the plant; however, it inhibited the enrichment of Cd in the rhizomes and leaves. In the combined treatment, the accumulation of Cd in the rhizome and aboveground parts of L. chuanxiong was significantly reduced. Compared with the control treatment, the Cd and Pb treatments significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i), transpiration rate(T_r), leaf instantaneous chlorophyll a content, water use efficiency, and root activity in L. chuanxiong.Furthermore, the stress effect of the Cd treatment was more significant than that of the Pb treatment. Compared with the Cd treatment, the photosynthetic potential of L. chuanxiong was improved under the combined treatment by increasing the actural photochemical yield(YⅡ) and photochemical quenching(q_p), and decreasing the non-photochemical quenching(NPQ). For secondary metabolite synthesis, the Cd treatment significantly decreased ferulic acid and tetramethylpyrazine content in rhizomes, whereas the Pb treatment significantly decreased ligustilide content. Their combination resulted in a significantly higher ferulic acid content in the rhizomes than that of the Cd treatment only. These results indicate that the toxicity of Pb was weaker than that of Cd in L. chuanxiong. Under the combined treatment, L. chuanxiong could alleviate heavy metal toxicity by increasing the photosynthetic potential of leaves, water use efficiency, and root activity.
引文
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21 Kosobr uk hov A,K nyazeva I,Mudrik V.Plantago major,plants responses to increase content of lead in soil:growth and photosynthesis[J].Plant Growth Regul,2014,42(2):145-151
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31 Li SY,Jia YW.Stabilization of mitochondrial function by tetramethylpyrazine protects against kainate-induced oxidative lesions in the rat hippocampus[J].Free Radical Biol Med,2014,48(4):597-608
32韩炜.川芎的化学成分与药理作用研究进展[J].中国现代中药,2017,19(9):1341-1349[Han W.Research progress in the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Ligusticum Chuanxiong[J].Mod Chin Med,2017,19(9):1341-1349]
2金玉青,洪远林,李建蕊,李曦,王晓晓.川芎的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中药与临床,2013,4(3):44-48[Jin YQ,Hong YL,Li JR,Li X,Wang XX.Progress in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ligusticum chuanxiong[J].Pharm Clin Chin Materia Med,2013,4(3):44-48]
3 Ren DC,Yang NY,Qian SH,Xie N,Zhou XM,Duan JA.Chemical study on aerial parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong[J].Chin J Chin Materia Med,2007,32(14):1418-1420
4钟赣生,李少华.《神农本草经》的药物成就[J].中华中医药杂志,2006,21(7):390-392[Zhong GS,Li SH.The drug achievements of Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic[J].Chin J Tradit Chin Med,2006,21(7):390-392]
5陈文德,彭培好,王丽华,郭尚磊.川芎道地产区环境地球化学特征研究[J].土壤通报,2012,40(4):784-788[Chen WD,Peng PH,Guo SL.Study on environmental geochemical characteristics of Ligusticum chuanxiong in specific production area[J].Soil Bull,2009,40(4):784-788]
6赵连华,杨银慧,胡一晨,杨世海,金红宇,魏建和,杨美华.我国中药材中重金属污染现状分析及对策研究[J].中草药,2014,45(9):1199-1206[Zhao LH,Yang YH,Hu YC,Yang SH,Jin HY,Wei JH,Yang MH.Analysis and countermeasures of heavy metal pollution in Chinese medicinal materials[J].Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs,2014,45(9):1199-1206]
7梁尧,姜晓莉,杨粉团,曹庆军,李刚.重金属铅胁迫对人参光合特征与皂苷含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(16):3054-3060[Liang Y,Jiang XL,Yang FT,Cao QJ,Li G.Effects of heavy metal lead stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and saponins content of ginseng[J].Chin J Chin Materia Med,2014,39(16):3054-3060]
8武征,郭巧生,王庆亚,周黎君,张志远,张利霞,黄涛.夏枯草内在品质及生长特性对铅、铜、镉胁迫的响应[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(3):263-267[Wu Z,Guo QS,Wang QY,Zhou LJ,Zhang ZY,Zhang LX,Huang T.Response of internal quality and growth characteristics to lead,copper and cadmium stress[J].Chin J Chin Materia Med,2010,35(3):263-267]
