旅游解说研究进展与差异分析
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摘要
旅游解说不仅是旅游管理与服务的重要组成部分,也是游客体验的关键环节。近十余年来旅游解说系统研究出现了注重情感化、视角微观化、方法交叉性等新的趋势,需要对其进展进行总结与归纳。文章从旅游解说概念和功能、效果与规划3个层面阐述旅游解说是什么、怎么实现和如何规划3个问题。由于我国的解说系统研究相比境外尚有一定差距,因此文章通过创新性视角、热点内容和交叉性方法等进展分析,对比境内外研究差异及其产生原因以对我国未来旅游解说研究与发展进行展望。研究结果表明:(1)旅游解说深层次与广泛性的理解需要多元化视角的融合,不同学科理论的支持扩展了旅游解说存在的价值与意义;(2)遗产、真实性、体验、地方、可持续旅游等逐渐成为旅游解说相关领域高频词,保护与情感依附等关于环境可持续与个人成长等功能与作用将是旅游解说未来研究热点与趋势;(3)我国在缩小与境外旅游解说研究差距的同时,要着重关注中外文化差异导致的不同发展模式的需求与研究方法的适用性。
The significance of tourism interpretation is gradually recognized by tourism operators and managers of scenic areas particularly in the regions with abundant tourism resources. Tourism interpretation is not only an important part of tourism management and service, but also key engines for promoting and enhancing the quality of the vistors' experience.As a product of information transmission and educational function, tourism interpretation has gradually become an important part of tourism management and tourism experience. Therefore, the research of tourism interpretation needs to be reviewed and summarized. Over the past decade, there have been new trends and contents in the tourism interpretation system research, such as emotional identification, microscopic perspectives and application of multivariate method.The article elaborated on three aspects of tourism interpretation:the concepts and functions of tourism interpretation, the effects and the planning.Through the elaboration of the above contents, three issues are illuminated, that is what tourism interpretation is, how to realize it and how to plan it.Compared with the theoretical findings and application to the tourism interpretation system, research in Mainland China is somewhat lagging behind. It is urgent to systematically review the trends and research contents on tourism interpretation research to put forward advanced conceptions and experiences, and provide guidelines for further research and practical application at the national level.What's more, the study of tourism interpretation should consider not only the differences but also the differences of cultural backgrounds at inbounel and outhound. Therefore, this paper analyzed the progress through innovative perspectives, hot topics, multiple methods, differences comparative analysis between domestic and western researches, and explain what make the differences.Three suggestions and observations were proposed in this paper:(1) Different disciplines theory can help expand the value and significance of tourism interpretation, thus the deep and extensive understanding of tourism interpretation requires the integration of multi-discipline perspectives;(2) By using the CiteSpace, conclusions could be drawn that heritage, authenticity, experience, place and the sustainable tourism have gradually become high-frequency words in tourism interpretation related fields, which shows that the functions and effects of conservation and emotional attachment that could promote environmental sustainability and personal growth will be the future research hotspots and trends in tourism interpretation;(3) More attention should be paid to the needs of different development models and the applicability of research methods caused by cultural conflict between inbound and outbound.
The significance of tourism interpretation is gradually recognized by tourism operators and managers of scenic areas particularly in the regions with abundant tourism resources. Tourism interpretation is not only an important part of tourism management and service, but also key engines for promoting and enhancing the quality of the vistors' experience.As a product of information transmission and educational function, tourism interpretation has gradually become an important part of tourism management and tourism experience. Therefore, the research of tourism interpretation needs to be reviewed and summarized. Over the past decade, there have been new trends and contents in the tourism interpretation system research, such as emotional identification, microscopic perspectives and application of multivariate method.The article elaborated on three aspects of tourism interpretation:the concepts and functions of tourism interpretation, the effects and the planning.Through the elaboration of the above contents, three issues are illuminated, that is what tourism interpretation is, how to realize it and how to plan it.Compared with the theoretical findings and application to the tourism interpretation system, research in Mainland China is somewhat lagging behind. It is urgent to systematically review the trends and research contents on tourism interpretation research to put forward advanced conceptions and experiences, and provide guidelines for further research and practical application at the national level.What's more, the study of tourism interpretation should consider not only the differences but also the differences of cultural backgrounds at inbounel and outhound. Therefore, this paper analyzed the progress through innovative perspectives, hot topics, multiple methods, differences comparative analysis between domestic and western researches, and explain what make the differences.Three suggestions and observations were proposed in this paper:(1) Different disciplines theory can help expand the value and significance of tourism interpretation, thus the deep and extensive understanding of tourism interpretation requires the integration of multi-discipline perspectives;(2) By using the CiteSpace, conclusions could be drawn that heritage, authenticity, experience, place and the sustainable tourism have gradually become high-frequency words in tourism interpretation related fields, which shows that the functions and effects of conservation and emotional attachment that could promote environmental sustainability and personal growth will be the future research hotspots and trends in tourism interpretation;(3) More attention should be paid to the needs of different development models and the applicability of research methods caused by cultural conflict between inbound and outbound.
引文
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(1)图中作者对应文献:服务(曾伸[136]、邱怡欣[137]、翟宝华[138]、Ham等[90]、Rojas等[139]),经济(王雅俞[41]、陈宽裕等[42]、荣娜等[140]、崔向天[44]、Buckley[141]),教育(吴亚东[142]、朱璇等[118]、甘露等[131]、王辉等[37]、Ballantyne等[143]、Weiler等[144]、Hughes等[52]、Jacobs等[49]、Apps等[46]),管理(刘丽华等[145]、Ballantyne等[35]、Kim等[80]、Delgado等[47]、Ababneh等[33]、Lyngdoh等[146]),情感(戴有德等[147]、潘植强等[148]、Wight等[50]、Ballantyne等[149]、Wijeratne等[55]、Kuo等[122]、Moscardo[36]、Walker等[53]、Apps等[12])。
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(1)图中作者对应文献:服务(曾伸[136]、邱怡欣[137]、翟宝华[138]、Ham等[90]、Rojas等[139]),经济(王雅俞[41]、陈宽裕等[42]、荣娜等[140]、崔向天[44]、Buckley[141]),教育(吴亚东[142]、朱璇等[118]、甘露等[131]、王辉等[37]、Ballantyne等[143]、Weiler等[144]、Hughes等[52]、Jacobs等[49]、Apps等[46]),管理(刘丽华等[145]、Ballantyne等[35]、Kim等[80]、Delgado等[47]、Ababneh等[33]、Lyngdoh等[146]),情感(戴有德等[147]、潘植强等[148]、Wight等[50]、Ballantyne等[149]、Wijeratne等[55]、Kuo等[122]、Moscardo[36]、Walker等[53]、Apps等[12])。