斑马鱼心脏的显微与超微结构
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摘要
应用光镜和透射电镜对斑马鱼心脏的显微与超微结构进行了观察。结果显示,斑马鱼心脏由心室、心房、动脉球和静脉窦构成。心室呈棕红色,分层明显,分为心外膜区的致密层和心内膜区的海绵层。心房呈亮红色,仅由疏松的海绵层构成。心室的前方会发出一条动脉干(腹主动脉),动脉干的起始部膨大呈椭球状,称为动脉球。动脉球呈梨形,由内向外可分为内膜层、中间层和外膜层3层。静脉窦单独进行分离较难,因此未对静脉窦进行单独分离观察。本实验在心室、心房和动脉球中同时观察到telocyte间质细胞的存在,它们的形态瘦长,可分为细部和膨大部。在心室的心肌细胞内观察到多泡体的存在,它们常分布在心肌细胞的外缘,贴近肌纤维膜或者邻近心肌细胞外缘的线粒体。
In this paper, the microstructure and ultrastructure of zebrafish heart were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the heart of zebrafish was composed of four parts:ventricle, atrium, bulbous arterious and venous sinus. The ventricle is brown-red and the stratification was obvious,it was divided into a compact layer of the epicardial region and a sponge layer of the endocardial region. The atrium is bright red and consists only of a loose sponge layer. An arterial trunk(abdominal aorta) was issued in front of the ventricle and the starting part of the arterial trunk expands into ellipsoidal shape, called the bulbous arterious. The bulbous arterious was pear-shaped, which can be divided into three layers from the inside to the outside, and they were the inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer respectively. The venous sinus was difficult to isolate separately, therefore, the sinus was not isolated and observed separately. In this paper, the presence of telocyte interstitial cells was observed in the ventricles, atrium and arterial spheres. Their morphology was slender and long and could be divided into podomeres and podoms. The presence of multivesicular bodies was observed in the cardiomyocytes of the ventricles, which were often distributed on the outer edge of the cardiomyocytes, close to the sarcolemma or adjacent to the mitochondria of the outer edge of the cardiomyocytes.
In this paper, the microstructure and ultrastructure of zebrafish heart were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the heart of zebrafish was composed of four parts:ventricle, atrium, bulbous arterious and venous sinus. The ventricle is brown-red and the stratification was obvious,it was divided into a compact layer of the epicardial region and a sponge layer of the endocardial region. The atrium is bright red and consists only of a loose sponge layer. An arterial trunk(abdominal aorta) was issued in front of the ventricle and the starting part of the arterial trunk expands into ellipsoidal shape, called the bulbous arterious. The bulbous arterious was pear-shaped, which can be divided into three layers from the inside to the outside, and they were the inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer respectively. The venous sinus was difficult to isolate separately, therefore, the sinus was not isolated and observed separately. In this paper, the presence of telocyte interstitial cells was observed in the ventricles, atrium and arterial spheres. Their morphology was slender and long and could be divided into podomeres and podoms. The presence of multivesicular bodies was observed in the cardiomyocytes of the ventricles, which were often distributed on the outer edge of the cardiomyocytes, close to the sarcolemma or adjacent to the mitochondria of the outer edge of the cardiomyocytes.
引文
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[8]刘仪,章琳俐,初晓雅,等.不同温度条件下斑马鱼精巢TLR2和TLR4的表达分布[J].畜牧与兽医,2016,48(12):65-67.Liu Y,Zhang L L,Chu X Y,et al.The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the spermary of zebrafish at different temperatures[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,48(12):65-67(in Chinese).
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[11]Leknes I L.Structural and histochemical studies on the teleostean bulbus arteriosus[J].Anatomia,Histologia,Embryologia,2009,38(6):424-428.
[12]Breisch E A,White F,Jones H M,et al.Ultrastructural morphometry of the myocardium of Thunnus alalunga[J].Cell and Tissue Research,1983,233(2):427-438.
[13]Santer R M.Morphology and innervation of the fish heart[J].Advances in Anatomy,Embryology,and Cell Biology,1985,89:1-102.
[14]Tota B,Cimini V,Salvatore G,et al.Comparative study of the arterial and lacunary systems of the ventricular myocardium of elasmobranch and teleost fishes[J].American Journal of Anatomy,1983,167(1):15-32.