9张德林.基于土壤镉污染对川芎产量和品质的影响研究[R].哈尔滨市:中国商品学会全国中药商品学术大会,2017[Zhang DL.Based on the effect of soil cadmium pollution on yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong[R].Ha Erbing:China commodity society national academic conference on traditional Chinese medicine commodities,2017]
10周骁腾,卢恒,李耿,郭尚嘉.川产道地药材川芎重金属富集能力及健康风险分析[J].环境化学,2014,4:562-567[Zhou XT,Lu H,Li G,Guo SJ.Analysis on heavy metal accumulation ability and health risk of Ligusticum chuanxiong produced in Sichuan province[J].Environ Chem,2014,4:562-567]
11熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都:四川出版集团,2003:30-32[Xiong QE.Plant physiology experiment course[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Publishing Group,2003:30-32]
12王妙闻,张艺,张静,肖莹莹,马逾英,蒋桂华.HPLC测定川芎中的总阿魏酸[J].华西药学杂志,2016,23(1):100-102[Wang MW,Zang Y,Zang J,Xiao YY,Ma YY,Jiang GH.Determination of total ferulic acid in Ligusticum chuanxiong by HPLC[J].West Chin J Pharm Sci,2016,23(1):100-102]
13刘鹏,徐根娣,郭水良,汪敏.南方4种草本植物对铝胁迫生理响应的研究[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(4):644-651[Liu P,Xu GD,Guo SL,Wang M.Study on physiological responses of four species of herbs to aluminum in South China[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2005,29(4):644-651]
14曾泽雨.Pb、Cd胁迫对鱼腥草生理特性及其累积效应的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010[Zeng ZY.Effects of Pb and Cd stress on physiological characteristics and cumulative effects of Houttuynia cordata[D].Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2010]
15简敏菲,张乖乖,史雅甜,余厚平,陈奕奇.土壤镉、铅及其复合污染胁迫对丁香蓼(Ludwigia prostrata)生长和光合荧光特性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(5):837-844[Jian MF,Zhang GG,Shi YT,Yu HP,Cheng YQ.Effects of Cd,Pb and their combined pollution stress on the growth and photosynthetic f luorescence of Ludwigia prostrata[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2017,23(5):837-844]
16白雪,陈亚慧,耿凯,刘建国,王明新.镉在三色堇中的积累及亚细胞与化学形态分布[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1600-1605[Bai X,Cheng YH,Geng K,Liu JG,Wang MX.Accumulation of cadmium in pansy and distribution of subcellular and chemical forms[J].Acta Sci Circum,2014,34(6):1600-1605]
17 Oliver MJ,Cushman JC,Koster KL.Plant stress tolerance[J].Methods Mol Biol,2010,28(2):639-659
18 K u m a r A,Si n g h DP,Si n g h P.I n f l u e n c e of w a t e r s t r e s s o n photosynthesis,transpiration,water-use efficiency and yield of Brassica juncea L.[J].Field Crops Res,2014,37(2):95-101
19 Sorrentino MC,Capozzi F,Amitrano C,Giordano S.Performance of three cardoon cultivars in an industrial heavy metal-contaminated soil:effects on morphology,cytology and photosynthesis[J].Plant Physiol Biochem,2018,351:131-137
20 Parmar P,Kumari N,Sharma V.Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress[J].Bot Stud,2013,54(1):45-51
21 Kosobr uk hov A,K nyazeva I,Mudrik V.Plantago major,plants responses to increase content of lead in soil:growth and photosynthesis[J].Plant Growth Regul,2014,42(2):145-151
22赵敏,周贤思.镉铅胁迫对鱼腥草叶绿素含量的影响[J].环境与可持续发展,2017,42(1):72-74[Zhao M,Zhou XS.Effects of cadmium and lead stress on chlorophyll content of Houttuynia cordata[J].Environ Sustain Dev,2017,42(1):72-74]
23付世景.镉、铅污染对板蓝根生长和品质的影响及其调控[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007[Fu SJ.Impacts of Radix isatidis of growth,quality under cadmium,lead contamination and control[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural College,2007]
24朱宇林.银杏对镉、铅及其复合污染的生理响应与抗性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2006[Zhu YL.Physiological response and resistance of Ginkgo to cadmium,lead and their compound pollution[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2006]
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