[15]Tota B.Myoarchitecture and vascularization of the elasmobranch heart ventricle[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1989,252(S2):122-135.
[16]Tota B,Garofalo F.Fish Heart growth and function:From gross morphology to cell signaling and back[M]//Sedmera D,Wang T.Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Heart.New York:Springer,2012:55-74.
[17]Bushnell P G,Jones D R,Farrell A P.The Arterial System[J].Fish Physiology,1992,12:89-139.
[18]Farrell A P,Hammons A M,Graham M S,et al.Cardiac growth in rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1988,66(11):2368-2373.
[19]Farrell A P,Johansen J A,Steffensen J F,et al.Effects of exercise training and coronary ablation on swimming performance,heart size,and cardiac enzymes in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1990,68(6):1174-1179.
[20]Chopin L K,Bennett M B.Cellular ultrastructure and catecholamine histofluorescence of the heart of the Australian lungfish,Neoceratodus forsteri[J].Journal of Morphology,1995,223(2):191-201.
[21]Levitsky D,De La Bastie B,Schwartz K,et al.Ca2+-ATPase and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum during cardiac hypertrophy[J].American Journal of Physiology,1991,261(4):L23-L26.
[22]Korajoki H,Vornanen M.Expression of calsequestrin in atrial and ventricular muscle of thermally acclimated rainbow trout[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2009,212(21):3403-3414.
[23]Feller G,Goessens G,Gerday C,et al.Heart structure and ventricular ultrastructure of hemoglobin-and myoglobin-free icefish Channichthys rhinoceratus[J].Cell and Tissue Research,1985,242(3):669-676.
[24]Di Maio A,Block B A.Ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac myocytes from pacific bluefin tuna[J].Cell and Tissue Research,2008,334(1):121-34.
[25]Nel P P C,Nel M M,De Wit L J D.Ultrastructure of the atrioventricular valve and ventricular endo-and myocardium of the tigerfish,Hydrocynus forskahlii[J].Journal of Morphology,1991,207(2):129-134.
[26]Santer R M,Cobb J L.The fine structure of the heart of the teleost,Pleuronectes platessa L[J].Zeitschrift Fur Zellforschung Und Mikroskopische Anatomie,1972,131(1):1-14.
[27]Icardo J M,Colvee E,Schorno S,et al.Morphological analysis of the hagfish heart.I.The ventricle,the arterial connection and the ventral aorta[J].Journal of Morphology,2016,277(3):326-340.
[28]Leknes I L,S?tersdal T S.On the ultrastructure of specific heart granules in teleosts[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1981,19(5):575-579.
[2]Garnett A T,Square T A,Medeiros D M.BMP,Wnt and FGF signals are integrated through evolutionarily conserved enhancers to achieve robust expression of Pax3 and Zic genes at the zebrafish neural plate border[J].Development,2012,139(22):4220-4231.
[3]谢菲,陈晗,李建明,等.斑马鱼在肿瘤研究中的应用[J].中国热带医学,2009,9(6):1161-1164.Xie F,Chen H,Li J M,et al.Application of zebrafish in cancer research[J].China Tropical Medicine,2009,9(6):1161-1164(in Chinese).
[4]Vliegenthart A D B,Tucker C S,Pozo J D,et al.zebrafish as model organisms for studying drug-induced liver injury[J].British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,2014,78(6):1217-1227.
[5]刘辉,戴家银.斑马鱼在生态毒理学研究及环境监测中的应用[J].中国实验动物学报,2015,23(5):529-534.Liu H,Dai J Y.Application of zebrafish(Danio rerio)in the fields of environmental ecotoxicology and environmental monitoring[J].Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica,2015,23(5):529-534(in Chinese).
[6]林金杏,章琳俐,姚一琳,等.斑马鱼肠道显微和超微结构的研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2013,45(3):60-66.Lin J X,Zhang L L,Yao Y L,et al.Study on microstructure and ultrastructure of the intestine of zebrafish[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2013,45(3):60-66(in Chinese).
[7]陈微,章琳俐,刘仪,等.斑马鱼中脑微细结构及相关免疫组化反应[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(12):89-93.Chen W,Zhang L L,Liu Y,et al.Brain microstructure and related immunohistochemical reactions in zebrafish[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2015,47(12):89-93(in Chinese).
[8]刘仪,章琳俐,初晓雅,等.不同温度条件下斑马鱼精巢TLR2和TLR4的表达分布[J].畜牧与兽医,2016,48(12):65-67.Liu Y,Zhang L L,Chu X Y,et al.The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the spermary of zebrafish at different temperatures[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,48(12):65-67(in Chinese).
[9]姚玉霄,孙少阳,费飞,等.模式生物斑马鱼在衰老生物学中的研究初探[J].广东医学院学报,2016,34(5):443-446.Yao Y X,Sun S Y,Fei F,et al.Introduction of zebrafish as a model for aging research[J].Journal of Guangdong Medical College,2016,34(5):443-446(in Chinese).
[10]Icardo J M,Colvee E,Cerra M,et al.Bulbus arteriosus of the antarctic teleosts.Ⅱ.the red-blooded Trematomus bernacchii[J].Anatomical Record,1999,256(2):16-126.
[11]Leknes I L.Structural and histochemical studies on the teleostean bulbus arteriosus[J].Anatomia,Histologia,Embryologia,2009,38(6):424-428.
[12]Breisch E A,White F,Jones H M,et al.Ultrastructural morphometry of the myocardium of Thunnus alalunga[J].Cell and Tissue Research,1983,233(2):427-438.
[13]Santer R M.Morphology and innervation of the fish heart[J].Advances in Anatomy,Embryology,and Cell Biology,1985,89:1-102.
[14]Tota B,Cimini V,Salvatore G,et al.Comparative study of the arterial and lacunary systems of the ventricular myocardium of elasmobranch and teleost fishes[J].American Journal of Anatomy,1983,167(1):15-32.
[15]Tota B.Myoarchitecture and vascularization of the elasmobranch heart ventricle[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1989,252(S2):122-135.
[16]Tota B,Garofalo F.Fish Heart growth and function:From gross morphology to cell signaling and back[M]//Sedmera D,Wang T.Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Heart.New York:Springer,2012:55-74.
[17]Bushnell P G,Jones D R,Farrell A P.The Arterial System[J].Fish Physiology,1992,12:89-139.
[18]Farrell A P,Hammons A M,Graham M S,et al.Cardiac growth in rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1988,66(11):2368-2373.
[19]Farrell A P,Johansen J A,Steffensen J F,et al.Effects of exercise training and coronary ablation on swimming performance,heart size,and cardiac enzymes in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1990,68(6):1174-1179.
[20]Chopin L K,Bennett M B.Cellular ultrastructure and catecholamine histofluorescence of the heart of the Australian lungfish,Neoceratodus forsteri[J].Journal of Morphology,1995,223(2):191-201.
[21]Levitsky D,De La Bastie B,Schwartz K,et al.Ca2+-ATPase and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum during cardiac hypertrophy[J].American Journal of Physiology,1991,261(4):L23-L26.
[22]Korajoki H,Vornanen M.Expression of calsequestrin in atrial and ventricular muscle of thermally acclimated rainbow trout[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2009,212(21):3403-3414.
[23]Feller G,Goessens G,Gerday C,et al.Heart structure and ventricular ultrastructure of hemoglobin-and myoglobin-free icefish Channichthys rhinoceratus[J].Cell and Tissue Research,1985,242(3):669-676.
[24]Di Maio A,Block B A.Ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac myocytes from pacific bluefin tuna[J].Cell and Tissue Research,2008,334(1):121-34.
[25]Nel P P C,Nel M M,De Wit L J D.Ultrastructure of the atrioventricular valve and ventricular endo-and myocardium of the tigerfish,Hydrocynus forskahlii[J].Journal of Morphology,1991,207(2):129-134.
[26]Santer R M,Cobb J L.The fine structure of the heart of the teleost,Pleuronectes platessa L[J].Zeitschrift Fur Zellforschung Und Mikroskopische Anatomie,1972,131(1):1-14.
[27]Icardo J M,Colvee E,Schorno S,et al.Morphological analysis of the hagfish heart.I.The ventricle,the arterial connection and the ventral aorta[J].Journal of Morphology,2016,277(3):326-340.
[28]Leknes I L,S?tersdal T S.On the ultrastructure of specific heart granules in teleosts[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1981,19(5):575-579.